Invasive aspergillosis in transplant recipients

Medicine

Volumn 78, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 123-138

  Paterson, David L ^a   Singh, Nina ^a  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASPERGILLOSIS; ASPERGILLUS; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; FUNGUS GROWTH; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ASPERGILLOSIS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 0033037922     PISSN: 00257974     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199903000-00003     Document Type: Article

References (270)

1. Abruzzo GK, Flattery AM, Gill CJ, Kong L, Smith JG, Pikounis VB, Blakovec JM, Bouffard AF, Dropinski JF, Rosen H, Kropp H, Bartizal K. Evaluation of the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872) - efficacies in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 2333-38, 1997.
2. Aisner J, Murillo J, Schimpff SC, Steere AC. Invasive aspergillosis in acute leukemia: Correlation with nose cultures and antibiotic use. Ann Intern Med 90: 4-9, 1979.
3. Aisner J, Schimpff SC, Wiesner RH. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis: Relation of early diagnosis and treatment to response. Ann Intern Med 86: 539-43, 1977.
4. Allo M D, Miller J, Townsend T, Tan C. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis associated with Hickman intravenous catheters. N Engl J Med 317: 1105-8, 1987.
5. Alvarez L, Calvo E, Abril C. Articular aspergillosis: Case report. Clin Infect Dis 20: 457-60, 1995.
6. Anaissie EJ, Monson TP, Penzak SR, Stratton SL. Opportunistic fungi recovered from hospital water systems. In: Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 305, 1997.
7. Anaissie EJ, White M, Uzun O, Singer C, Bodey GP, Matzke D, Azarnia N, Lopez-Berestein G. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) versus amphotericin B (AMB) for treatment of hematogenous and invasive candidiasis: A prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. In: Program and Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 330, 1995.
8. Anderson K, Morris G, Kennedy H, Croall J, Michie J, Richardson MD, Gibson B. Aspergillosis in immunocompromised paediatric patients: Associations with building hygiene, design, and indoor air. Thorax 51: 256-61, 1996.
9. Ansorg R, Heintschel von Heinegg E, Rath PM. Aspergillus antigenuria compared to antigenemia in bone marrow transplant recipients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 582-9, 1994.
10. Arnow PA, Carandang GC, Zabner R, Irwin ME. Randomized controlled trial of selective bowel contamination for prevention of infections following liver transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 22: 997-1003, 1996.
11. Arnow PM, Anderson RL, Mainous PD, Smith EJ. Pulmonary aspergillosis during hospital renovation. Am Rev Respir Dis 118: 49-53, 1978.
12. Arnow PM, Sadigh M, Costas C. Endemic and epidemic aspergillosis associated with in-hospital replication of Aspergillus organisms. J Infect Dis 164: 998-1002, 1991.
13. Arroyo J, Medoff G, Kobayashi GS. Therapy of murine aspergillosis with amphotericin B in combination with rifampin or 5 flucytosine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 11: 21-5, 1977.
14. Austin JH, Schulman IL, Mastrobattiste JD. Pulmonary infection after cardiac transplantation: Clinical and radiologic correlations. Radiology 172: 259-65, 1989.
15. Barnes RA, Rogers TR. Control of an outbreak of nosocomial aspergillosis by laminar air-flow isolation. J Hosp Infect 14: 89-94, 1989.
16. Behre GF, Schwartz S, Lenz K, Ludwig WD, Schilling E, Heinemann V, Link H, Boenisch O, Treder W, Siegert W, Wandt H, Trittin A, Hiddemann W, Beyer J. Aerosol amphotericin B inhalations for prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic cancer patients. Ann Hematol 71: 287-91, 1995.
17. Boon AP, Adams DH, Buckels J, McMaster P. Cerebral aspergillosis in liver transplantation. J Clin Pathol 43: 114-8, 1991.
18. Boots RJ, Paterson DL, Allworth AM, Faoagali JL. Successful treatment of post influenza pseudomembranous necrotising bronchial aspergillosis with liposomal amphotericin, inhaled amphotericin B, gamma interferon and GM-CSF. Thorax (in press), 1999.
19. Boriani G, Mirri A, Iacobitti P, Magnani G, Ferretti RM, Gamba A, Mamprin F, Fiocchi R, Ferrazzi P, Binetti G. Cerebral and renal aspergillosis in a patient with orthotopic heart transplant: diagnosis treatment and follow-up. Cardiologia 34: 807-11, 1989.
20. Bowden RA, Cays M, Gooley T, Mamelok RD, van Burik J. Phase I study of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion for the treatment of invasive fungal infections after marrow transplant. J Infect Dis 173: 1208-15, 1996.
21. Bretagne S, Bart-Delabesse E, Wechsler J, Kuentz M, Dhedin N, Cordonnier C. Fatal primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a bone marrow transplant recipient: nosocomial acquisition in a laminar-air flow room. J Hosp Infect 36: 235-9, 1997.
22. Bretagne S, Costa JM, Marmorat-Khoung A, Poron F, Cordonnier C, Vidaud M, Fleury-Feith J. Detection of Aspergillus species DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage samples by competitive PCR. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1164-8, 1995.
23. Bretagne S, Marmoartkhuong A, Kuentz M, Latge JP, Bartdelabesse E, Cordonnier C. Serum Aspergillus galactomannan antigen testing by sandwich ELISA-practical use in neutropenic patients. J Infect 35: 7-15, 1997.
24. Briegel J, Forst H, Spill B, Haas A, Grabein B, Haller M, Kilger E, Jauch KW, Maag K, Ruckdeschel G, Peter K. Risk factors for systemic fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. Eur J Clin Micobiol Infect Dis 14: 375-82, 1995.
25. Brown RS, Lake JR, Katzman BA, Ascher NL, Somberg KA, Emond JC, Roberts JP. Incidence and significance of Aspergillus cultures following liver and kidney transplantation. Transplantation 61: 666-9, 1996.
26. Burch PA, Karp JE, Merz WG, Kuhlman JE, Fishman EK. Favorable outcome of invasive aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol 5: 1985-93, 1987.
27. Burton JR, Zachery JB, Bessin R, Rathbun HK. Aspergillosis in four renal transplant recipients. Diagnosis and effective treatment with amphotericin B. Ann Intern Med 77: 383-8, 1972.
28. Byl B, Jacobs F, Antoine M, Depierreux M, Serruys E, Primo G, Thys JP. Mediastinitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus with ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm in a heart transplant recipient: Case study. Heart Lung 22: 145-7, 1993.
29. Cahill BC, Savik SK, Junl BJ, Dosland BM, Edin CL, Hibbs J, Hertz MI. Aspergillus airway colonization and invasive disease after lung transplant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: A460, 1995
30. Calliot D, Casasnovas O, Bernard A, Couaillier JF, Durand C, Cuisenier B, Solary E, Piard F, Petrella T, Bonnin A, Couillault G, Dumas M, Guy H. Improved management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients using early thoracic computed tomographic scan and surgery. J Clin Oncol 15: 139-47, 1997.
31. Camarata PJ, Dunn DL, Farney AC, Parker RG, Seljeskog EL. Continual intracavitary administration of amphotericin B as an adjunct in the treatment of Aspergillus brain abscess: Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 31: 575-9, 1992.
32. Carrizosa J, Kohn C, Levison ME. Experimental Aspergillus endocarditis in rabbits. J Lab Clin Med 86: 746-53, 1975.
33. Cassuto-Viguier E, Mondain JR, Van Elslande L, Bendini JC, Gaid H, Franco M, Gari-Toussaint M. Fatal outcome of Aspergillus fumigatus arthritis in a renal transplant recipient. Transplant Proc 27: 2461, 1995.
34. Castaldo P, Stratta RJ, Wood RP, Markin RS, Patel KD, Shaefer MS, Langmas AN, Reed EC, Li S, Pillen TJ, Shaw BW Jr. Clinical spectrum of fungal infections after orthotopic liver transplantation. Arch Surg 126: 149-56, 1991.
35. Catalano L, Fontane R, Scarpato N, Picardi M, Rocco S, Rotoli B. Combined treatment with amphotericin B and granulocyte infusion from G-CSF stimulated donors in an aplastic patient with invasive aspergillosis undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Haematologica 82: 71-2, 1997.
36. Choi JH, Yoo JH, Chung IJ, Kim DW, Han CW, Shin WS, Min WS, Park CW, Kim CC, Kim DJ. Esophageal aspergillosis after bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 19: 293-4, 1997.
37. Choi SS, Milmoe GJ, Dinndorf PA, Quinones RR. Invasive Aspergillus sinusitis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. Evaluation and management. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 121: 1188-92, 1995.
38. Christin L, Wysong DR, Meshulam T, Hastey R, Simons ER, Diamond RD. Human platelets damage Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae and may supplement killing by neutrophils. Infect Immunity 66: 1181-89, 1998.
39. Cicogna CE, White MH, Bernard EM, Ishimura T, Sun M, Tong WP, Armstrong D. Efficacy of prophylactic aerosol amphotericin B lipid complex in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 259-61, 1997.
40. Clark JM, Whitney RR, Olsen SJ, George RJ, Swerdel MR, Kunselman L, Bonner DP. Amphotericin B lipid complex therapy of experimental fungal infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35: 615-21, 1991.
41. Cofan F, Inigo P, Ricart MJ, Oppenheimer F, Vilardell J, Campistol JM, Carretero P. Invasive aspergillosis following kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation. Nefrologia 16: 253-260, 1996.
42. Collins LA, Samore MA, Roberts MS, Karchmer AW. Risk factors for invasive fungal infections complicating orthotopic liver transplantation. J Infect Dis 170: 644-52, 1994.
43. Colquhoun IW, Gascoigne AD, Gould K, Corris PA, Dark JH. Native pulmonary sepsis after single-lung transplantation. Transplantation 52: 931-3, 1991.
44. Conneally E, Cafferkey MT, Daly PA, Keane CT, McCann SR. Nebulized amphotericin B as prophylaxis against invasive aspergillosis in granulocytopenic patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 5: 403-6, 1990.
45. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Morbidity and mortality of renal dialysis: An NIH consensus conference statement. Ann Intern Med 121: 62-70, 1994.
46. Dauber JH, Paradis IL, Dummer JS. Infectious complications in pulmonary allograft recipients. Clin Chest Med 11: 291-308, 1990.
47. DeCruyenaere J, Colardyn F, Vogelaers D, Claeys G, Hesse U, De Deyne C, Hoste E, Lutz-Dettinger N, Vandewoude K, de Hemptinne B. Combined use of fluconazole and selective digestive decontamination in the prevention of fungal infection after adult liver transplantation. Transplantation 27: 515-6, 1995.
48. Dekker AW, Verdonck LF, Rozenberg-Arska M. Infection prevention in autologous bone marrow transplantation and the role of protective isolation. Bone Marrow Transplant 14: 89-93, 1994.
49. Delmas Y, Merville P, Dousset V, Der Vaudurieux L, Morel D, Potaux L. A renal transplant recipient with acute paraparesis due to an Aspergillus epidural abscess. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12: 2185-7, 1997.
50. Denning DW, del Favero A, Gluckman E, Norfolk D, Ruhnke M, Yonren S, Troke P, Sarantis N. UK-109,496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: Clinical efficacy in acute invasive aspergillosis. In: Program and Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Francisco). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 126, 1995.
51. Denning DW, Follansbee SE, Scolaro M, Norris S, Edelstein H, Stevens DA. Pulmonary aspergillosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 324: 654-62, 1991.
52. Denning DW, Lee JY, Hostetler J, Pappas P, Kauffman CA, Dewsnup DH, Galgiani JN, Graybill JR, Sugar AM, Catanzaro A, et al. NIAID Mycoses Study Group multicenter trial of oral itraconazole therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Am J Med 97: 135-44, 1994.
53. Denning DW, Stevens DA. Antifungal and surgical treatment of invasive aspergillosis: Review of 2121 published cases. Rev Infect Dis 12: 1147-201, 1990.
54. Denning DW, Tucker RM, Hanson LH, Stevens DA. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole. Am J Med 86: 791-800, 1989.
55. Dolovich M, Rossman C, Chambers C, Grossman RF, Newhouse M, the Toronto Lung Transplant Group. Mucociliary function in patients following single lung or lung/heart transplantation. Am Rev Respir Dis 135: A363, 1987.
56. Drakos PE, Nagler A, Or R, Naparstek E, Kapelushnik J, Engelhard D, Rahav G, Ne'emean D, Slavin S. Invasive fungal sinusitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 12: 203-8, 1993.
57. Drent M, van Rens MT, Wagenaar SS, de Jongh BM, van Velzen-Blad H, van den Bosch JM. Invasive aspergillosis after bilateral lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis. Respir Med 89: 449-51, 1995.
58. EaganJJ, Yonan N, Carroll KB, Deiraniya AK, Webb AK, Woodcock AA. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in lung allograft recipients. Eur Respir J 169-71, 1996.
59. Ellis ME, Clink H, Halim MA, Padmos A, Spence D, Kalin M, Hussain QM, Burnie J, Greer W. Controlled study of fluconazole in the prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies and bone marrow transplant recipients. Eur J Clin Micobiol Infect Dis 13: 3-11, 1994.
60. End A, Helbich T, Wisser W, Dekan G, Klepetko W. The pulmonary nodule after lung transplantation. Cause and outcome. Chest 107: 1317-22, 1995.
61. Faggian G, Livi U, Bortolotti U, Mazzucco A, Stellin G, Chiominto B, Viviani MA, Gallucci V. Itraconazole therapy for acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in heart transplantation. Transplant Proc 21: 2506-7, 1989.
62. Fenelon LE. Protective isolation: Who needs it? J Hosp Infect 30(Suppl): 218-22, 1995.
63. Ferreiro JA, Robert MA, Townsend J, Vinters HV. Neuropathologic findings after liver transplantation. Acta Neuropathol 84: 1-14, 1994.
64. Flume PA, Egan TM, Paradowski LJ, Detterbeck FC, Thompson JT, Yankaskas JR. Infectious complications of lung transplantation. Impact of cystic fibrosis. Respir Grit Care Med 149: 1601-7, 1997.
65. Francis P, Lee JW, Hoffman A, Peter J, Francesconi A, Bacher J, Shelhamer J, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Efficacy of unilamellar liposomal amphotericin B in treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: The potential role of bronchoalveolar D-mannitol and serum galactomannan as markers of infection. J Infect Dis 169: 356-68, 1994.
66. Francis P, Walsh TJ Evolving role of flucytosine in immunocompromised patients: New insights into safety, pharmacokinetics, and antifungal therapy. Clin Infect Dis 15: 1003-18, 1992.
67. Gallis HA, Berman RA, Cate TR, Hamilton JD, Gunnells JC, Stickel DL. Fungal infection following renal transplantation. Arch Intern Med 135: 1163-72, 1975.
68. Gelpi J, Chernoff A, Snydman DR, Freeman RB, Rohrer RJ, Haug CE. Aspergillus brain abscess after liver transplantation with long-term survival. A case report. Transplantation 57: 1669-72, 1994.
69. George D, Kordick D, Miniter P, Patterson TF, Andriole VT. Combination therapy in experimental invasive aspergillosis. J Infect Dis 168: 692-8, 1993.
70. George MJ, Snydman DR, Werner BG, Griffith J, Falagas ME, Dougherty NN, Rubin RH, Boston Center for Liver Transplantation CMVIG Study Group. The independent role of cytomegalovirus as a risk factor for invasive fungal disease in orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Am J Med 103: 106-13, 1997.
71. Goodman JL, Winston DJ, Greenfield PH, Chandrasekar PH, Fox B, Kaizer H, Shadduck RK, Shea TC, Stiff P, Friedman DJ, Powderly WG, Silber JL, Horowitz H, Lichtin A, Wolff SN, Mangan SF, Silver SM, Weisdorf D, Ho WG, Gilbert G, Buell D. A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 326: 845-51, 1992.
72. Graham DA, Kinyoun JL, George DP. Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis after lung transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol 119: 107-9, 1995.
73. Grauhan O, Lohmann R, Lemmens P, Schattenfroh N, Keck H, Klein E, Raakow R, Jonas S, Langrehr JM, Bechstein W, Blumhardt G, Neuhaus P. Fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. Arch Chir 379: 372-5, 1994.
74. Graybill JR, Ahrens J. Itraconazole treatment of murine aspergillosis. J Med Vet Mycol 23: 219-23, 1985.
75. Green M, Wald ER, Tzakis A, Todo S, Starzl TE. Aspergillosis of the CNS in a pediatric liver transplant recipients: Case report and review. Rev Infect Dis 13: 653-7, 1991.
76. Guillemain R, Lavarde V, Amrein C, Chevalier P, Guinvarch A, Glotz D. Invasive aspergillosis after transplantation. Transplant Proc 27: 1307-9, 1995.
77. Gustafson TL, Schaffner W, Lavely GB, Stratton CW, Johnson HK, Hutcheson RH. Invasive aspergillosis in renal transplant recipients: Correlation with corticosteroid therapy. J Infect Dis 148: 230-5, 1983.
78. Habicht JM, Gratwohl A, Tamm M, Drewe J, Proske M, Stulz P. Diagnostic and therapeutic thoracic surgery in leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 113: 982-8, 1997.
79. Haramah LB, Schulman IL, Austin JH. Lung nodules and masses after cardiac transplantation. Radiology 188: 491-7, 1993.
80. Haydock DA, Trulock EP, Kaiser LR, Ettinger NA, Triantifollou AN, Ochoa LL, Pasque MK, Knight SR, Cooper JD. Lung transplantation. Analysis of 36 consecutive procedures performed over a 12 month period. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 103: 329-40, 1992.
81. Haynes K, Rogers TR. Retrospective evaluation of a latex agglutination test for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 670-4, 1994.
82. Heinz T, Perfect J, Schell W, Ritter E, Ruff G, Serafln D. Soft-tissue fungal infections: Surgical management of 12 immunocompromised patients. Plastic Reconstruct Surg 97: 1391-9, 1996.
83. Hertenstein B, Kern WV, Schmeiser T, Stefanic M, Bunjes D, Wiesneth M, Novotny J, Heimpel H, Arnold R. Low incidence of invasive fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation in patients receiving amphotericin B inhalations during neutropenia. Ann Hematol 68: 21-6, 1994.
84. Heussel CP, Kauczor HU, Heussel G, Fischer B, Mildenberger P, Thelen M. Early detection of pneumonia in febrile patients: Use of thin-section CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 169: 1347-53, 1997.
85. Hiemenz JW, Lister J, Anassie EJ. Emergency-use amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) in the treatment of patients with aspergillosis: Historical control comparison with amphotericin B . Blood 86: 849a, 1995.
86. Higenbottam T, Jackson M, Woolman P, Lowrey R, Wallwork J The cough response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water in heart-lung transplantation patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 140: 58-61, 1989.
87. Hoover M, Morgan ER, Kletzel M. Prior fungal infection is not a contraindication to bone marrow transplant in patients with acute leukemia. Med Pediatr Psychol 28: 268-73, 1997.
88. Hopkins CC, Weber DJ, Rubin RH. Invasive Aspergillus infection: possible non-ward common source within the hospital environment. J Hosp Infect 13: 19, 1989.
89. Hopwood V, Johnson EM, Cornish JM, Foot ABM, Evans EGV, Warnock DW. Use of the Pastorex Aspergillus antigen latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. J Clin Pathol 48: 210-3, 1995.
90. Horvath J, Dummer S, Lloyd J, Walker B, Merrill WH, Frist WH. Infection in the transplanted and native lung after single lung transplantation. Chest 104: 681-5, 1993.
91. Horvath JA, Dummer S. The use of respiratory-tract cultures in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Am J Med 100: 171-8, 1996.
92. Hostetler JS, Hanson LH, Stevens DA. Effect of cyclodextrin on the pharmacology of antifungal oral azoles. J Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: 1391-2, 1992.
93. Humphreys H, Johnson EM, Warnock DW. An outbreak of aspergillosis in a general ITU. J Hosp Infect 18: 167-177, 1991.
94. Hunt KE, Glasgow BJ. Aspergillus endophthalmitis. An unrecognized endemic disease in orthotopic liver transplantation. Ophthalmology 103: 757-67, 1996.
95. Husni R, Gordon S, Quereshi M, Arroliga A, Haug M, Kirby T, Avery R, Loangworth D. Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients. In: Program and Abstracts of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, New Orleans, LA, p 41, 1997.
96. International Chronic Granulomatous Disease Cooperative Study Group. A controlled trial of interferon gamma to prevent infection in chronic granulomatous disease. N Engl J Med 324: 509-16, 1991.
97. Ioannidis JPA, Snydman DR, Rohrer RJ, Freeman RB, Haug CE. Aspergillus fumigatus infections of a biloma. Clin Infect Dis 20: 1427-8, 1995.
98. Iwen PC, Davis JC, Reed EC, Winfield BA, Hinrichs SH. Airborne fungal spore monitoring in a protective environment during hospital construction and correlation with an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 15: 303-6, 1994.
99. Iwen PC, Reed EC, Armitage JO, Bierman PJ, Kessinger A, Vose JM, Arneson MA, Winfield BA, Woods GL. Nosocomial invasive aspergillosis in lymphoma patients treated with bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 14: 131-9, 1993.
100. Iwen PC, Rupp ME, Hinrichs SH. Invasive mold sinusitis: 17 cases in immunocompromised patients and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 24: 1178-84, 1997.
101. Jantunen E, Ruutu P, Niskanen L, Volin L, Parkkali T, Koukilakahkola P, Ruutu T. Incidence and risk factors for invasive fungal infections in allogeneic BMT recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 19: 801-8, 1997.
102. Jeffery GM, Beard MD, Ikram J, Chua J, Allen JR, Heaton DC, Hart DN, Schousboe MI. Intranasal amphotericin B reduces the frequency of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. Am J Med 90: 685-92, 1991.
103. Jezequel SG, Clark M, Evans K, Roffey S, Wastall P, Webster R. UK-109,496, a novel, wide-spectrum triazole derivative for the treatment of fungal infections: Disposition in animals. In: Program and Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 126, 1995.
104. Johnson TM, Kurup VP, Resnick A, Ash RC, Fink JN, Kalbfleisch J. Detection of circulating Aspergillus fumigatus antigen in bone marrow transplant patients. J Lab Clin Med 114: 700-7, 1989.
105. Joly V, Aubry P, Ndayiragide A, Carriere I, Kawa E, Mlika-Cabanne N, Aboulker J-P, Couland J-P, Larouze B, Yeni P. Randomized comparison of amphotericin B deoxycholate dissolved in dextrose or intralipid for the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 23: 556-62, 1996.
106. Jules-Elysee K, Stover DE, Yahalom J, White DA, Gulati SC. Pulmonary complications in lymphoma patients treated with high-dose therapy autologous bone marrow transplantation. Am J Respir Dis 146: 485-91, 1992.
107. Kagen SL. Aspergillus: An inhalable contaminant of marihuana [letter]. N Engl J Med 304: 483, 1981.
108. Kanj SS, Tapson V, Davis D, Madden J, Browning I. Infections in patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. Chest 112: 924-30, 1997.
109. Kanj SS, Welty-Wolf K, Madden J, Tapson V, Baz MA, David RD, Perfect JR. Fungal infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Medicine (Baltimore) 75: 142-56, 1996.
110. Kappe R, Schulze-Berge A, Sonntag HG. Evaluation of eight antibody tests and one antigen test for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Mycoses 39: 13-23, 1996.
111. Keating MR, Guerrero MA, Daly RC, Walker RC, Davies SF. Transmission of invasive aspergillosis from a subclinically infected donor to three different organ transplant recipients. Chest 109: 1119-24, 1996.
112. Kennedy CA, Adams GL, Neglia JP, Giebink GS. Impact of surgical treatment on paranasal fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 116: 610-6, 1997.
113. Kennedy MS, Deeg HJ, Siegel M, Crowley JJ, Storb R, Thomas ED. Acute renal toxicity with combined use of amphotericin B and cyclosporine after marrow transplantation. Transplantation 35: 211-5, 1983.
114. Kessler R, Massard G, Warter A, Wihlm JM, Weitzenblum E. Bronchialpulmonary artery fistula after unilateral lung transplantation: A case report. J Heart Lung Transplant 16: 674-7, 1997.
115. Khoury H, Adkins D, Miller G, Goodnough L, Brown R, Dipersio J Resolution of invasive central nervous system aspergillosis in a transplant recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant 20: 179-80, 1997.
116. Klimowski LL, Rotstein C, Cummings KM. Incidence of nosocomial aspergillosis in patients with leukemia over a twenty-year period. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 10: 299-305, 1989.
117. Kramer MR, Denning DW, Marshall SE, Ross DJ, Berry G, Lewiston NJ, Stevens DA, Theodore J Ulcerataive tracheobronchitis after lung transplantation. Am J Respir Dis 144: 552-6, 1991.
118. Kramer MR, Marshall SE, Denning DW. Drug interactions between cyclosporin and itraconazole in heart-lung and lung transplant recipients with fungal disease. Ann Intern Med 113: 327-9, 1990.
119. Kramer MR, Merin G, Rudis E, Bar I, Nesher T, Bublil M, Milgalter E. Dose adjustment and cost of itraconazole prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine and tacrolimus (FK506). Transplant Proc 29: 2657-9, 1997.
120. Kuhlman JE, Fishman EK, Siegelman SS. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia: Characteristic findings on CT, the CT halo sign and the role of CT in early diagnosis. Radiology 157: 611-8, 1985.
121. Kusne S, Dummer JS, Singh N, Ho M. Infections after liver transplantation: An analysis of 101 consecutive cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 67: 132-43, 1988.
122. Kusne S, Torre-Cisneros J, Manez R, Irish W, Martin M, Fung JJ, Simmons RL, Starzl TE. Factors associated with invasive lung aspergillosis and the significance of positive Aspergillus culture after liver transplantation. J Infect Dis 166: 1379-83, 1992.
123. Leenders ACAP, de Marie S, ten Kate MT, Bakker-Woudenberg IAJM, Verbrugh HA. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) reduces dissemination of infection as compared with amphotericin B deoxycholate (Fungizone) in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 38: 215-25, 1996.
124. Leenders ACAP, Reiss P, Portegies P, Clezy K, Hop WCJ, Hoy J, Borleffs JCC, Allworth AM, Kauffmann RH, Jones P, Kroon FP, Verbrugh HA, Demarie S. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 11: 1463-71, 1997.
125. Lentino JR, Rosenkranz MA, Michaels JA, Kurup VP, Rose HD, Rytel MW. Nosocomial aspergillosis. A retrospective review of airborne disease secondary to road construction and contaminated air conditioners. Am J Epidemiol 116: 430-7, 1982.
126. Levine MS, Shpiner RB, Waters PF, Kubak BM. Analysis of antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: A460, 1995.
127. Liles WC, Huang JE, van Burik JA, Bowden RA, Dale DC. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administered in vivo augments neutrophil-mediated activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens. J Infect Dis 175: 1012-5, 1997.
128. Logan PM, Muller NL. High-resolution computed tomography and pathologic findings in pulmonary aspergillosis-a pictorial essay. J Assoc Can Radiol 47: 444-52, 1996.
129. Longman LP, Martin MV. A comparison of the efficacy of itraconazole, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in the treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis in the rabbit. J Antimicrob Chemother 20: 719-24, 1987.
130. Loo VG, Bertrand C, Dixon C, Vitye D, DeSalis B, Mclean APH, Brox A, Robson HG. Control of construction-associated nosocomial aspergillosis in an antiquated hematology unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 17: 360-4, 1996.
131. Lumbrerase C, Cuervas-Mons V, Jara P, del Palacio A, Turrion VS, Barrios C, Moreno E, Noriega AR, Paya CV. Randomized trial of fluconazole versus nystatin for the prophylaxis of Candida infection following liver transplantation. J Infect Dis 174: 583-8, 1996.
132. Makimura K, Murayama SY, Yamaguchi H. Detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction. J Med Microbiol 40: 358-64, 1994.
133. Manso E, Montillo M, De Sio G, D'Amico S, Discepoli G, Leoni P. Value of antigen and antibody detection in the serological diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 756-60, 1994.
134. Maranes A, Portoles J, Blanco J, Torrente J, Herrero J, Coronel F, Marron B, Barrientos A. Aspergillus infection of a renal allograft without evidence of a site of origin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 11: 1639-42, 1996.
135. Marks WH, Florence L, Lieberman J, Chapman P, Howard D, Roberts P, Perkinson D. Successfully treated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with smoking marijuana in a renal transplant recipient. Transplantation 61: 1771-4, 1996.
136. Martin MV, Yates J, Hitchcock CA. Comparison of voriconazole (UK-109,496) and itraconazole in prevention and treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis in guinea pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 13-6, 1997,
137. Martino R, Lopez R, Sureda A, Brunet S, Domingoalbos A. Risk of reactivation of a recent invasive fungal infection in patients with hematological malignancies undergoing further intensive chemo-radiotherapy-A single-center experience and review of the literature. Haematologica 82: 297-304, 1997.
138. Martino R, Nomdedeu J, Altes A, Sureda A, Brunet S, Martinez C, Domingo-Albos A. Successful bone marrow transplantation in patients with previous invasive fungal infections: Report of four cases. Bone Marrow Transplant 13: 265-9, 1994.
139. Maurer JR, Tullis DE, Grossman RF, Vellend H, Winton TL, Patterson GA. Infectious complications following isolated lung transplantation. Chest 101: 1056-9, 1992.
140. Mazza D, Gugenheim J, Toouli J, Mouiel J. Survival of liver graft recipient treated for an aspergillar liver abscess. Clin Infect Dis 23: 831-2, 1996.
141. McCalmont TH, Silverman JF, Geisinger KR. Cytologic diagnosis of aspergillosis in cardiac transplantation. Arch Surg 126: 394-6, 1991.
142. McDougall JC, Vigeswaran WT, Peters SG, Marshall WT, McGregor CG. Fungal infection of the contralateral native lung after single lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 56: 176-8, 1993.
143. McWhinney PHM, Kibbler CC, Hamon MD, Smith OP, Gandhi L, Berger LA, Walesby RK, Hoffbrand AV, Prentice HG. Progress in the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis in bone marrow transplantation: 13 years' experience. Clin Infect Dis 17: 397-404, 1993.
144. Mehta J, Kelsey S, Chu P, Powles R, Hazel D, Riley U, Evans C, Newland A, Treleaven J, Singhal S. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) for the treatment of confirmed or presumed fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 20: 39-43, 1997.
145. Melchers WJ, Verweij PE, van den Hurk P, Van Blekum A, De Pauw BE, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA, Meis JF. General primer-mediated PCR for detection of Aspergillus species. J Clin Microbiol 32: 1710-7, 1994.
146. Michailov G, Laporte JP, Lesage S, Fouillard L, Isnard F, Noel-Walter MP, Jouet J, Najman A, Gorin NC. Autologous bone marrow transplantation is feasible in patients with a prior history of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 17: 569-72, 1996.
147. Mills SA, Seigler HF, Wolfe WG. The incidence and management of pulmonary mycosis in renal allograft patients. Ann Surg 182: 617-26, 1975.
148. Mills W, Chopra R, Linch DC, Goldstone AH. Liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of fungal infections in neutropenic patients: a single centre experience of 133 episodes in 116 patients. Br J Haematol 86: 754-60, 1994.
149. Mori M, Galvin JR, Barloon TJ, Gingrich RD, Stanford W. Fungal pulmonary infections after bone marrow transplantation: evaluation with radiography and CT. Radiology 178: 721-6, 1991.
150. Morrison VA, Haake RJ, Weisdorf DJ Non-Candida fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation: Risk factors and outcome. Am J Med 96: 497-503, 1994.
151. Mrowka C, Heintz B, Weis J, Mayfrank L, Reul J, Sieberth HG. Isolated cerebral aspergilloma-long-term survival of a renal transplant recipient. Clin Nephrol 47: 394-6, 1997.
152. Munoz P, Torre J, Bouza E, Moreno A, Echaniz A, Fortun J, Lumbreras C, Aguado JM, Losada I, Cuervas V, Gurgui M, Cisneros JM, Montejo M, Farinas C. Invasive aspergillosis in transplant recipients. A large multicentric study. In: Program and Abstracts of the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (New Orleans). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 242, 1996.
153. Murphy M, Bernard EM, Ishimaru T, Armstrong D. Activity of Voriconazole (UK-109,496) against clinical isolates of Aspergillus species and its effectiveness in an experimental model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41: 696-8, 1997.
154. Nadeem I, Yeldandi V, Sheridan P, McCabe MA, Husain A, Montoya A, Garrity ER Jr. Efficacy of itraconazole prophylaxis for aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients. In: Program and Abstracts of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, New Orleans, LA, p 58A, 1997.
155. Nemuniatis J, Meyers JD, Buckner CD, Shannon-Dorcy K, Mori M, Shulman M, Bianco JA, Higans CS, Groves E, Storb R. Phase I trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with invasive fungal infections. Blood 78: 907-13, 1991.
156. Ng TTC, Denning DW. Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) therapy in invasive fungal infections: Evaluation of United Kingdom compassionate use data. Arch Intern Med 155: 1093-8, 1995.
157. O'Donnell M, Schmidt GM, Tegtmeir BR, Faucett C, Fahey JL, Ito J, Nademanee A, Niland J, Parker P, Smith EP. Prediction of systemic fungal infection in allogeneic marrow recipients: Impact of amphotericin prophylaxis in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol 12: 827-34, 1994.
158. Offner F, Cordonnier C, Ljungman P, Prentice G, Engelhard D, De Bacquer D, Meunier F, De Pauw BE. Impact of previous aspergillosis on the outcome of bone marrow transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 26: 1098-103, 1998.
159. Oppenheim BA, Herbrecht R, Kusne S. The safety and efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion in the treatment of invasive mycoses. Clin Infect Dis 21: 1145-53, 1995.
160. Overberger PA, Wadowsky RM, Schaper MM. Evaluation of airborne particulates and fungi during hospital renovation. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 56: 706-12, 1995.
161. Oyen WJG, Claessens RAMJ, Raemaekers JMM, De Pauw BE, Van der Meer JWM, Corstens FHM. Diagnosing infection in febrile granulocytopenic patients with indium-111-labeled human immunoglobulin. J Clin Oncol 10: 61-8, 1992.
162. Pannuti C, Gingrich RD, Pfaller MA, Kao C, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients having bone marrow transplantation: Attributable mortality and risk factors. Cancer 69: 2653-62, 1992.
163. Papanicolaou GA, Meyers BR, Fuchs WS, Guillory SL, Mendelson MH, Sheiner P, Emre S, Miller C. Infectious ocular complications in orthotopic liver transplant patients. Clin Infect Dis 24: 1172-7, 1997.
164. Paradis IL, Williams P. Infection after lung transplantation. Semin Respir Infect 8: 207-15, 1993.
165. Paradowski LJ Saprophytic fungal infections and lung transplantation-revisited. J Heart LungTransplant 16: 524-31, 1997.
166. Patel R, Portella D, Badley AD, Harmsen WS, Larson-Keller JJ, Ilstrup DM, Keating MR, Wiesner RH, Krom RA, Paya CV. Risk factors of invasive Candida and non-Candida fungal infections after liver transplantation. Transplantation 62: 926-34, 1996.
167. Paterson DL. Aspergillus. In: Yu VL, ed. Antimicrobial therapy and vaccines. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, pp 1021-50, 1999.
168. Paterson DL, Dominguez E, Chang FY, Snydman DR, Singh N. Infective endocarditis in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 26: 689-94, 1998.
169. Paterson DL, Singh N. Interactions between tacrolimus and antimicrobial agents. Clin Infect Dis 25: 1430-40, 1997.
170. Paterson DL, Singh N, Gayowski T, Marino IR. Pulmonary nodules in liver transplant recipients. Medicine (Baltimore) 77: 50-8, 1998.
171. Patterson JE, Zidouh A, Miniter P, Andriole VT, Patterson TF. Hospital epidemiologic surveillance for invasive aspergillosis: Patient demographics and the utility of antigen detection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 18: 104-8, 1997.
172. Patterson TF, Kirkpatrick WR, Mcatee RK. The efficacy of voriconazole in guinea pig model of disseminated invasive aspergillosis. In: Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Tornoto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 29, 1997.
173. Patterson TF, Kirkpatrick WR, Mcatee RK, Loebenberg D. Efficacy of SCH 56592 in a rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. In: Program and Abstracts of the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (New Orleans). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 116, 1997.
174. Patterson TF, Peters J, Levine SM, Anzueto A, Bryan CL, Sako EY, Miller OL, Calhoon JH, Rinaldi MG. Systemic availability of itraconazole in lung transplantation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40: 2217-20, 1996.
175. 2-blocker threrapy. In: Program and Abstracts of the 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 39, 1994.
176. Perfect JR, Klotman ME, Gilbert CC, Crawford DD, Rosner GL. Prophylactic intravenous amphotericin B in neutropenic autologous bone marrow transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 165: 891-7, 1992.
177. Petraitis V, Petraitiene R, Groll AH, Bell A, Callender DP, Sein T, Schaufele RL, McMillian CL, Bacher J, Walsh TJ. Antifungal efficacy, safety and single-dose pharmacokinetics of LY 303 366, a novel echinocandin B, in experimental pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently neutropenic rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42: 2898-2905, 1998.
178. Philpott-Howard, J Prevention of fungal infections in hematology patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 17: 545-51, 1996.
179. Pla MP, Berenguer J, Arzuaga JA, Banares R, Polo JR, Bouza E. Surgical wound infection by Aspergillus fumigatus in liver transplant recipients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 15: 703-6, 1992.
180. Podzimkova M, Gebauerova M, Malek I, Pirk J, Stanek V, Urbanova D, Vrubel J. Infectious complications in patients after heart transplantation. Cor Vasa 35: 263-6, 1993.
181. Polak, A. Combination therapy of experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and wangiellosis in mice. Chemotherapy 33: 381-95, 1987.
182. Polak A, Scholer HJ, Wall M. Combination therapy of experimental candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in mice. Chemotherapy 28: 461-79, 1982.
183. Polo JM, Fabrega E, Casefont F, Farinas MC, Salesa R, Vazquez A, Berciano J. Treatment of cerebral aspergillosis after liver transplantation. Neurology 42: 1817-9, 1992.
184. Prentice AG, Warnock DW, Johnson SAN, Phillips MJ, Oliver DA. Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of an oral solution of itraconazole in autologous bone marrow transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother 34: 247-52, 1994.
185. Prentice AG, Warnock DW, Johnson SAN, Taylor PC, Oliver DA. Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of an oral solution of itraconazole in patients receiving chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 36: 657-63, 1995.
186. Primack SL, Hartman TE, Lee KS, Muller NL. Pulmonary nodules and the CT halo sign. Radiology 190: 513-5, 1994.
187. Putnam JB, Dignani C, Mehra RC, Annaissie EJ, Morice RC, Libshitz HI. Acute airway obstruction and necrotizing tracehobronchitis from invasive mycosis. Chest 106: 1265-7, 1994.
188. Rabito FJ, Pankey GA, Infections in orthotopic heart transplant patients at the Ochsner Medical Institutions. Med Clin North Am 76: 1125-34, 1992.
189. Reichenspurner H, Gamberg P, Nitschke M, Valantine H, Hunt S, Oyer PE, Reitz BA. Significant reduction in the number of fungal infections after lung-, heart-lung, and heart transplantation using aerosolized amphotericin B prophylaxis. Transplant Proc 29: 627-8, 1997.
190. Rhame FS. Prevention of nosocomial aspergillosis. J Hosp Infect 18: 466-72, 1991.
191. Richard C, Romon I, Baro J, Insunza A, Loyola I, Zurbano F, Tapia M. Invasive pulmonary aspesrgillosis prior to BMT in acute leukemia patients does not predict a poor outcome. Bone Marrow Transplant 12: 237-41, 1993.
192. Rifkind D, Marchioro TL, Schneck SA, Hill RB. Systemic fungal infections complicating renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical, microbiologic, neurologic and pathologic features. Am J Med 43: 28-38, 1967.
193. Riley DK, Pavia A, Beatty PG, Petersen FB, Spruance JL, Stokes R, Evans TG. The prophylactic use of low-dose amphotericin B in bone marrow transplant patients. Am J Med 97: 509-14, 1994.
194. Robinson LA, Reed EC, Galbraith TA, Alonso A, Moulton AL, Fleming WH. Pulmonary resection for invasive Aspergillus infections in immunocompromised patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 109: 1182-97, 1995.
195. Rohrlich P, Sarfati J, Mariani P, Duval M, Saint-Martin CA, Bingen C, Latge JP, Vilmer E. Prospective sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum galactomannan: Early predictive value and clinical use in invasive aspergillosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15: 232-7, 1996.
196. Roilides E, Blake C, Holmes A, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma prevent dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression of antifungal monocyte activity against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. J Med Vet Mycol 34: 63-9, 1996.
197. Roilides E, Holmes A, Blake C, Venzon D, Pizzo PA. Antifungal activity of elutriated human monocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae: enhancement by branulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma. J Infect Dis 170: 894-9, 1994.
198. Roilides E, Uhlig K, Venzon D, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Enhancement of oxidative response and damage caused by human neutrophils to Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon. Infect Immun 61: 1185-93, 1993.
199. Roilides E, Uhlig K, Venzon D, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Prevention of corticosteroid-induced suppression of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced damage of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon. Infect Immun 61: 4870-7, 1993.
200. Rousey SR, Russler S, Gottlieb M, Ash RC. Low-dose araphotericin B prophylaxis against invasive Aspergillus infection in allogeneic marrow transplantation. Am J Med 484-92, 1991.
201. Sandhu GS, Kline BC, Stockman L, Roberts GD. Molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections. J Clin Microbiol 33: 2913-9, 1995.
202. Sartin JS, Wilhelm MP, Keating MR, Batts K, Krom RAF. A case of Aspergillus fumigatus peritonitis complicating liver transplantation. Eur J Clin Micobiol Infect Dis 13: 25-8, 1994.
203. Saugier-Veber P, Devergie A, Sulahian A, Ribaud P, Traore F, Bordeau-Esperou H, Gluckman E, Derouin F. Epidemiology and diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in bone marrow transplant patients: results of a 5 year retrospective study. Bone Marrow Transplant 12: 121-4, 1993.
204. Savage DG, Taylor P, Blackwell J, Chen F, Szydlo RM, Rule SAJ, Spencer A, Apperley JF, Goldman JM. Paranasal sinusitis following allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 19: 55-9, 1997.
205. Schaffner A, Bohler A. Amphotericin B refractory aspergillosis after intraconazole: Evidence for significant antagonism. Mycoses 36: 421-4, 1993.
206. Schwartz S, Milatovic D, Thiel E. Successful therapy of cerebral aspergillosis with a novel triazole (Voriconazole) in a patient with acute leukemia. Br J Haematol 97: 663-5, 1997.
207. Scott JP, Fradet G, Smyth RL, Mullins P, Pratt A, Clelland CA, Higgenbottam T, Wallwork J. Prospective study of transbronchial biopsies in the management of heart-lung and single lung transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 10: 626-36, 1991.
208. Scroggs MW, Wolfe JA, Bollinger RR, Sanfilippo F. Causes of death in renal transplant recipients. A review of autopsy findings from 1966 through 1985. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111: 983, 1987.
209. Selby R, Ramirez CB, Singh R, Kleopoulos I, Kusne S, Starzl TE, Fung JJ. Brain abscess in solid organ transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. Arch Surg 132: 304-10, 1997.
210. Severens JL, Donnelly JP, Meis JFGM, De Vries Robbe PF, De Pauw BE, Verweij PE. Two strategies for managing invasive aspergillosis: a decision analysis. Clin Infect Dis 25: 1148-54, 1997.
211. Sheretz RJ, Belani A, Kramer BS. Impact of air filtration on nosocomial Aspergillus infections. Unique risk of bone marrow transplant recipients. Am J Med 83: 709, 1987.
212. Shreeniwas R, Schulman IL, Berkmen YM, McGregor CC, Austin JHM. Opportunistic bronchopulmonary infections after lung transplantation-clinical and radiographic findings. Radiology 200: 349-56, 1996.
213. Siberry GK, Costarangos C, Cohen BA. Destruction of the nasal septum by Aspergillus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 333: 275-6, 1997.
214. Sievers TM, Kubak BM, Wong-Beringer A. Safety and efficacy of Intralipid emulsions of amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother 38: 333-47, 1996.
215. Singh N, Arnow PM, Bonham A, Dominguez E, Paterson DL, Pankey GA, Wagener MM, Yu VL. Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients in the 1990s. Transplantation 64: 716-20, 1997.
216. Singh N, Bonham A, Dominguez EA, Fukui M, Pankey GA, Paterson DL, Fung JJ. Central nervous system lesions in liver transplant recipients: prospective assessment of indications for biopsy and implications for management. In: Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 242, 1997.
217. Slavin MA, Osborne B, Adams R, Levenstein MJ, Schoch HG, Feldman AR, Meyers JD, Bowden RA. Efficacy and safety of fluconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections after marrow transplantation-a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Infect Dis 171: 1545-52, 1995.
218. Smith JG, Abruzzo GK, Gill CJ, Flattery AM, Kong L, Rosen H, Kropp H, Bartizal K. Evaluation of pneumocandin L-743872 in neutropenic mouse models of disseminated candidiasis and aspergillosis. In: Program and Abstracts of the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 107, 1996.
219. Steffen R, Reinhartz O, Blumhardt G, Bechstein WO, Raakow R, Langrehr JM, Rossaint R, Slama K, Neuhaus P. Bacterial and fungal colonization and infections using oral selective bowel decontamination in orthotopic liver transplantations. Transplant Int 7: 101-8, 1994.
220. Stevens DA, Yee JY. Analysis of compassionate use itraconazole therapy for invasive aspergillosis by the NIAID mycoses study group criteria. Arch Intern Med 157: 1857-62, 1997.
221. Stiller MJ, Teperman L, Rosenthal SA, Riordan A, Potter J, Shupack JL, Gordon MA. Primary cutaneous infection by Aspergillus ustus in a 62-year-old liver transplant recipient. J Am Acad Dermatol 31: 344-7, 1994.
222. Sulahian A, Tabouret M, Ribaud P, Sarfati J, Gluckman E, Latge JP, Derouin F. Comparison of an enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination test for detection of galactomannan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15: 139-145, 1996.
223. Swanink CMA, Meis JFGM, Rijs AJMM, Donnelly JP, Verweij PE. Specificity of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Aspergillus galactomannan. J Clin Microbiol 35: 257-60, 1997.
224. Swenson CE, Bolsack LE, Perkins WR, Janoff AS. Lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother 35: 709-11, 1995.
225. Taillandier J, Alemanni M, Cerrina J, Laduri FL, Dartevelle P. Aspergillus osteomyelitis after heart-lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 16: 436-8, 1997.
226. Tam JY, Hamed KA, Blume K, Prober CG. Use of itraconazole in treatment of prevention of invasive aspergillosis in bone marrow transplant recipients. In: Program and Abstracts of the 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 813, 1993.
227. Tang CM, Cohen J, Rees AJ, Holden DW. Molecular epidemiology of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a renal transplant unit. Eur J Clin Micobiol Infect Dis 13: 318-21, 1994.
228. Tang CM, Holden DW, Aufauvre-Brown A, Cohen J. The detection of Aspergillus spp. by the polymerase chain reaction and its evaluation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 148: 1313-7, 1993.
229. Tazelar HD, Baird AM, Mill M, Grimes MM, Schulman IL, Smith CR. Bronchocentric mycosis occurring in transplant recipients. Chest 96: 92-5, 1989.
230. Todeschini G, Murari GC, Bonesi R, Pizzolo G, Amaddi G, Ambrosetti A, Ceru S, Placentini I, Martini N, Montresor P, Perona G. Oral itraconazole plus nasal amphotericin B for prophylaxis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12: 614-8, 1993.
231. Tollemar J, Hockerstedt K, Ericzon BG, Jalanko H, Ringden O. Liposomal amphotericin B prevents invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 59: 45-50, 1995.
232. Tollemar J, Hockerstedt K, Ericzon BG, Jalanko H, Ringden O. Prophylaxis with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) prevents fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: Long-term results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Transplant Proc 27: 1195-8, 1995.
233. Tollermar J, Holmberg K, Ringden O, Lonnqvist B. Surveillance tests for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Scand J Infect Dis 21: 205-12, 1989.
234. Tollemar J, Ringden O, Anderson S, Sundberg B, Ljungman P, Tyden G. Randomized double-blind study of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 12: 577-82, 1993.
235. Tollemar J, Ringden O, Bostrom L, Nilsson B, Sundberg B. Variables predicting deep fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 4: 635-41, 1989.
236. Tomee JFC, Mannes PM, van der Bij W, van der Werf I, de Boer WJ, Koeter GH, Kauffman HK. Serodiagnosis and monitoring of Aspergillus infections after lung transplantation. Ann Intern Med 125: 197-201, 1996.
237. Tricot G, Joosten E, Boogaerts MA, Vande Pitte J, Cauwenbergh G. Ketoconazole vs. itraconazole for antifungal prophylaxis in patients with severe granulocytopenia: Preliminary results of two nonrandomized studies. Rev Infect Dis 9: 594-9, 1987.
238. Trigg ME, Morgan D, Burns TL, Kook H, Rumelhart SL, Hoida MD, Giller RH. Successful program to prevent Aspergillus infections in children undergoing marrow transplantation: Use of nasal amphotericin. Bone Marrow Transplant 19: 43-7, 1997.
239. Troy KM, Cuttner J 1993. Itraconazole prevents invasive fungal disease in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Blood 82: 549a, 1993.
240. Trull AK, Parker J, Warren RE. IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: retrospective study over 15 years of transplant recipients. J Clin Pathol 38: 1045-51, 1985.
241. Tutschka PJ, Beschorner WE, Hesse M, Santos GW. Cyclosporin-A to prevent graft-versus-host disease: A pilot study in 22 patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplants. Blood 61: 318-25, 1983.
242. Van Cutsem J, Janssen PAJ. In vitro and in vivo models to study the activity of antifungals against Aspergillus. In: Vanden Bossche H, Mackenzie DWR, Cauwenbergh G, eds. Itraconazole. New York: Plenum Press, pp 215-7, 1988.
243. Verscharaegen CF, Vanbesien KW, Dignani C, Hester JP, Andersson BS, Anaissie E. Invasive Aspergillus sinusitis during bone marrow transplantation. Scand J Infect Dis 29: 436-8, 1997.
244. Verweij PE, Dompeling EC, Donnelly JP, Schattenberg AV, Meis JF. Serial monitoring of Aspergillus antigen in the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Preliminary investigations with two examples. Infection 25: 86-9, 1997.
245. Verweij PE, Donnelly JP, Kullberg BJ, Meis JF, DePauw BE. Amphotericin B versus amphotericin B plus 5-flucytosine: poor results in the treatment of proven systemic mycoses in neutropenic patients. Infection 22: 81-5, 1994.
246. Verweij PE, Latge JP, Rijs AJ, Melchers WJ, De Pauw BE, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA, Meis JF. Comparison of antigen detection and PCR assay using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients receiving treatment for hematological malignancies. J Clin Microbiol 33: 3150-3, 1995.
247. Verweij PE, Oakley KL, Morrissey J, Morrissey G, Denning DW. Efficacy of LY 303 366 against amphotericin B susceptible and resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42: 873-78, 1998.
248. Verweij PE, Rijs AJ, De Pauw BE, Horrevorts AM, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA, Meis JF. Clinical evaluation and reproducibility of the Pastorex Aspergillus antigen latex agglutination test for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. J Clin Pathol 48: 474-6, 1995.
249. Verweij PE, Stynen D, Rijs AJ, De Pauw BE, Hoogkamp-Korstanje JA, Meis JF. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with Pastorex latex agglutination test for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1912-4, 1995.
250. von Eiff M, Roos N, Schulten R, Hesse M, Zuhlsdorf M, van de Loo J. Pulmonary aspergillosis: Early diagnosis improves survival. Respiration 62: 341-7, 1995.
251. Wade J, Rolando N, Hayllar K, Philpott-Howard J, Casewell MW, Williams R. Bacterial and fungal infections after liver transplantation: An analysis of 284 patients. Hepatology 21: 1328-36, 1995.
252. Wagner JA, Ross H, Hunt S, Gambeg P, Valantine H, Merigan TC, Sunson EB. Prophylactic ganciclovir treatment reduces fungal as well as cytomegalovirus infections after heart transplantation. Transplantation 60: 1473-7, 1995.
253. Wald A, Leisenring W, van Burik J, Bowden RA. Epidemiology of Aspergillus infections in a large cohort of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis 175: 1459-66, 1997.
254. Walsh TJ, Bodensteiner D, Hiemenez JW, Thaler S, Greenberg R, Arndt C, Holcenberg J, Schwartz C, Pappas P, Dummer JS, Marsh R, Schuster M, Siebel N, The Mycoses Study Group, The Empirical Antifungal Study Group. A randomized double-blind trial of AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) versus amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of persistently febrile neutropenic patients. In: Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, p 381, 1997.
255. Walsh TJ, Francesconi A, Kasai M, Chanock SJ. PCR and single-strand conformational polymorphism for recognition of medically important opportunistic fungi. J Clin Microbiol 33: 3216-20, 1995.
256. Walsh TJ, Hiemenz JW, Siebel NL, Perfect JR, Horwith G, Lee L, Silber JL, Dinubile MJ, Reboli A, Bow E, Lister J, Anaissie EJ. Amphotericin B lipid complex for invasive fungal infections - analysis of safety and efficacy in 556 cases. Clin Infect Dis 26: 1383-96, 1998.
257. Warnock DW, Foot ABM, Johnson EM, Mitchell SB, Cornish JM, Oakhill A. Aspergillus antigen latex test for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Lancet 338: 1023-4, 1991.
258. Weems JJ, David BJ, Tablan OC, Kaufman L, Martone WJ. Construction activity: An independent risk factor for invasive aspergillosis and zygomycosis in patients with hematologic malignancy. Infect Control 8: 71-3, 1987.
259. Weiland D, Ferguson RM, Peterson PK, Snover DC, Simmons RL, Najarian JS. Aspergillosis in 25 renal transplant patients. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. Ann Surg 198: 622-9, 1983.
260. Westney GE, Kesten S, De Hoyos A, Chapparro C, Winton T, Maurer JR. Aspergillus infection in single and double lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 61: 915-9, 1996.
261. White MH, Wingard JR, Gurwith M, Du Mond C, Mamelok RD, Bowden RA. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion vs. amphotericin B as therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 24: 635-42, 1997.
262. Wijdicks EF, de Groen PC, Wiesner RH, Krom RA. Intracerebral hemorrhage in liver transplant recipients. Mayo Clin Proc 70: 443-6, 1995.
263. Wimperis JZ, Baglin TP, Marcus RE, Warren RE. An assessment of the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow autografts. Bone Marrow Transplant 8: 363-7, 1991.
264. Wingard JR, Beals SU, Santos GW, Merz WG, Saral R. Aspergillus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2: 175-81, 1987.
265. Winston DJ, Gale RP, Meyer DV, Young LS. Infectious complications of human bone marrow transplantation. Medicine (Baltimore) 58: 1-31, 1979.
266. Wong A, Waters CM, Walesby RK. Surgical management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 6: 138-43, 1992.
267. Woods GL, Wood RP, Shaw BW. Aspergillus endocarditis in patients without prior cardiovascular surgery: Report of a case in a liver transplant recipient and review. Rev Infect Dis 11: 263-72, 1989.
268. Yee GC, Kennedy MS, Deeg HJ, Leonard TM, Thomas ED, Storb R. Cyclosporine-associated renal dysfunction in marrow transplantat recipients. Transplant Proc 17: 196-201, 1985.
269. Yeldandi V, McCabe MA, Larson R, O'Keefe P, Husalin A, Montoya A, Garrity ER. Aspergillus and lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 14: 883-90, 1995.
270. Yuen KY, Woo PCY, Ip MSM, Liang RHS, Chiu EKW, Siau H, Ho PL, Chen FFE, Chan TK Stage-specific manifestation of mold infections in bone marrow transplant recipients-risk factors and clinical significance of positive concentrated smears. Clin Infect Dis 25: 37-42, 1997.