The natural course of atherosclerosis part I: Incidence and progression

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 1484-1490

  Kiechl, Stefan ^a   Willeit, Johann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Atherothrombosis; Carotid arteries; Population study

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0033028780     PISSN: 10795642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.19.6.1484     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Pearson TA. Coronary arteriography in the study of the epidemiology of coronary artery disease. Epidemiol Rev. 1984;6:140-166.
2. Hennerici M, Aulich A, Sandmann W, Freund HJ. Incidence of asymptomatic extracranial arterial disease. Stroke. 1981;12:750-758.
3. Roederer GO, Langlois YE, Jager KA, Primozich JF, Beach KW, Phillips DJ, Strandness DE Jr. The natural history of carotid arterial disease in asymptomatic patients with cervical bruits. Stroke. 1984;15:605-613.
4. Autret A, Pourcelot L, Saudeau D, Marchai C, Bertrand P, de Boisvilliers S. Stroke risk in patients with carotid stenosis. Lancet. 1987;1:888-890.
5. Young W, Gofman JW, Tandy R, Malamud N, Waters ESG. The quantification of atherosclerosis. Ill: the extent of correlation of degrees of atherosclerosis within and between the coronary and cerebral vascular beds. Am J Cardiol. 1960;6:300-308.
6. Solberg LA, McGarry PA, Moossy J, Strong JP, Tejada C, Loken AC. Severity of atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries, coronary arteries, and aortas. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1968;149:956-973.
7. Craven TE, Ryu JE, Espeland MA, Kahl FR, McKinney WM, Toole JF, McMahan MR, Thompson CJ, Heiss G, Crouse JR. Evaluation of the associations between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis: a case-control study. Circulation. 1990;82:1230-1242.
8. Wofford JL, Kahl FR, Howard GR, McKinney WM, Toole JF, Crouse JR. Relation of extent of extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis as measured by B-mode ultrasound to the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991;11:1786-1794.
9. Bots ML, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Common carotid intima-media thickness and lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:1885-1891.
10. The ARIC Investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129: 687-702.
11. Fine-Edelstein JS, Wolf PA, O'Leary DH, Poehlman H, Belanger AJ, Kase CS, D'Agostino RB. Precursors of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the Framingham Study. Neurology. 1994;44:1046-1050.
12. Salonen R, Seppänen K, Rauramaa R, Salonen JT. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland. Arteriosclerosis. 1988;8:788-792.
13. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Wolfson SK Jr, Bond MG, Bommer W, Sheth S, Psaty BM, Sharrett AR, Manolio TA. Use of sonography to evaluate carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1991;22:1155-1163.
14. Bots ML, Breslau PJ, Briet E, de Bruyn AM, von Vliet HH, van den Ouweland FA, de Jong PT, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Cardiovascular determinants of carotid artery disease: the Rotterdam Elderly Study. Hypertension. 1992;19:717-720.
15. Bonithon-Kopp C, Touboul PJ, Berr C, Leroux C, Mainard F, Courhon D, Ducimetière P. Relation of intima-media thickness to atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries: the Vascular Aging (EVA) Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:310-316.
16. Willeit J, Kiechl S. Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic extracranial carotid atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993;13:661-668.
17. Bluth EI, Stavros AT, Marich KW, Wetzner SM, Aufrichtig D, Baker JD. Carotid duplex sonography: a multicenter recommendation for standardized imaging and Doppler criteria. Radiographics. 1988;8:487-506.
18. Breslow NE, Day NE. The design and analysis of cohort studies. In: Breslow NE, Day NE, eds. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol 2. New York: Oxford University Press; 1987.
19. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons: 1988.
20. Kiechl S, Aichner F, Gerstenbrand F, Egger G, Mair A, Rungger G, Spögler F, Jarosch E, Oberhollenzer F, Willeit J. Body iron stores and presence of carotid atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:1625-1630.
21. Kiechl S, Willeit J, Egger G, Poewe W, Oberhollenzer F. Body iron stores and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study. Circulation. 1997;96:3300-3307.
22. Gillum RF. Body iron stores and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1997;96: 3261-3263.
23. Xu Q, Willeit J, Marosi M, Kleindienst R, Oberhollenzer F, Kiechl S, Stulnig T, Luef G, Wick G. Association of serum antibodies to heat-shock protein 65 with carotid atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1993;341:255-259.
24. Davies MJ, Bland JM, Hangartner JRW, Angelini A, Thomas AC. Factors influencing the presence or absence of acute coronary artery thrombi in sudden ischemic death. Eur Heart. 1989;10:203-208.
25. Falk E. Unstable angina with fatal outcome: dynamic coronary thrombosis leading to infarction and/or sudden death: autopsy evidence of recurrent mural thrombosis with peripheral embolization culminating in total vascular occlusion. Circulation. 1985;71:699-708.
26. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:242-250, 310-318.
27. Badimon JJ, Fuster V, Chesebro JH, Badimon L. Coronary atherosclerosis: a multifactorial disease. Circulation. 1993;87:11-3-11-16.
28. Margitic SE, Bond MG, Crouse JR, Furberg CD, Probstfield JL. Progression and regression of carotid atherosclerosis in clinical trials. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:114-119.
29. Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr. Applegate WB, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Hartwell T, Hunninghake DB, Lefkowitz DS, Prostfield J, Riley WA, Youns B. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation. 1994;90:1679-1687.
30. Crouse JR, Byington RP, Bond MG, Espeland MA, Craven TE. Sprinkle JW, McGovern ME, Furberg CD. Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:455-459.
31. Blankenhorn DH, Selzer RH, Crawford DW, Barth JD, Liu CH, Mack WJ, Alaupovic P. Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on the common carotid artery: two- and four-year reduction of intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound. Circulation. 1993;88:22-28.