Developmental stages in the human thymus

Seminars in Immunology

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 39-46

  Pieter, Res ^b   Spits, Hergen ^a  

^a NETHERLANDS CANCER INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Development; Human; NK cells; T cells; Thymus

Indexed keywords

DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

ARTICLE; DENDRITIC CELL; DEVELOPMENT; HEMATOPOIETIC CELL; NATURAL KILLER CELL; STEM CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE; THYMOCYTE; THYMUS;

EID: 0032964256     PISSN: 10445323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/smim.1998.0152     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Baum CM, Weissman IL, Tsukamoto AS, Buckle A-M, Peault B (1991) Isolation of a candidate human hematopoietic stem-cell population. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:2804-2808
2. DiGiusto D, Chen S, Combs J, Webb S, Namikawa R, Tsukamoto A, Chen BP, Galy AH (1994) Human fetal bone marrow early progenitors for T, B, and myeloid cells are found exclusively in the population expressing high levels of CD34. Blood 84:421-432
3. + cells. Blood 84:104-110
4. + compartment of adult bone marrow. Blood 85:2770-2778
5. + in the human thymus are defined by expression of CD34. Delineation of early events in human thymic development. J Exp Med 178:391-402
6. Bárcena A, Muench MO, Galy AH, Cupp J, Roncarolo MG, Phillips JH, Spits H (1993) Phenotypic and functional analysis of T-cell precursors in the human fetal liver and thymus: CD7 expression in the early stages of T- and myeloid-cell development. Blood 82:3401-3414
7. + lineage - Cells in human thymic organ culture. J Exp Med 180:123-132
8. Fisher AG, Larson L, Goff LK, Restall DE, Happerfield L, Merkenschlager M (1990) Human thymocyte development in organ cultures. Int Immunol 2:571-578
9. Merkenschlager M, Fisher AG (1992) Human postnatal thymocytes generate phenotypically immature CD3dim, CD5dim, CD1abright progeny in organ culture. J Immunol 148:1012-1015
10. + single-positive T cells in murine fetal thymus organ culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10778-10782
11. + fetal liver stem cells differentiate to T cells in a mouse thymic microenvironment. Blood 84:1587-1593
12. dim cells in the human thymus can differentiate into T, natural killer and dendritic cells but are distinct from stem cells. Blood 87:5196-5206
13. - subset. J Immunol 146:4078-4084
14. Márquez C, Trigueros C, Franco JM, Ramiro AR, Carrasco YR, Lopez BM, Toribio ML (1998) Identification of a common developmental pathway for thymic natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Blood 91:2760-2771
15. Gale RP (1987) Development of the immune system in the human fetal liver. Thymus 10:45-56
16. Haynes BF, Heinly CS (1995) Early human T cell development: Analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of haematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment. J Exp Med 181:1445-1458
17. + marrow cells engraft lethally irradiated baboons. J Clin Invest 81:951-955
18. - progenitor cells. Blood 77:1218-1227
19. Kurtzberg J, Denning SM, Nycum LM, Singer KH, Haynes BF (1989) Immature human thymocytes can be driven to differentiate into nonlymphoid lineages by cytokines from thymic epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:7575-7579
20. + cells in the human thymus are defined by expression of CD34. Delineation of early events in human thymic development. J Exp Med 178:391-401
21. Von Boehmer H, Fehling HJ (1997) Structure and function of the pre-T cell receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 15:433-452
22. Schatz DG, Oettinger MA, Baltimore D (1989) The V(D)J recombination activating gene, RAG-1. Cell 59:1035-1048
23. Oettinger MA, Schatz DG, Gorka C, Baltimore D (1990) RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination. Science 248:1517-1523
24. Mombaerts P, Iacomini J, Johnson RS, Herrup K, Tonegawa S, Papaioannou VE (1992) RAG-1 deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes. Cell 68:869-877
25. Shinkai Y, Rathbun G, Lam K-P, Olz EM, Steward V, Mendelsohn M, Charron J, Datta M, Young F, Stall AM, Alt FW (1992) RAG-2 deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement. Cell 68:855-867
26. Terstappen LW, Huang S, Picker LJ (1992) Flow cytometric assessment of human T-cell differentiation in thymus and bone marrow. Blood 79:666-677
27. + cells into T cells. J Immunol 159:694-702
28. + progenitors capable of developing into T cells are not committed to the T cell lineage. J Immunol 158:3571-3577
29. + precursors from human cord blood. J Immunol 156: 4120-4127
30. Phillips JH, Hori T, Nagler A, Bhat N, Spits H, Lanier LL (1992) Ontogeny of human natural killer (NK) cells: Fetal NK cells mediate cytolytic function and express cytoplasmic CD3ε,δ proteins. J Exp Med 175:1055-1066
31. Lanier LL, Chang C, Spits H, Phillips JH (1992) Expression of cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon proteins in activated human adult natural killer (NK) cells and CD3γ,δ,ε complexes in fetal NK cells. Implications for the relationship of NK and T lymphocytes. J Immunol 149:1876-1880
32. Galy A, Travis M, Cen D, Chen B (1995) Human T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells arise from a common bone marrow progenitor subset. Immunity 3:459-473
33. + thymic stromal cells located in the subcapsular cortex of the human thymus. Exp Hematol 26:588-596
34. + human thymic precursors can be traced by the differential expression of CD44. J Exp Med 181:475-483
35. Schmitt C, Ktorza S, Sarun S, Blanc C, De Jong R, Debré P (1993) CD34 expressing human thymocyte precursors proliferate in response to IL-7 but have lost myeloid differentiation potential. Blood 82:3675-3685
36. Sánchez M-J, Muench MO, Roncarolo MG, Lanier L and Phillips JH (1994) Identification of a common T/NK cell progenitor in human fetal thymus. J Exp Med 180:569-576
37. BLom B, Verschuren MCM, Heemskerk HM, Bakker AQ, van Gastel-Mol EJ, Wolvers-Tettero, van Dongen JJM, Spits H (1997) TCR Gene Rearrangements, and Expression of the Pre T Cell Receptor Complex during Human T Cell Differentiation, in Control of Early T Cell Differentiation in the Human Thymus (Thesis Blom B, University of Amsterdam)
38. Ramiro AR, Trigueros C, Marquez C, San MJ, Toribio ML (1996) Regulation of pre-T cell receptor (pTα-TCRβ) gene expression during human thymic development. J Exp Med 184:519-530
39. Ktorza S, Sarun S, Rieux Laucat F, de Villartay JP, Debre P, Schmitt C (1995) CD34-positive early human thymocytes: T cell receptor and cytokine receptor gene expression. Eur J Immunol 25:2471-2478
40. Heemskerk MHM, Blom B, Nolan G, Stegmann APA, Bakker AQ, Weijer K, Res PCM, Spits H (1997) Inhibition of T cell and promotion of natural killer cell development by the dominant negative helix loop helix factor Id3. J Exp Med 186:1597-1602
41. Sharfe N, Dadi HK, Shahar M, Roifman CM (1997) Human immune disorder arising from mutation of the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3168-3171
42. Alvarez-Vallina L, Gonzalez A, Gambon F, Kreisler M, Diaz-Espada F (1993) Delimitation of the proliferative stages in the human thymus indicates that cell expansion occurs before the expression of CD3 (T cell receptor). J Immunol 150:8-16
43. - intermediate. J Exp Med 178:265-277
44. Del Porto P, Bruno L, Mattei MG, Von Boehmer H, Saint-Ruf C (1995) Cloning and comparative analysis of the human pre-T-cell receptor α- chain gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:12105-12109
45. Trigueros C, Ramiro AR, Carrasco YR, de Yebenes VG, Albar JP, Toribio ML (1998) Identification of a Novel Stage of Resting pTα-negative Late Pre-T Cells Immediately Preceding TCRα Gene Expression. Submitted for publication.
46. Brändle D, Müller S, Müller C, Hengartner H, Pircher H (1994) Regulation of RAG-1 and CD69 expression in the thymus during positive and negative selection. Eur J Immunol 24:145-151
47. + stage, before the onset of functional maturation. J Immunol 159:5973-5983
48. + cells. J Immunol 155:4711-4718
49. thymocytes and identification of thymic emigrants. J Immunol. 155:1862-1872
50. Res P, BLom B, Hori T, Weijer K, Spits H (1997) Downregulation of CD1 marks acquisition of functional maturation of human thymocytes and defines a control point in late stages of human T cell development. J Exp Med 185:141-151
51. Pahwa R, Chatila T, Pahwa S, Paradise C, Day NK, Geha R, Schwarz SA, Slade H, Oyaizu N, Good RA (1989) Recombinant interleukin-2 therapy in severe combined immuno-deficiency disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:5069-5073
52. DiSanto JP, Keever CA, Small T, Nichols GL, O'Reilly RJ, Flomenberg N (1990) Absence of interleukin 2 production in a severe combined immunodeficiency disease syndrome with T cells. J Exp Med 171:1697-1704
53. Leonard WJ (1996) The molecular basis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: Defective cytokine receptor signaling. Annu Rev Med 47:229-239
54. Groh V, Fabbi M, Strominger JL (1990) Maturation or differentiation of human thymocyte precursors in vitro? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:5973-5977
55. Plum J, De Smedt M, Leclercq G, Verhasselt B, Vanderkerckhove B (1996) Interleukin-7 is a critical growth factor in early human T-cell development. Blood 88:4239-4245
56. Von Freeden-Jeffry U, Vieira P, Lucian LA, McNeil T, Burdach SE,d Murray R (1995) Lymphopenia in interleukin (IL)-7 gene-deleted mice identifies IL-7 as a nonredundant cytokine. J Exp Med 181:1519-1526
57. Peschon JJ, Morrissey PJ, Grabstein KH, Ramsdell FJ, Maraskovsky E, Gliniak BC, Park LS, Ziegler SF, Williams DE, Ware CB Et Al (1994) Early lymphocyte expansion is severely impaired in interleukin 7 receptor-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1804:1955-1960
58. Disanto JP, Muller W, Guy GD, Fischer A, Rajewsky K (1995) Lymphoid development in mice with a targeted deletion of the interleukin 2 receptor γ chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:377-381
59. Macchi P, Villa A, Gillani S, Sacco MG, Frattini A, Porta F, Ugazio AG, Johnson JA, Candotti F, O'Shea JJ, Vezzoni P, Notarangelo LD (1995) Mutations of Jak-3 gene in patients with autosomal severe combined immunodeficiency. Nature 377:65-68
60. Russell SM, Tayebi N, Nakajima H, Riedy MC, Roberts JL, Aman MJ, Migone TS, Noguchi M, Markert ML, Buckley RH Et Al (1995) Mutation of Jak3 in a patient with SCID: Essential role of Jak3 in lymphoid development. Science 270:797-800
61. Nehls M, Kyewski B, MEsserle M, Waldschutz R, Schuddekopf K, Smith AJ, Boehm T (1996) Two genetically separable steps in the differentiation of thymic epithelium. Science 272:886-889
62. Nehls M, Pfeifer D, Schorpp M, HEdrich H, Boehm T (1994) New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations. Nature 372:103-107