Quantitation of gene expression by real-time PCR disproves a 'Retroviral hypothesis' for childhood-onset diabetes mellitus

Pediatric Research

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 57-60

  Knerr, Ina ^a   Reep, Reinald ^a   Dötsch, Jörg ^a   Gratzki, Nils ^a   Hänze, Jörg ^b   Kapellen, Thomas ^b   Rascher, Wolfgang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ERLANGEN   (Germany)

^b JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; POLYADENYLATED RNA; SUPERANTIGEN; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOME; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKOCYTE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROVIRUS;

EID: 0032980278     PISSN: 00313998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199907000-00010     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Tisch R, McDevitt H 1996 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cell 85:291-297
2. Conrad B, Weidmann E, Trucco G, Rudert WA, Ricordi C, Rodriguez-Rilo H, Finegold D, Trucco M 1994 Evidence for superantigen involvement in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus etiology. Nature 371:351-355
3. Fields BA, Malchiodi EL, Li H, Ysern X, Stauffacher CV, Schlievert PM, Karjalainen K, Mariuzza RA 1996 Crystal structure of a T-cell receptor β-chain complexed with a superantigen. Nature 384:188-192
4. Conrad B, Weissmahr RN, Böni J, Arcari R, Schüpbach J, Mach B 1997 A human candidate autoimmune gene in type I diabetes. Cell 90:303-312
5. 1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 330:87-92
6. Heid CA, Stevens J, Livak KJ, Williams PM 1996 Real time quantitative PCR. Genome Res 986:994
7. Löwer R, Löwer J, Kurth R 1996 The viruses in us: characteristics and biological significance of human endogenous retrovirus sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:5177-5184
8. Brodsky I, Foley B, Haines D, Johnston J, Cuddy K, Gillespie D 1993 Expression of HERV-K proviruses in human leukocytes. Blood 81:2369-2374
9. Krieg AM, Gourley MF, Klinman DM, Perl A, Steinberg AD 1992 Heterogenous expression and coordinate regulation of endogenous retroviral sequences in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AIDS Res Hum Retrovirol 8:1991-1998
10. Krieg AM, Gourley MF, Perl A 1992 Endogenous retroviruses: potential etiologic agents in autoimmunity. FASEB J 6:2537-2544
11. Simpson GR, Patience C, Löwer R, Tönjes RR, Moore HDM, Weiss RA, Boyd MT 1996 Endogenous D-type (HERV-K) related sequences are packaged into retroviral particles in the placenta and possess open reading frames for reverse transcriptase. Virology 222:451-456
12. Medstrand P, Blomberg J 1993 Characterization of novel reverse transcriptase encoding human endogenous retroviral sequences similar to type A and B retroviruses: differential transcription in normal human tissues. J Virol 67:6778-6787
13. Boller K, Janssen O, Schuldes H, Tönjes RR, Kurth R1997 Characterization of the antibody response specific for the human endogenous retrovirus HTDV/HERV-K. J Virol 71:4581-4588
14. Badenhoop K, Tönjes RR. Rau H, Donner H, Rieker W, Braun J, Herwig J, Mytilineos J, Kurth R, Usadel KH 1996 Endogenous retroviral long terminal repeats of the HLA-DQ region are associated with susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hum Immunol 50:103-110
15. Nepom GT, Kwok WW 1998 Molecular basis for HLA-DQ associations with IDDM. Diabetes 47:1177-1184
16. Murphy VJ, Harrison LC, Rudert WA, Luppi P, Trucco M, Fierabracci A, Biro PA, Bottazzo GF 1998 Retroviral superantigens and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cell 95:9-11
17. Löwer R, Tönjes RR, Boller K, Denner J, Kaiser B, Phelps RC, Löwer J, Kurth R, Badenhoop K, Donner H, Usadel KH, Miethke T, Lapatschek M, Wagner H 1998 Development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus does not depend on specific expression of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K. Cell 95:11-14
18. Lan MS, Mason A, Coutant R, Chen QY, Vargas A, Rao J, Gomez R, Chalew S, Garry R, Maclaren NK 1998 HERV-K10s and immune-mediated (type 1) diabetes. Cell 95:14-16
19. Conrad B 1998 In Response to Murphy et al., Löwer et al., Lan et al. Cell 95:16