메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 492-497

Education and incident Alzheimer's disease: A biased association due to selective attrition and use of a two-step diagnostic procedure?

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Education; Incidence; Mini Mental State Examination; Selective attrition

Indexed keywords

DISEASE PREVALENCE; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0032994661     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/28.3.492     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 0025306076 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of age, gender, and education
    • Zhang M, Katzman R, Salmon D et al. The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: impact of age, gender, and education. Ann Neurol 1990;27:428-37.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 428-437
    • Zhang, M.1    Katzman, R.2    Salmon, D.3
  • 2
    • 0026340592 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population: Relationship with age, sex, and education
    • Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Forsell Y et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population: relationship with age, sex, and education. Neurology 1991;41:1886-92.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1886-1892
    • Fratiglioni, L.1    Grut, M.2    Forsell, Y.3
  • 3
    • 0028821051 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in Taiwan: A community survey of 5297 individuals
    • Liu HC, Lin KN, Teng EL et al. Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in Taiwan: a community survey of 5297 individuals. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:144-49.
    • (1995) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.43 , pp. 144-149
    • Liu, H.C.1    Lin, K.N.2    Teng, E.L.3
  • 4
    • 0028914970 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Association with education. The Rotterdam study
    • Ott A, Breteler MMB, Van Harskamp F et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam Study. Br Med J 1995;310:970-73.
    • (1995) Br Med J , vol.310 , pp. 970-973
    • Ott, A.1    Breteler, M.M.B.2    Van Harskamp, F.3
  • 6
    • 0026476054 scopus 로고
    • Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and education, occupation, marital status, or living arrangement
    • Beard CM, Kokmen E, Offord KP, Kurland LT. Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and education, occupation, marital status, or living arrangement. Neurology 1992;42:2063-68.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 2063-2068
    • Beard, C.M.1    Kokmen, E.2    Offord, K.P.3    Kurland, L.T.4
  • 7
    • 0028864636 scopus 로고
    • The effect of education on the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham study
    • Cobb JL, Wolf PA, Au R, White R, D'Agostino RB. The effect of education on the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study. Neurology 1995;45:1707-12.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1707-1712
    • Cobb, J.L.1    Wolf, P.A.2    Au, R.3    White, R.4    D'Agostino, R.B.5
  • 8
    • 84942481063 scopus 로고
    • Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
    • Stern Y, Gurland B, Tatemichi TK, Tang MX, Wilder D, Mayeux R. Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. JAAM 1994;271:1004-10.
    • (1994) JAAM , vol.271 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Stern, Y.1    Gurland, B.2    Tatemichi, T.K.3    Tang, M.X.4    Wilder, D.5    Mayeux, R.6
  • 9
    • 0030731549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and other measures of socioeconomic status and risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a defined population of older persons
    • Evans DA, Hebert LE, Beckett LA et al. Education and other measures of socioeconomic status and risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a defined population of older persons. Arch Neurol 1997;54:1399-1405.
    • (1997) Arch Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 1399-1405
    • Evans, D.A.1    Hebert, L.E.2    Beckett, L.A.3
  • 10
    • 0030850540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with higher education? A replication study
    • Geerlings MI, Deeg DJH, Schmand B, Lindeboom J, Jonker C. Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with higher education? A replication study. Neurology 1997;49:798-802.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 798-802
    • Geerlings, M.I.1    Deeg, D.J.H.2    Schmand, B.3    Lindeboom, J.4    Jonker, C.5
  • 11
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-98.
    • (1975) J Psychiatr Res , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 12
    • 0026646174 scopus 로고
    • The mini-mental state examination: A comprehensive review
    • Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The Mini-Mental State Examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:922-35.
    • (1992) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.40 , pp. 922-935
    • Tombaugh, T.N.1    McIntyre, N.J.2
  • 13
    • 0027367816 scopus 로고
    • Are age and education independent correlates of the mini-mental state exam performance of community-dwelling elderly?
    • Launer LJ, Dinkgreve MAHM, Jonker C, Hooijer C, Lindeboom J. Are age and education independent correlates of the Mini-Mental State Exam performance of community-dwelling elderly? J Gerontol 1993; 48:271-77.
    • (1993) J Gerontol , vol.48 , pp. 271-277
    • Launer, L.J.1    Dinkgreve, M.A.H.M.2    Jonker, C.3    Hooijer, C.4    Lindeboom, J.5
  • 14
    • 0017098499 scopus 로고
    • A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly. The geriatric mental state schedule: I. Development and reliability
    • Copeland JRM, Kelleher MJ, Kellett JM et al. A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule: I. Development and reliability. Psychol Med 1976;6:439-49.
    • (1976) Psychol Med , vol.6 , pp. 439-449
    • Copeland, J.R.M.1    Kelleher, M.J.2    Kellett, J.M.3
  • 15
    • 0017141135 scopus 로고
    • A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly. The geriatric mental state schedule: II. A factor analysis
    • Gurland BJ, Fleiss JL, Goldberg K et al. A semi-structured clinical interview for the assessment of diagnosis and mental state in the elderly. The Geriatric Mental State Schedule: II. A factor analysis. Psychol Med 1976;6:451-59.
    • (1976) Psychol Med , vol.6 , pp. 451-459
    • Gurland, B.J.1    Fleiss, J.L.2    Goldberg, K.3
  • 16
    • 0026021221 scopus 로고
    • A standardized interview for the elderly (GMS): Reliability studies comparing the Dutch language version with the original
    • Hooijer C, Jonker C, Dewey ME, Van Tilburg W, Copeland JRM. A standardized interview for the elderly (GMS): reliability studies comparing the Dutch language version with the original. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1991;6:71-79.
    • (1991) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.6 , pp. 71-79
    • Hooijer, C.1    Jonker, C.2    Dewey, M.E.3    Van Tilburg, W.4    Copeland, J.R.M.5
  • 17
    • 0016090785 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a ten-question mental test in the institutionalized elderly
    • Qureshi KN, Hodkinson HM. Evaluation of a ten-question mental test in the institutionalized elderly. Age Ageing 1974;3:152-57.
    • (1974) Age Ageing , vol.3 , pp. 152-157
    • Qureshi, K.N.1    Hodkinson, H.M.2
  • 18
    • 84961055043 scopus 로고
    • Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged
    • Kahn RL, Goldfarb AI, Pollack M, Peck A. Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged. Am J Psychiatry 1960;117:326-29.
    • (1960) Am J Psychiatry , vol.117 , pp. 326-329
    • Kahn, R.L.1    Goldfarb, A.I.2    Pollack, M.3    Peck, A.4
  • 19
    • 0016837052 scopus 로고
    • A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients
    • Pfeiffer E. A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1975;23:433-41.
    • (1975) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.23 , pp. 433-441
    • Pfeiffer, E.1
  • 21
    • 0022700663 scopus 로고
    • Computerised psychiatric diagnosis in the elderly: AGECAT
    • Dewey ME, Copeland JRM. Computerised psychiatric diagnosis in the elderly: AGECAT. J Microcomput Appl 1986;9:135-40.
    • (1986) J Microcomput Appl , vol.9 , pp. 135-140
    • Dewey, M.E.1    Copeland, J.R.M.2
  • 22
    • 0022580368 scopus 로고
    • A computerized psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT
    • Copeland JRM, Dewey ME, Griffiths-Jones HM. A computerized psychiatric diagnostic system and case nomenclature for elderly subjects: GMS and AGECAT. Psychol Med 1986;16:89-99.
    • (1986) Psychol Med , vol.16 , pp. 89-99
    • Copeland, J.R.M.1    Dewey, M.E.2    Griffiths-Jones, H.M.3
  • 23
    • 0023903603 scopus 로고
    • The geriatric mental state (GMS) used in the community: Replication studies of the computerized diagnosis AGECAT
    • Copeland JRM, Dewey ME, Henderson AS et al. The Geriatric Mental State (GMS) used in the community: replication studies of the computerized diagnosis AGECAT. Psychol Med 1988;18:219-23.
    • (1988) Psychol Med , vol.18 , pp. 219-223
    • Copeland, J.R.M.1    Dewey, M.E.2    Henderson, A.S.3
  • 24
    • 0029973385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective memory complaints may announce dementia
    • Schmand B, Jonker C, Hooijer C, Lindeboom J. Subjective memory complaints may announce dementia. Neurology 1996;46:121-25.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 121-125
    • Schmand, B.1    Jonker, C.2    Hooijer, C.3    Lindeboom, J.4
  • 26
    • 1642572165 scopus 로고
    • Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function
    • Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-19.
    • (1963) JAMA , vol.185 , pp. 914-919
    • Katz, S.1    Ford, A.B.2    Moskowitz, R.W.3    Jackson, B.A.4    Jaffe, M.W.5
  • 27
    • 0014579432 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living
    • Lawton PM, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-86.
    • (1969) Gerontologist , vol.9 , pp. 179-186
    • Lawton, P.M.1    Brody, E.M.2
  • 32
    • 0023905906 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: A subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques
    • Katzman R, Terry R, DeTeresa R et al. Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Ann Neurol 1988;23: 138-44.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 138-144
    • Katzman, R.1    Terry, R.2    DeTeresa, R.3
  • 33
    • 0027389516 scopus 로고
    • Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease
    • Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:13-20.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 13-20
    • Katzman, R.1
  • 34
    • 0031015435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premorbid brain size as a determinant of reserve capacity against intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease
    • Mori E, Hirono N, Yamashita H et al. Premorbid brain size as a determinant of reserve capacity against intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:18-24.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 18-24
    • Mori, E.1    Hirono, N.2    Yamashita, H.3
  • 35
    • 0027399408 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, education, and the ecology of Alzheimer's disease
    • Friedland RP. Epidemiology, education, and the ecology of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:246-49.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 246-249
    • Friedland, R.P.1
  • 36
    • 0030603535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15-Year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia
    • Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet 1996;347:1141-45.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1141-1145
    • Skoog, I.1    Lernfelt, B.2    Landahl, S.3
  • 37
    • 0031026879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam study
    • Hofman A, Ott A, Breteler MMB et al. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 1997;349:151-54.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 151-154
    • Hofman, A.1    Ott, A.2    Breteler, M.M.B.3
  • 39
    • 0027497730 scopus 로고
    • Educational attainment and coronary heart disease risk: The Framingham offspring study
    • Garrison RJ, Gold RS, Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Educational attainment and coronary heart disease risk: the Framingham Offspring Study. Prev Med 1993;22:54-64.
    • (1993) Prev Med , vol.22 , pp. 54-64
    • Garrison, R.J.1    Gold, R.S.2    Wilson, P.W.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 40
    • 0028231894 scopus 로고
    • Social inequity in risk of coronary artery disease in Ontario
    • Jaglal SB. Goel V. Social inequity in risk of coronary artery disease in Ontario. Can J Cardiol 1994;10:439-43.
    • (1994) Can J Cardiol , vol.10 , pp. 439-443
    • Jaglal, S.B.1    Goel, V.2
  • 41
    • 0031842604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of education on dementia occurrence in an Italian population with middle to high socioeconomic status
    • De Ronchi D, Fratiglioni L, Rucci P, Paternico A, Graziani S, Dalmonte E. The effect of education on dementia occurrence in an Italian population with middle to high socioeconomic status. Neurology 1998;50: 1231-38.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1231-1238
    • De Ronchi, D.1    Fratiglioni, L.2    Rucci, P.3    Paternico, A.4    Graziani, S.5    Dalmonte, E.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.