A demonstration of classical conditioning of the human eyeblink to an olfactory stimulus

Physiology and Behavior

Volumn 66, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 689-693

  Moore, Anna Bacon ^a   Murphy, Claire ^b  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UCSD MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Classical conditioning; Learning; Memory; Olfaction

Indexed keywords

GERANIOL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONDITIONING; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY; NORMAL HUMAN; ODOR; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMELLING;

EID: 0032974863     PISSN: 00319384     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9384(99)00010-4     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Blaxton T.A., Zeffiro T.A., Gabrieli J.D., Bookheimer S.Y., Carrillo M.C., Theodore W.H., Disterhoft J.F. Functional mapping of human learning. A positron emission tomography activation study of eyeblink conditioning J. Neurosci. 16:1996;4032-4040.
2. Berger T.W., Rinaldi P.C., Weisz D.J., Thompson R.F. Single-unit analysis of different hippocampal cell types during classical conditioning of rabbit nictating membrane response. J. Neurophysiol. 50:1983;1197-1219.
3. Clark R.E., Lavond D.G. Neural activity in the trigeminal complex with interpositus or red nucleus inactivation during classical eyeblink conditioning. Behav. Neurosci. 110:1996;13-21.
4. Clark R.E., Squire L.R. Classical conditioning and brain systems. The role of awareness Science. 280:1998;77-81.
5. Disterhoft J.F., Coulter D.A., Alkon D.L. Conditioning-specific membrane changes of rabbit hippocampal neurons measured in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;2733-2737.
6. Doty R.L., Brugger W.E., Jurs P.C., Orndorff M.A., Snyder P.J., Lowry L.D. Intranasal trigeminal stimulation from odorous volatiles. Psychometric responses from anosmic and normal humans Physiol. Behav. 20:1978;175-185.
7. Ehrlichman H., Kuhl S.B., Zhu J., Warrenburg S. Startle reflex modulation by pleasant and unpleasant odors in a between-subjects design. Pyschophysiology. 34:1997;726-729.
8. Ehrlichman H., Kuhl S.B., Zhu J., Warrenburg S. Startle reflex modulation during exposure to pleasant and unpleasant odors. Pyschophysiology. 32:1995;150-154.
9. Ekman G., Berglund B., Berflund U. Perceived intensity of odor as a function of time of adaptation. Scand. J. Physiol. 8:1967;177-186.
10. Fan, R. J.; Hanson, B. S.: Olfactory memory and conditional discrimination in the moth Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 22: 1997.
11. Freeman W.J., Grajski K.A. Relation of olfactory EEG to behavior. Factor analysis Behav. Neurosci. 101:1987;766-777.
12. Gormezano I. Classical conditioning. Sidowski J.B. Experimental methods and instrumentation in psychology. 1966;385-420 McGraw-Hill, New York.
13. Herz R.S., Cupchik G.C. The emotional distinctiveness of odor-evoked memories. Chem. Senses. 20:1995;517-528.
14. Kim J.J., Clark R.E., Thompson R.F. Hippocampectomy impairs the memory of recently, but not remotely, acquired trace eyeblink conditioned responses. Behav. Neurosci. 109:1995;195-203.
15. Lewis J.L., LoTurco J.J., Solomon P.R. Lesions of the middle cerebellar peduncle disrupt acquisition and retention of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response. Behav. Neurosci. 101:1987;151-157.
16. Mauk M.D., Thompson R.F. Retention of classically conditioned eyelid responses following acute decerebration. Brain Res. 403:1987;89-95.
17. Meyers C.E., Gluck M.A. Cortico-hippocampal representations in simultaneous odor discrimination. A computational interpretation of Eichenbaum, Matthews, and Cohen (1989) Behavior. Neurosci. 110:1996;685-706.
18. Murphy C., Nordin S., de Wijk R.A., Cain W.S., Polich J. Olfactory-evoked potentials. Assessment of young and elderly, and comparison to psychophysical threshold Chem. Senses. 19:1994;47-56.
19. Nordholm A.F., Thompson J.K., Dersarkissian C., Thompson R.F. Lidocaine infusion in a critical region of cerebellum completely prevents learning of the conditioned eyeblink response. Behav. Neurosci. 107:1993;882-886.
20. Solomon P.R., Levine E., Bein T., Pendlebury W.W. Disruption of classical conditioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 12:1991;283-287.
21. Solomon P.R., Beal M.F., Pendlebury W.W. Age-related disruption of classical conditioning. A model systems approach to memory disorders Neurobiol. Aging. 9:1988;535-546.
22. Solomon P.R., Solomon S.D., Schaaf E.V., Perry E.H. Altered activity in the hippocampus is more detrimental to classical conditioning than removing the structure. Science. 220:1983;329-330.
23. Solomon P.R., Brett M., Groccia-Ellison M.E., Oyler C., Tomasi M., Pendlebury W.W. Classical conditioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A multiday study Psychol. Aging. 10:1995;248-254.
24. Solomon P.R., Groccia-Ellison M., Levine E., Blanchard S., Pendlebury W.W. Do temporal relationships in conditioning change across the life span? Perspectives from eyeblink conditioning in humans and rabbits. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 608:1990;212-238.
25. Solomon P.R., Pendlebury W.W. A model systems approach to the study of disorders of learning and memory. Neurobiol. Aging. 15:1994;283-286.
26. Solomon P.R., Pomerleau D., Bennett L., James J., Morse D.L. Acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response in humans over the life span. Psychol. Aging. 4:1989;34-41.
27. Steinmetz J.E., Lavond D.G., Ivkovich D., Logan C.G., Thompson R.F. Disruption of classical eyelid conditioning after cerebellar lesions. Damage to a memory trace system or a simple performance deficit J. Neurosci. 12:1992;4403-4426.
28. Steinmetz J.E., Sears L.L., Gabriel M., Kubota Y., Poremba A., Kang E. Cerebellar iterpositus nucleus lesions disrupt classical nictitating membrane conditioning but not discriminative avoidance learning in rabbits. Behav. Brain Res. 45:1991;71-80.
29. Thompson R.F. Classical conditioning. The Rosetta Stone for brain substrates of age-related deficits in learning and memory? Neurobiol. Aging. 9:1988;547-548.
30. Thompson R.F., Krupa D.J. Organization of memory traces in the mammalian brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17:1994;519-549.
31. Woodruff-Pak D.S. Aging and classical conditioning. Parallel studies in rabbits and humans Neurobiol. Aging. 9:1988;511-522.
32. Woodruff-Pak D.S., Thompson R.F. Classical conditioning of the eyelid response in rabbits as a model system for the study of brain mechanisms of learning and memory in aging. Exp. Aging Res. 11:1985;109-122.
33. Woodruff-Pak D.S., Papka M., Ivry R.B. Cerebellar involvement in eyeblink classical conditioning in humans. Neuropsychology. 10:1996;443-458.
34. Woodruff-Pak D.S., Logan C.G., Thompson R.F. Neurobiological substrates of classical conditioning across the life span. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 608:1990;150-178.
35. Woodruff-Pak D.S., Papka M. Alzheimer's disease and eyeblink conditioning. 750 ms trace vs. 400 ms delay paradigm Neurobiol. Aging. 17:1996;397-404.
36. Woodruff-Pak D.S., Finkbiner R.G., Sasse D.K. Eyeblink conditioning discriminates Alzheimer's patients from non-demented aged. Neuroreport. 1:1990;45-49.
37. Woodruff-Pak D.S., Papka M., Simon E.W. Eyeblink classical conditioning in Down's Syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and normal adults over and under age 35. Neuropsychology. 8:1994;14-24.