Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with higher education? A replication study

Neurology

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 798-802

  Geerlings, Mirjam I ^a,b   Deeg, D J H ^a,b   Schmand, B ^a   Lindeboom, J ^a,b   Jonker, C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK;

EID: 0030850540     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.49.3.798     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Zhang M, Katzman R, Salmon D, et al. The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: impact of age, gender, and education. Ann Neurol 1990;27:428-437.
2. Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Forsell Y, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population: relationship with age, sex, and education. Neurology 1991;41:1886-1892.
3. Katzman R. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1993;43:13-20.
4. Liu HC, Lin KN, Teng EL, et al. Prevalence and subtypes of dementia in Taiwan: a community survey of 5297 individuals. Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:144-149.
5. Ott A, Breteler MMB, Van Harskamp F, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam Study. BMJ 1995;310:970-973.
6. Prencipe M, Casini AR, Ferretti C, Lattanzio MT, Fiorelli M, Culasso F. Prevalence of dementia in an elderly rural population: effects of age, sex, and education. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:628-633.
7. Stern Y, Gurland B, Tatemichi TK, Tang MX, Wilder D, Mayeux R. Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 1994;271:1004-1010.
8. Stern Y, Alexander GE, Prohovnik I, Mayeux R. Inverse relationship between education and parietotemporal perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1992;32:371-375.
9. Stern Y, Alexander GE, Prohovnik I, et al. Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurology 1995;45:55-60.
10. Stern Y, Tang MX, Denaro J, Mayeux R. Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with more advanced educational and occupational attainment. Ann Neurol 1990; 37:590-595.
11. Feldman JJ, Makuc DM, Kleinman JC, Cornoni-Huntley J. National trends in educational differentials in mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:919-933.
12. Kromhout D, Doornbos G, Hoffmans MDAF. Food choice, life-style and mortality associated with education. (Voedselkeuze, leefwijze en sterfte in relatie tot opleiding.) T Soc Gezondheidsz 1988;66:345-348.
13. Appels A, Otten F, Mendes de Leon C, Sturmans F, Mulder P, Schuurman J. The KRIS follow-up study VII. Socio-economic status and health. (De KRIS follow-up studie VII. Sociaaleconomische status en gezondheid) T Soc Gezondheidsz 1990; 68:298-305.
14. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
15. Roth M, Huppert FA, Tym E, Mountjoy CQ. CAMDEX. The Cambridge examination for mental disorders of the elderly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
16. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-919.
17. Lawton PM, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self- maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-186.
18. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-944.
19. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 1958;53:457-481.
20. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc 1972; 34:187-220.
21. Manton KG, Poss SS, Wing S. The black/white mortality crossover: investigation from the perspective of the components of aging. Gerontologist 1979;19:291-300.
22. Guralnik JM, Land KC, Blazer D, Fillenbaum GG, Branch LG. Educational status and active life expectancy among older blacks and whites. N Engl J Med 1993;329:110-116.