Predation risk alters interactions among species: Competition and facilitation between ants and nesting birds in a boreal forest

Ecology Letters

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 178-184

  Haemig, Paul D ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Ants; Biogenic safe sites; Birds; Competition; Facilitation; Habitat edges; Higher order interactions; Interaction modifications; Multispecies interactions; Nest site selection; Predation risk; Protective nesting associations

Indexed keywords

FICEDULA HYPOLEUCA; PARUS ATER; PARUS CAERULEUS; PARUS MAJOR;

EID: 0032967624     PISSN: 1461023X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.1999.00065.x     Document Type: Article

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