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1
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0344317566
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-
note
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Issued as NRCC No. 0000.
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2
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0345612013
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note
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LDL is the main "cholesterol delivery vehicle" of human blood; LDL particles carry cholesterol -mainly in the form of cholesteryl esters - from the liver to tissues throughout the body. The name derives from the flotation density of LDL in aqueous suspension (d = 1.00-1.1 g/mL) which distinguishes it from the other lipid-bearing proteins in blood and lymph, notably the high-density lipoprotein (HDLs, d > 1.15 g/mL, the "cholesterol recovery vehicle" in blood), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs, 0.9-1.0 g/mL), and chylomicrons.
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3
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0024603895
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Steinberg, D. P., S.; Carew, T. E.; Khoo, J. C.; Witztum, J. L. New England J. Med. 1989, 320, 915-924. Steinberg, D. Lancet 1995, 346, 36-38. Maggi, E.; Chiesa, R.; Melissano, G.; Castellano, R.; Astore, D.; Grossi, A.; Finardi, G.; Bellomo, G. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994, 14, 1892-1899. Holvoet, P.; Collen, D. FASEB J. 1994, 8, 1279-1284. Palinski, W.; Ord, V. A.; Plump, A. S.; Breslow, J. L.; Steinberg, D.; Witztum, J. L. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994, 14, 605-616.
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Steinberg, D.P.S.1
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4
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0029062014
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Steinberg, D. P., S.; Carew, T. E.; Khoo, J. C.; Witztum, J. L. New England J. Med. 1989, 320, 915-924. Steinberg, D. Lancet 1995, 346, 36-38. Maggi, E.; Chiesa, R.; Melissano, G.; Castellano, R.; Astore, D.; Grossi, A.; Finardi, G.; Bellomo, G. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994, 14, 1892-1899. Holvoet, P.; Collen, D. FASEB J. 1994, 8, 1279-1284. Palinski, W.; Ord, V. A.; Plump, A. S.; Breslow, J. L.; Steinberg, D.; Witztum, J. L. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994, 14, 605-616.
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Some reported correlations between α-TOH content and resistance of LDL to peroxidation: (Positive) Esterbauer, H.; Dieber Rotheneder, M.; Striegl, G.; Waeg, G. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 53, 314s-321s. (Erratic or minor) McDowell, I. F. W.; Brennan, G. M.; McEneny, J.; Young, I. S.; Nicholls, D. P.; McVeigh, G. E.; Bruce, I.; Trimble, E. R.; Johnston, G. D. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 24, 759-765. (Negative) Iwatsuki, M.; Niki, E.; Stone, D.; Darley-Usmar, V. M. FEBS Lett. 1995, 360, 271-276. Croft, K. D.; Williams, P.; Dimmitt, S.; Abu Amsha, R.; Beilin, L. J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995, 1254, 250-256.
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0028046495
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Some reported correlations between α-TOH content and resistance of LDL to peroxidation: (Positive) Esterbauer, H.; Dieber Rotheneder, M.; Striegl, G.; Waeg, G. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 53, 314s-321s. (Erratic or minor) McDowell, I. F. W.; Brennan, G. M.; McEneny, J.; Young, I. S.; Nicholls, D. P.; McVeigh, G. E.; Bruce, I.; Trimble, E. R.; Johnston, G. D. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 24, 759-765. (Negative) Iwatsuki, M.; Niki, E.; Stone, D.; Darley-Usmar, V. M. FEBS Lett. 1995, 360, 271-276. Croft, K. D.; Williams, P.; Dimmitt, S.; Abu Amsha, R.; Beilin, L. J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995, 1254, 250-256.
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0028986455
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Some reported correlations between α-TOH content and resistance of LDL to peroxidation: (Positive) Esterbauer, H.; Dieber Rotheneder, M.; Striegl, G.; Waeg, G. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 53, 314s-321s. (Erratic or minor) McDowell, I. F. W.; Brennan, G. M.; McEneny, J.; Young, I. S.; Nicholls, D. P.; McVeigh, G. E.; Bruce, I.; Trimble, E. R.; Johnston, G. D. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 24, 759-765. (Negative) Iwatsuki, M.; Niki, E.; Stone, D.; Darley-Usmar, V. M. FEBS Lett. 1995, 360, 271-276. Croft, K. D.; Williams, P.; Dimmitt, S.; Abu Amsha, R.; Beilin, L. J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995, 1254, 250-256.
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Iwatsuki, M.1
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0028851230
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Some reported correlations between α-TOH content and resistance of LDL to peroxidation: (Positive) Esterbauer, H.; Dieber Rotheneder, M.; Striegl, G.; Waeg, G. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 53, 314s-321s. (Erratic or minor) McDowell, I. F. W.; Brennan, G. M.; McEneny, J.; Young, I. S.; Nicholls, D. P.; McVeigh, G. E.; Bruce, I.; Trimble, E. R.; Johnston, G. D. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 24, 759-765. (Negative) Iwatsuki, M.; Niki, E.; Stone, D.; Darley-Usmar, V. M. FEBS Lett. 1995, 360, 271-276. Croft, K. D.; Williams, P.; Dimmitt, S.; Abu Amsha, R.; Beilin, L. J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995, 1254, 250-256.
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Where LH refers to a bisallylic group in a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester (phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol ester, etc.), L• and LOO• are the derived carbon-centered radical and lipid peroxyl radical, respectively, and ROO• is the peroxyl radical which initiates lipid peroxidation.
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Carotenoids - which give LDL its yellow-orange color - do not inhibit peroxidation in LDL. Gaziano, J. M.; Hatta, A.; Flynn, M.; Johnson, E. J.; Krinsky, N. I.; Ridker, P. M.; Hennekens, C. H.; Frei, B. Atherosclerosis 1995, 112, 187-195.
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-
-
Doba, T.1
Burton, G.W.2
Ingold, K.U.3
-
50
-
-
0345612010
-
-
note
-
That is, not until over 85% of the original α-TOH had been consumed, at which point many of the particles would be left unprotected.
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
0345612009
-
-
note
-
41 and that of α-TO• may be even longer because it lacks the hydrophilic OH group.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
0345612008
-
-
note
-
With the simplest case assumption that particles are uniformly likely to react with the initiating ROO•.
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
0344749877
-
-
note
-
polymer'/monomer.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
0345612007
-
-
note
-
intraparticle = 1 molecule/particle volume ≈ 0.5 mM.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
0345612006
-
-
note
-
Reference 26 gives a more exact analysis.
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
37049097032
-
-
Doba, T.; Burton, G. W.; Ingold, K. U.; Matsuo, M. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 461-462.
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(1984)
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
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Doba, T.1
Burton, G.W.2
Ingold, K.U.3
Matsuo, M.4
-
62
-
-
0345612004
-
-
note
-
0.5 relationship has been confirmed for some compounds.
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
0030641128
-
-
Neuzil, J.; Thomas, S. R.; Stocker, R. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1997, 22, 57-71.
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Neuzil, J.1
Thomas, S.R.2
Stocker, R.3
-
65
-
-
0345179986
-
-
note
-
2O-washed reaction mixture and vice versa.
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
0345612002
-
-
note
-
2O-LDL, presumably because of the lower phasetransfer activity of α-TOD.
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
0030994551
-
-
See, e.g.: (a) Abuja, P. M.; Albertini, R.; Esterbauer, H. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1997, 10, 644-651.
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Abuja, P.M.1
Albertini, R.2
Esterbauer, H.3
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68
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0030809482
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(b) Proudfoot, J. M.; Croft, K. D.; Puddey, I. B.; Beilin, L. I. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1997, 23, 720-728.
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Proudfoot, J.M.1
Croft, K.D.2
Puddey, I.B.3
Beilin, L.I.4
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70
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0028177270
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-
See: Yoshida, Y.; Tsuchiya, J.; Niki, E. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994, 1200, 85-92. Lynch, S. M.; Frei, B. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 5158-5163. Kontush, A.; Meyer, S.; Finckh, B.; Kohlschutter, A.; Beisiegel, U. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 11106-11112.
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Yoshida, Y.1
Tsuchiya, J.2
Niki, E.3
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71
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0028953264
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-
See: Yoshida, Y.; Tsuchiya, J.; Niki, E. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994, 1200, 85-92. Lynch, S. M.; Frei, B. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 5158-5163. Kontush, A.; Meyer, S.; Finckh, B.; Kohlschutter, A.; Beisiegel, U. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 11106-11112.
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Lynch, S.M.1
Frei, B.2
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72
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0030011080
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See: Yoshida, Y.; Tsuchiya, J.; Niki, E. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994, 1200, 85-92. Lynch, S. M.; Frei, B. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 5158-5163. Kontush, A.; Meyer, S.; Finckh, B.; Kohlschutter, A.; Beisiegel, U. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 11106-11112.
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Kontush, A.1
Meyer, S.2
Finckh, B.3
Kohlschutter, A.4
Beisiegel, U.5
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73
-
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0344749875
-
-
note
-
2 = 0.043 (Figure 14 in ref 6).
-
-
-
-
74
-
-
0345612001
-
-
note
-
p being independent of the initiation rate.
-
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76
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0029129908
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Suarna, C.; Dean, R. T.; May, J.; Stocker, R. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1995, 15, 1616-1624.
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Suarna, C.1
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Leeuwenburgh, C.; Rasmussen, J. E.; Hsu, F. F.; Mueller, D. M.; Pennathur, S.; Heinecke, J. W. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 3520-3526. Hazell, L. J.; Van Den Berg, J. J. M.; Stocker, R. Biochem. J. 1994, 302, 297-304.
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Heinecke, J.W.6
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Leeuwenburgh, C.; Rasmussen, J. E.; Hsu, F. F.; Mueller, D. M.; Pennathur, S.; Heinecke, J. W. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 3520-3526. Hazell, L. J.; Van Den Berg, J. J. M.; Stocker, R. Biochem. J. 1994, 302, 297-304.
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