Aggressive risk factor management in the elderly: Are you ever too old?

American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 72-79

  Rich, Michael W ^a  

^a BARNES JEWISH HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONFERENCE PAPER; CORONARY RISK; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING;

EID: 0033005170     PISSN: 10767460     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (41)

1. Pasternak RC, Grundy SM, Levy D, et al. 27th Bethesda Conference: Matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force 3. Spectrum of risk factors for coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:978-990.
2. Forrester JS, Merz CN, Bush TL, et al. 27Th Bethesda Conference: Matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force 4. Efficacy of risk factor management. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:991-1006.
3. Kannel WB, Wilson PWF. An update on coronary risk factors. Med Clin North Am. 1995;79:951-971.
4. Harris T, Cook EF, Kannel WB, et al. Proportional hazards analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals aged 65 or older. The Framingham Heart Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36:1023-1028.
5. Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, et al. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994;309:901-911.
6. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. Smoking cessation in relation to total mortality rates in women. A prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:992-1000.
7. Abbott RD, Yin Y, Reed DM, et al. Risk of stroke in male cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:717-720.
8. Gourlay SG, Benowitz NL. The benefits of stopping smoking and the role of nicotine replacement therapy in older patients. Drugs Aging. 1996;9:8-23.
9. Hermanson B, Omenn GS, Kronmal RA, et al. and participants in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. Beneficial six-year outcome of smoking cessation in older men and women with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1365-1369.
10. Boyd NR. Smoking cessation: A four-step plan to help older patients quit. Geriatrics. 1996; 51:52-57.
11. Giovino GA, Schooley MW, Zhu BP, et al. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors: United States, 1900-1994. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1994;43:1-43.
12. The Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline Panel and Staff. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline. JAMA. 1996;275:1270-1280.
13. Cummings SR, Rubin SM, Oster G. The cost effectiveness of counseling smokers to quit. JAMA. 1989;261:75-79.
14. Law M, Tang JL. An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1933-1941.
15. Burt A, Thornley P, Illingworth D, et al. Stopping smoking after myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1974;1:304-306.
16. Morgan GD, Noll EL, Orleans CT, et al. Reaching midlife and older smokers: Tailored interventions for routine medical care. Prev Med. 1996;25: 346-354.
17. Henningfield JE. Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1196-1203.
18. Joseph AM, Norman SM, Ferry LH, et al. The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1792-1798.
19. Hurt RD, Sachs DPL, Glover ED, et al. A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1195-1202.
20. Burt VL, Cutler JA, Higgins M, et al. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population. Data from the health examination surveys, 1960-1991. Hypertension. 1995;26:60-69.
21. Wilking SV, Belanger A, Kannel WB, et al. Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 1988;260:3451-3455.
22. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2413-2446.
23. Management Committee. Treatment of mild hypertension in the elderly. Med J Aust. 1981;II:398-402.
24. Amery A, Birkenhager W, Brixko P, et al. Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly Trial. Lancet. 1985;I:1349-1354.
25. Coope J, Warrender TS. Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. BMJ. 1986;293:1145-1151.
26. Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hannson L, et al. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet. 1991;338:1281-1285.
27. MRC Working Party. Medical Research Council Trial of Treatment of Hypertension in Older Adults: Principal results. BMJ. 1992;304:405-412.
28. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. JAMA. 1979;242:2562-2571.
29. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. II. Mortality by race, sex and age. JAMA. 1979;242:2572-2577.
30. The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: Final results of SHEP. JAMA. 1991;265:3255-3264.
31. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet. 1997;350:757-764.
32. Kostis JB, Davis BR, Cutler J, et al. Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1997;278:212-216.
33. Johnson CL, Rifkind BM, Sempos CT, et al. Declining serum total cholesterol levels among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. JAMA. 1993;269:3002-3008.
34. LaRosa JC. Triglycerides and coronary risk in women and the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:961-968.
35. LaRosa JC, Applegate W, Crouse JR, et al. Cholesterol lowering in the elderly. Results of the Cholesterol Reduction in Seniors Program (CRISP) pilot study. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:529-539.
36. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
37. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009.
38. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349-1357.
39. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301-1307.
40. Kannel WB, Wilson PWF, Moser M, et al. What older adults should know about high cholesterol. A Position Paper from the Society of Geriatric Cardiology. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 1998;7:43-44.
41. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Summary of the Second Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015-3023.