메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 507-513

International consensus statement on testing and reporting of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

Author keywords

ANCA; Autoantibodies; Glomerulonephritis; Vasculitis

Indexed keywords

MYELOBLASTIN; MYELOPEROXIDASE; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY;

EID: 0033037938     PISSN: 00029173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/111.4.507     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (556)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 84920235395 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies against neutrophils and monocytes: Tool for diagnosis and marker of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis
    • van der Woude FJ, Rasmussen N, Lobatto S, et al. Autoantibodies against neutrophils and monocytes: tool for diagnosis and marker of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis. Lancet. 1985;1:425-429.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 425-429
    • Van Der Woude, F.J.1    Rasmussen, N.2    Lobatto, S.3
  • 2
    • 0023279838 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of radioimmunoassay for antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm in diagnosis of systemic vasculitis
    • Savage CO, Winearls CG, Jones S, et al. Prospective study of radioimmunoassay for antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm in diagnosis of systemic vasculitis. Lancet. 1987;1:1389-1393.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1389-1393
    • Savage, C.O.1    Winearls, C.G.2    Jones, S.3
  • 3
    • 0023878734 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase in patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic necrotising and crescentic glomerulonephritis
    • Falk RJ, Jennette JC. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase in patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic necrotising and crescentic glomerulonephritis. N Engl J Med. 1988;318;1651-1657.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 1651-1657
    • Falk, R.J.1    Jennette, J.C.2
  • 4
    • 0026006443 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated disease: A rheumatologist's perspective
    • Gross WL, Schmitt WH, Csernok E. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated disease: a rheumatologist's perspective. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;28:175-179.
    • (1991) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.28 , pp. 175-179
    • Gross, W.L.1    Schmitt, W.H.2    Csernok, E.3
  • 5
    • 0024426605 scopus 로고
    • Association between active Wegener's granulomatosis and anticytoplasmic antibodies
    • Cohen Tervaert JW, van der Woude FJ, Fauci AS, et al. Association between active Wegener's granulomatosis and anticytoplasmic antibodies. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:2461-2465.
    • (1989) Arch Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 2461-2465
    • Cohen Tervaert, J.W.1    Van Der Woude, F.J.2    Fauci, A.S.3
  • 6
    • 0028821552 scopus 로고
    • ANCA and predicting relapse in systemic vasculitis
    • Jayne DRW, Gaskin G, Pusey CD, et al. ANCA and predicting relapse in systemic vasculitis. QJM. 1995;88:127-133.
    • (1995) QJM , vol.88 , pp. 127-133
    • Jayne, D.R.W.1    Gaskin, G.2    Pusey, C.D.3
  • 7
    • 0026006444 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated diseases: A pulmonologist's perspective
    • DeRemee RA. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated diseases: a pulmonologist's perspective. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;28:180-183.
    • (1991) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.28 , pp. 180-183
    • DeRemee, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 0031406313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardisation of solid phase assays for ANCA determination
    • Hagen C. Standardisation of solid phase assays for ANCA determination. Nephrology. 1997;3(suppl):S764-S765.
    • (1997) Nephrology , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Hagen, C.1
  • 9
    • 0025943882 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated diseases: A pathologist's perspective
    • Jennette JC. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated diseases: a pathologist's perspective. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;28:164-170.
    • (1991) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.28 , pp. 164-170
    • Jennette, J.C.1
  • 10
    • 0027469561 scopus 로고
    • The value of indirect immunofluorescence and solid phase techniques for ANCA detection: A report on the first phase of an international cooperative study on the standardization of ANCA assays
    • Hagen EC, Andrassy K, Csernok E, et al. The value of indirect immunofluorescence and solid phase techniques for ANCA detection: a report on the first phase of an international cooperative study on the standardization of ANCA assays. J Immunol Methods. 1993;159:1-16.
    • (1993) J Immunol Methods , vol.159 , pp. 1-16
    • Hagen, E.C.1    Andrassy, K.2    Csernok, E.3
  • 11
    • 0029816090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of solid phase assays for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA): A report on the second phase of an international cooperative study on the standardization of ANCA assays
    • Hagen EC, Andrassy K, Csernok E, et al. Development of solid phase assays for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA): a report on the second phase of an international cooperative study on the standardization of ANCA assays. J Immunol Methods. 1996;196:1-15.
    • (1996) J Immunol Methods , vol.196 , pp. 1-15
    • Hagen, E.C.1    Andrassy, K.2    Csernok, E.3
  • 12
    • 15144339407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic value of standardized assays for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in idiopathic systemic vasculitis: Results of an international collaborative study
    • Hagen EC, Daha MR, Hermans J, et al. The diagnostic value of standardized assays for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in idiopathic systemic vasculitis: results of an international collaborative study. Kidney Int. 1998;53:743-753.
    • (1998) Kidney Int , vol.53 , pp. 743-753
    • Hagen, E.C.1    Daha, M.R.2    Hermans, J.3
  • 13
    • 0024432516 scopus 로고
    • Wegener's granulomatosis autoantibodies identify a novel diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding protein in the lysosomes of normal human neutrophils
    • Goldschmeding R, van der Schoot CE, ten Bokkel Huinink D, et al. Wegener's granulomatosis autoantibodies identify a novel diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding protein in the lysosomes of normal human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1989;84:1577-1587.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1577-1587
    • Goldschmeding, R.1    Van Der Schoot, C.E.2    Ten Bokkel Huinink, D.3
  • 14
    • 0024435458 scopus 로고
    • Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen is a novel neutrophil serine proteinase
    • Miles JL, McCluskey RT, Ahmad MF, et al. Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen is a novel neutrophil serine proteinase. Blood. 1989;74:1888-1893.
    • (1989) Blood , vol.74 , pp. 1888-1893
    • Miles, J.L.1    McCluskey, R.T.2    Ahmad, M.F.3
  • 15
    • 0028158683 scopus 로고
    • Detection of autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens
    • Lock RJ. Detection of autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47:4-8.
    • (1994) J Clin Pathol , vol.47 , pp. 4-8
    • Lock, R.J.1
  • 16
    • 0028158243 scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides: The proposal of an international consensus conference
    • Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides: the proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:187-192.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum , vol.37 , pp. 187-192
    • Jennette, J.C.1    Falk, R.J.2    Andrassy, K.3
  • 17
    • 0025183423 scopus 로고
    • The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis
    • Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1101-1107.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Leavitt, R.Y.1    Fauci, A.S.2    Bloch, D.A.3
  • 18
    • 0025834266 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: A useful serological marker for vasculitis
    • Goeken JA. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: a useful serological marker for vasculitis. J Clin Immunol. 1991;11:161-174.
    • (1991) J Clin Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 161-174
    • Goeken, J.A.1
  • 19
    • 0345559420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical findings in patients with positive cytoplasmic ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence with negative ELISA for proteinase 3
    • Mallon D, Silvestrini R, Benson E. Clinical findings in patients with positive cytoplasmic ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence with negative ELISA for proteinase 3 [abstract]. Nephrology. 1997:3(suppl):S792.
    • (1997) Nephrology , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Mallon, D.1    Silvestrini, R.2    Benson, E.3
  • 20
    • 85038179777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the reporting of cANCA immunofluorescence patterns can be improved in Australasia
    • Wong RCW, Silvestrini RA, Savige J, et al. How the reporting of cANCA immunofluorescence patterns can be improved in Australasia [abstract]. Nephrology. 1997;3(suppl):S792.
    • (1997) Nephrology , vol.3 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Wong, R.C.W.1    Silvestrini, R.A.2    Savige, J.3
  • 21
    • 7344249543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the immunofluorescent patterns associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and their differentiation from other antibodies
    • Savige JA, Paspaliarais B, Silvestrini R, et al. A review of the immunofluorescent patterns associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and their differentiation from other antibodies. J Clin Pathol. 1998;51:568-575.
    • (1998) J Clin Pathol , vol.51 , pp. 568-575
    • Savige, J.A.1    Paspaliarais, B.2    Silvestrini, R.3
  • 22
    • 0027225488 scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil alloantibodies react with cytoplasmic antigens as possible cause of false-positive indirect immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens
    • Stroncek DF, Egging MS, Eiber GA, et al. Neutrophil alloantibodies react with cytoplasmic antigens as possible cause of false-positive indirect immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993;21:368-373.
    • (1993) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.21 , pp. 368-373
    • Stroncek, D.F.1    Egging, M.S.2    Eiber, G.A.3
  • 23
    • 0028234050 scopus 로고
    • Some patients with antimyeloperoxidase antibodies have a cANCA pattern
    • Segelmark M, Baslund B, Wieslander J. Some patients with antimyeloperoxidase antibodies have a cANCA pattern. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;96:458-465.
    • (1994) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.96 , pp. 458-465
    • Segelmark, M.1    Baslund, B.2    Wieslander, J.3
  • 24
    • 0030015947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of anti-bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and anti-azurocidin in patients with renal disease
    • Yang JJ, Tuttle R, Falk RJ, et al. Frequency of anti-bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and anti-azurocidin in patients with renal disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996;105:125-131.
    • (1996) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 125-131
    • Yang, J.J.1    Tuttle, R.2    Falk, R.J.3
  • 25
    • 0024562760 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil nuclear antibody in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis
    • Snook JA, Chapman RW, Fleming K, et al. Antineutrophil nuclear antibody in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1989;76:30-33.
    • (1989) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.76 , pp. 30-33
    • Snook, J.A.1    Chapman, R.W.2    Fleming, K.3
  • 26
    • 0025145696 scopus 로고
    • A distinct subset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies is associated with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Saxon A, Shanahan F, Landers C, et al. A distinct subset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86:202-210.
    • (1990) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.86 , pp. 202-210
    • Saxon, A.1    Shanahan, F.2    Landers, C.3
  • 27
    • 0344697153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen specificity of antineutrophil antibodies in ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis
    • Bansi DS, Cameron BJ, Zhao M, et al. Antigen specificity of antineutrophil antibodies in ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis [abstract]. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 1996;205:278.
    • (1996) Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis , vol.205 , pp. 278
    • Bansi, D.S.1    Cameron, B.J.2    Zhao, M.3
  • 28
    • 0025936027 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Savige JA, Gallichio MC, Stockman A, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1991;86:92-98.
    • (1991) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.86 , pp. 92-98
    • Savige, J.A.1    Gallichio, M.C.2    Stockman, A.3
  • 29
    • 0024598803 scopus 로고
    • Circulating antielastase in systemic erythematosus
    • Nassberger L, Jonsson H, Sjoholm AG, et al. Circulating antielastase in systemic erythematosus. Lancet. 1989;I:509.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 509
    • Nassberger, L.1    Jonsson, H.2    Sjoholm, A.G.3
  • 30
    • 0019223399 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies: Possible significance for the pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Wiik A. Granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies: possible significance for the pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Allergy. 1980;35:263-289.
    • (1980) Allergy , vol.35 , pp. 263-289
    • Wiik, A.1
  • 31
    • 0027179361 scopus 로고
    • Vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies associated with propylthiouracil therapy
    • Dolman KM, Gans ROB, Vervaat TJ, et al. Vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies associated with propylthiouracil therapy. Lancet. 1993;342:651-652.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 651-652
    • Dolman, K.M.1    Gans, R.O.B.2    Vervaat, T.J.3
  • 32
    • 0028826517 scopus 로고
    • Antigen specificity in hydralazine associated ANCA positive systemic vasculitis
    • Short AK, Lockwood CM. Antigen specificity in hydralazine associated ANCA positive systemic vasculitis. QJM. 1995;88:775-783.
    • (1995) QJM , vol.88 , pp. 775-783
    • Short, A.K.1    Lockwood, C.M.2
  • 33
    • 0027416447 scopus 로고
    • Alpha enolase: A novel cytosolic autoantigen in ANCA positive vasculitis
    • Moodie FDL, Leaker B, Cambridge G, et al. Alpha enolase: a novel cytosolic autoantigen in ANCA positive vasculitis. Kidney Int. 1993;43:675-681.
    • (1993) Kidney Int , vol.43 , pp. 675-681
    • Moodie, F.D.L.1    Leaker, B.2    Cambridge, G.3
  • 34
    • 0031972187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalase and αenolase: Two novel granulocyte autoantigens in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
    • Roozendahl C, Zhao MH, Horst G, et al. Catalase and αenolase: two novel granulocyte autoantigens in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clin Exp Immunol. 1998;112:10-16.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 10-16
    • Roozendahl, C.1    Zhao, M.H.2    Horst, G.3
  • 35
    • 0031024347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel autoantigens of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) in ulcerative colitis: Novel non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2
    • Sobajima J, Ozaki S, Osakada F, et al. Novel autoantigens of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) in ulcerative colitis: novel non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997;107:135-140.
    • (1997) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.107 , pp. 135-140
    • Sobajima, J.1    Ozaki, S.2    Osakada, F.3
  • 36
    • 0031015227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actin is a target antigen of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune hepatitis type 1
    • Orth T, Gerken G, Kellner R, et al. Actin is a target antigen of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune hepatitis type 1. J Hepatol. 1997;26:37-47.
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.26 , pp. 37-47
    • Orth, T.1    Gerken, G.2    Kellner, R.3
  • 37
    • 0026712444 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against cathepsin G in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis
    • Halbwechs-Mecarelli L, Nusbaum P, Noel LH, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against cathepsin G in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992;90:79-84.
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.90 , pp. 79-84
    • Halbwechs-Mecarelli, L.1    Nusbaum, P.2    Noel, L.H.3
  • 38
    • 0024596677 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
    • Thomson RA, Lee SS. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Lancet. 1989;1:670-671.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 670-671
    • Thomson, R.A.1    Lee, S.S.2
  • 39
    • 0027135253 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies directed against lysozyme: A new target antigen for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
    • Gross WL, ed. New York, NY: Plenum Press
    • Schmitt WH, Csernok E, Flesch BK, et al. Autoantibodies directed against lysozyme: a new target antigen for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. In: Gross WL, ed. ANCA-Associated Vasculitides: Immunological and Clinical Aspects. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1993:256-271.
    • (1993) ANCA-Associated Vasculitides: Immunological and Clinical Aspects , pp. 256-271
    • Schmitt, W.H.1    Csernok, E.2    Flesch, B.K.3
  • 40
    • 0030778726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificities of antineutrophil autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
    • Brimnes J, Halberg P, Jacobsen S, et al. Specificities of antineutrophil autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Exp Immunol. 1997;110:250-256.
    • (1997) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.110 , pp. 250-256
    • Brimnes, J.1    Halberg, P.2    Jacobsen, S.3
  • 41
    • 0024349557 scopus 로고
    • Delineation of a standard procedure for indirect immunofluorescence detection of ANCA
    • Wiik A. Delineation of a standard procedure for indirect immunofluorescence detection of ANCA. APMIS Suppl. 1989;6:12-13.
    • (1989) APMIS Suppl. , vol.6 , pp. 12-13
    • Wiik, A.1
  • 42
    • 0002815673 scopus 로고
    • Methods to detect autoantibodies to neutrophilic granulocytes
    • van Venrooij WJ, Maini RN, eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Wiik A, Rasmussen N, Wieslander J. Methods to detect autoantibodies to neutrophilic granulocytes. In: van Venrooij WJ, Maini RN, eds. Manual of Biological Markers of Disease. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993:1-14.
    • (1993) Manual of Biological Markers of Disease , pp. 1-14
    • Wiik, A.1    Rasmussen, N.2    Wieslander, J.3
  • 43
    • 0017064709 scopus 로고
    • Antinuclear factors in sera from healthy blood donors
    • Wiik A. Antinuclear factors in sera from healthy blood donors. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1976;84:215-220.
    • (1976) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand , vol.84 , pp. 215-220
    • Wiik, A.1
  • 44
    • 0024389175 scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis and vasculitis
    • Jennette JC, Wilkman AS, Falk RJ. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis and vasculitis. Am J Pathol. 1989;135:921-930.
    • (1989) Am J Pathol , vol.135 , pp. 921-930
    • Jennette, J.C.1    Wilkman, A.S.2    Falk, R.J.3
  • 46
    • 0030818429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid screening assay for anti-GBM antibody and ANCAs: An important tool for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary renal syndromes
    • Westman KWA, Bygren PG, Eilert I, et al. Rapid screening assay for anti-GBM antibody and ANCAs: an important tool for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary renal syndromes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:1863-1868.
    • (1997) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.12 , pp. 1863-1868
    • Westman, K.W.A.1    Bygren, P.G.2    Eilert, I.3
  • 47
    • 0030067594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndrome of lung haemorrhage and nephritis is usually an ANCA-associated condition
    • Niles JL, Bottinger EP, Saurina GR, et al. The syndrome of lung haemorrhage and nephritis is usually an ANCA-associated condition. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:440-445.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 440-445
    • Niles, J.L.1    Bottinger, E.P.2    Saurina, G.R.3
  • 48
    • 0025320149 scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to GBM and neutrophil cytoplasm in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
    • Jayne DRW, Marshall PD, Jones SJ, et al. Autoantibodies to GBM and neutrophil cytoplasm in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1990;37:965-970.
    • (1990) Kidney Int , vol.37 , pp. 965-970
    • Jayne, D.R.W.1    Marshall, P.D.2    Jones, S.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.