Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention. Volume 3: Prevention of colon cancer in the United States

Cancer Causes and Control

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 167-180

  Tomeo, C A ^a   Colditz, G A ^a   Willett, W C ^a   Giovannucci, E ^a   Platz, E ^a   Rockhill, B ^a   Dart, H ^a   Hunter, D J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Colon cancer; Colorectal cancer; Prevention; Screening

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; FOLIC ACID; HORMONE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ADENOMATOUS POLYP; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CANCER SCREENING; COLON CANCER; DIET; DIETARY FIBER; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EXERCISE; FAMILIAL CANCER; FEMALE; FRUIT; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH PROMOTION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MALE; MEAT; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; SMOKING; UNITED STATES; VEGETABLE; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

ADULT; AGED; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; DIET; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033036281     PISSN: 09575243     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1017117109568     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Landis S, Murray T, Bolden S, et al. (1998) Cancer Statistics, CA Cancer J Clin 48: 6-29.
2. Ries L, Kosary C, Hankey B, et al. (1998) SEER Cancer Statistics, 1973-1995, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
3. Kosary C, Ries L, Miller B, et al. (1995) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1992: Tables and Graphs, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
4. Fearon E, Vogelstein B (1990) A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61: 759-767.
5. Winawer SJ, Fletcher RH, Miller L, et al. (1997) Colorectal cancer screening: Clinical guidelines and rationale. Gastroenterology 112: 594-642.
6. US Preventive Services Task Force (1996) Guide to Clinical Preventive Services. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. pp. 89-103.
7. Winawer S, Zauber A, Diaz B (1987) The National Polyp Study: Temporal sequence of evolving colorectal cancer from the normal colon (abstr). Gastrointest Endosc 33: A167.
8. Stryker S, Wolff B, Culp C, et al. (1997) Natural history of untreated colonic polyps. Gastroenterology 93: 1009-1013.
9. Burt R, Bishop D, Cannon L, et al. (1985) Dominant inheritance of adenomatous colonic polyps and colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 312: 1540-1544.
10. Atkin W, Morson B, Cuzick J (1992) Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after excision of rectosigmoid adenomas. N Engl J Med 326: 658-662.
11. Muto T, Bussey H, Morson B (1975) The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 36: 2251-2270.
12. Bedenne L, Faivre J, Boutron M (1992) Adenoma-carcinoma sequence or 'de novo' carcinogenesis? A study of adenomatous remnants in a population-based series of large bowel cancers. Cancer 69: 883-888.
13. Eide T (1983) Remants of adenomas in colorectal carcinomas. Cancer 5: 1866-1872.
14. Winawer S, Zauber A, Ho M, et al. (1993) Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. N Engl J Med 329: 1977-1981.
15. Muller A, Sonnenberg A (1995) Prevention of colorectal cancer by flexible endoscopy and polypectomy: A case-control study of 32,702 veterans. Ann Int Med 123: 904-910.
16. Lynch H, Smyrk T (1996) Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cancer 78: 1149-1167.
17. Schottenfeld D, Winawer S (1996) Cancers of the large intestine. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni J, eds. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 813-840.
18. Aaltonen L, Salovaara R, Kristo P, et al. (1998) Incidence of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and the feasibility of molecular screening for the disease. N Engl J Med 338: 1481-1487.
19. Ahsan H, Neugut A, Garbowski G, et al (1998) Family history of colorectal adenomatous polyps and increased risk for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 900-905.
20. Fuchs C, Giovannucci E, Colditz G, et al. (1994) A prospective study of family history and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 331: 1669-1674.
21. Colditz GA, Cannuscio CC, Frazier AL (1997) Physical activity and reduced risk of colon cancer: Implications for prevention. Cancer Causes Control 8: 649-667.
22. Garabrandt D, Peters J, Mack R (1984) Job activity and colon cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 119: 1005-1014.
23. Slattery M, Schumacher M, Smith K (1988) Physical activity, diet, and risk of colon cancer in Utah. Am J Epidemiol 128: 989-999.
24. Gehardsson de Verdier M, Steineck G, Hagman U (1990) Physical activity and colon cancer: A case-referent study in Stockholm. Int J Cancer 46: 985-989.
25. Whittemore A, Wu-Williams A, Lee M (1990) Alcohol, physical activity, and other risk factors for colorectal cancer: A prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 915-926.
26. Giovanucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, et al. (1995) Physical activity, obesity, and risk for colon cancer and adenoma in men. Ann Intern Med 122: 327-334.
27. Martinez ME, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D. et al. (1997) Leisure-time physical activity, body size, and colon cancer in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 89: 948-955.
28. Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1996) Physical activity, obesity, and risk of colorectal adenoma in women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 7: 253-263.
29. Kahn H, Tatham L, Thun M, et al. (1998) Risk factors for self-reported colon polyps. J Gen Intern Med 13: 303-310.
30. Kune G, Kune S, Watson L (1990) Body weight and physical activity as predictors of colorectal cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 13: 9-17.
31. Lee H, Gourley L, Duffy S, et al. (1989) Colorectal cancer and diet in an Asian population: A case-control study among Singapore Chinese. Int J Cancer 43: 1007-1016.
32. Lee I, Paffenbarger R, Hsieh C (1991) Physical activity and risk of developing colorectal cancer among college alumni. J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 1324-1329.
33. Colditz G, DeJong D, Hunter D, et al. (1996) Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention. Volume I. Causes of human cancer. Cancer Causes Control 7: 1-59.
34. McKeown-Eyssen G (1994) Epidemiology of colorectal cancer revisited: Are serum triglycerides and/or plasma glucose associated with risk? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 3: 687-695.
35. Giovannucci E (1995) Insulin and colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control 6: 164-179.
36. Potter J (1997) Food, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Washington DC: American Institute for Cancer Research, pp. 216-251.
37. Giovannucci E, Goldin B (1997) The role of fat, fatty acids, and total energy intake in the etiology of human colon cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 66: 1564S-15671S.
38. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. (1990) Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in a prospective study among women. N Engl J Med 323: 1664-1672.
39. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1994) Intake of fat, meat, and fiber in relation to risk of colon cancer in men. Cancer Res 54: 2390-2397.
40. Giovannucci E (1995) Fat and colon cancer. Cerin Symposium (December 2 & 3, 1995): Nutrition & Cancer. Paris: Cerin, pp. 41-63.
41. Giovannucci E, Willett WC (1994) Dietary factors and risk of colon cancer. Ann Med 26: 443-452.
42. Schiffman M, Andrews A, Van Tassell R, et al. (1989) Case-control study of colorectal cancer and fecal mutagenicity. Cancer Res 49: 3420-3424.
43. Gehardsson de Verdier M, Hagman U, Peters R (1991) Meat, cooking methods and colorectal cancer: A case-referent study in Stockholm. Int J Cancer 49: 520-525.
44. White E, Shannon J, Patterson R (1997) Relationship between vitamin and calcium supplement use and colon cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6: 769-774.
45. Giovannucci E, Stampfer M, Colditz G, et al. (1998) Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Ann Intern Med 129: 517-524.
46. Hall J, Solehdin F (1998) Folic acid: It's good preventive medicine. Contemporary Pediatrics 15: 119-136.
47. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, et al. (1995) Alcohol, low-methionine-low-folate diets, and risk of colon cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 265-273.
48. Martinez M, Willett W (1998) Calcium, vitamin D, and colorectal cancer: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7: 163-168.
49. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD (1991) Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology. Cancer Causes Control 2: 325-357.
50. Thun M, Calle E, Namboordiri M, et al. (1992) Risk Factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 1491-1500.
51. Steinmetz K, Kushi L, Bostick R, et al. (1994) Vegetables, fruit and colon cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 139: 1-15.
52. Willett WC (1995) Diet, nutrition, and avoidable cancer. Environ Health Perspec 103 [Suppl 8]: 165-170.
53. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD (1991) Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. II. Mechanisms. Cancer Causes Control 2; 427-442.
54. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. (1993) Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 875-884.
55. Giovannucci E, Martinez ME (1996) Tobacco, colorectal cancer, and adenomas: A review of the evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 1717-1730.
56. Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1994) A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in US women. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 192-199.
57. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1994) A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in US men. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 183-891.
58. Heineman E, Zahm S, McLaughlin J, et al. (1995) Increased risk of colorectal cancer among smokers: Results of a 26-year follow-up of US veterans and a review. Int J Cancer 59: 728-738.
59. Nyren O, Bergstrom R, Nystrom L, et al. (1996) Smoking and colorectal cancer: A 20-year follow-up study of Swedish construction workers. J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 1302-1307.
60. Giovannucci E (1998) Aspirin use and risk of colorectal cancer. Journal of Irish Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons 27: 234-237.
61. Rosenberg L, Palmer J, Zauber A, et al. (1991) A hypothesis: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the incidence of large-bowel cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 355-358.
62. Giovannucci E, Egan KM, Hunter DJ, et al. (1995) Aspirin and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. N Engl J Med 333: 609-614.
63. Grodstein F, Newcomb P, Stampfer M (1999) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and colorectal cancer: A review and meta-analysis. Am J Med, in press.
64. Calle E, Miracle-McMahill H, Thun M, et al. (1995) Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal colon cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 517-523.
65. Grodstein F, Martinez ME, Platz EA, et al. (1998) Postmenopausal hormone use and risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma. Ann Intern Med 128: 705-712.
66. Jacobs E, White E, Weiss N (1994) Exogenous hormones, reproductive history, and colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control 5: 359-366.
67. Furner S, Davis F, Nelson R, et al. (1989) A case-control study of large bowel cancer and hormone exposure in women. Cancer Res 49: 4936-4940.
68. Franceschi S, Bidoli E, Talamini R, et al. (1991) Colorectal cancer in Northeast Italy: Reproductive, menstrual and female hormone-related factors. Eur J Cancer 27: 604-608.
69. Chute C, Willett W, Colditz G, et al. (1991) A prospective study of reproductive history and exogenous estrogens on the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Epidemiology 2: 201-207.
70. Bostick RM, Potter JD, Kushi LH, et al. (1994) Sugar, meat, and fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 5: 38-52.
71. Martinez ME, Grodstein F, Giovannucci E, et al. (1997) A prospective study of reproductive factors, oral contraceptive use, and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6: 1-5.
72. McMichael A, Potter J (1980) Reproduction, endogenous and exogenous sex hormones and colon cancer: A review and hypothesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 65: 1201-1207.
73. Issa J, Ottaviano Y, Celano P, et al. (1994) Methylation of the estrogen receptor CpG island links aging and neoplasisa in human colon. Nat Genet 7: 536-540.
74. Colditz G (1998) Relationship between estrogen levels, use of hormone replacement therapy, and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 814-23.
75. LaVecchia C, Tavani A, Franeeschi S, et al. (1996) Oral contraceptives and cancer. A review of the evidence. Drug Saf 14: 260-272.
76. Vessey MP, Painter R (1995) Endometrial and ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives findings in a large cohort study. Br J Cancer 71: 1340-1342.
77. Westhoff C (1996) Ovarian cancer. Annu Rev Public Health 17: 85-96.
78. Platz E, Willett W, Colditz G, et al. (1998) Proportion of colon cancer and adenoma risk in US men that is potentially preventable. Presented at the APHA Epidemiology Oral Exchange Late-Breaker Session. 126th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, Washington DC, November 15-19.
79. US Department of Health and Human Services (1996) Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
80. Slesinski M, Subar A, Kahle L. (1995) Trends in use of vitamin and mineral supplements in the United States: The 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys. J Am Diet Assoc 95: 921-923.
81. Eddy DM (1990) Screening for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 113: 373-384.
82. Towler B, Irwig L, Glasziou P, et al. (1998) A systematic review of the effects of screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, hemoccult. BMJ 317: 559-565.
83. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. (1993) Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med 328: 1365-1371.
84. Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, et al. (1996) Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet 348: 1467-1471.
85. Hardcastle J, Chamberlain J, Robinson M, et al. (1996) Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet 348: 1472-1477.
86. Devessa S, Chow W (1993) Variation in colorectal cancer incidence in the United States by subsite of origin. Cancer 71: 3819-3826.
87. Kavanaugh A, Giovannucci E, Fuchs C, et al. (1998) Screening endoscopy and risk of colorectal cancer in United States men. Cancer Causes Control 9: 455-462.
88. Newcomb PA, Norfleet RG, Storer BE, et al. (1992) Screening sigmoidoscopy and colorectal cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 84; 1572-1575.
89. Muller A, Sonnenberg A (1995) Protection by endoscopy against death from colorectal cancer: A case-control study among veterans. Arch Intern Med 155: 1741-1748.
90. Selby J, Friedman G, Quesenberry C, et al. (1992) A case-control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 326: 653-657.
91. Vernon SW (1997) Participation in colorectal cancer screening: A review. J Natl Cancer Inst 89: 1406-1422.
92. Fiore M, Bailey W, Cohen S. Smoking Cessation. Clinical Practice Guideline No 18. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
93. Kottke T, Battista R, DeFriese G, et al. (1988) Attributes of successful smoking cessation interventions in medical practices: A meta-analysis of 39 controlled trials. J Am Med Assoc 259: 2883-2895.
94. Colditz G, DeJong W, Emmons K, et al. (1997) Harvard report on cancer prevention. Vol. 2. Prevention of human cancer. Cancer Causes Control 8: 1-50.
95. National Center for Health Statistics (1996) Health, United States, 1995. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service.
96. Serdula M, Coates R, Byers T, et al. (1995) Fruit and vegetable intake among adults in 16 states: Results of a brief telephone survey. Am J Public Health 85: 236-239.
97. Centers for Disease Control (1997) Cigarette smoking among adults United States, 1995. MMWR 46: 1217-1220.
98. McGovern P, Pankow J, Shabar E, et al. (1996) Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 334: 884-890.
99. Whittemore A, Harris R, Itnyre J, et al. (1992) Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: Collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Am J Epidemiol 136: 1184-1203.
100. Cramer D, Hutchinson G, Welch W, et al. (1983) Determinants of ovarian cancer risk. I. Reproductive experiences and family history. J Natl Cancer Inst 71: 711-716.
101. Centers for Disease Control (1996) Screening for colorectal cancer United States, 1992-1993, and New Guidelines. MMWR 45: 106-110.
102. Slattery M, Kerber R (1994) Family history of cancer and colon cancer risk: The Utah population database. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 1618-1625.
103. de Dombal F (1993) Inflammatory Bowel Disease. New York: Oxford University Press.