Expression of two major chitinase genes of Trichoderma atroviride (T. harzianum P1) is triggered by different regulatory signals

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 65, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1858-1863

  Mach, Robert L ^a   Peterbauer, Clemens K ^a   Payer, Kathrin ^a   Jaksits, Sylvia ^a   Woo, Sheridan L ^b   Zeilinger, Susanne ^a   Kullnig, Cornelia M ^a   Lorito, Matteo ^b   Kubicek, Christian P ^a  

^a VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^b CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CHITIN; CHITINASE; GLUCOSE OXIDASE; GLYCEROL; N ACETYL BETA GLUCOSAMINIDASE; N ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; TRIOSE;

ARTICLE; ASPERGILLUS NIGER; BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL; CATABOLITE REPRESSION; CELL WALL; FUNGAL GENETICS; FUNGUS GROWTH; FUNGUS MUTANT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; MYCELIUM; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; OSMOTIC PRESSURE; PROMOTER REGION; REPORTER GENE; STRESS; TRICHODERMA VIRIDE;

ASPERGILLUS NIGER; BOTRYOTINIA FUCKELIANA; BOTRYTIS; BOTRYTIS CINEREA; FUNGI; HYPOCREA LIXII; TRICHODERMA; TRICHODERMA ATROVIRIDE; TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM; TRICHODERMA VIRIDE;

EID: 0032948076     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.5.1858-1863.1999     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl. 1990. Current protocols in molecular biology. Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y.
2. Blaiseau, P. L., C. Kunz, R. Grison, Y. Bertheau, and Y. Brygoo. 1992. Cloning and characterization of a chitinase gene from the hyperparasitic fungus Aphanocladium album. Curr. Genet. 21:61-66.
3. Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248-254.
4. Cabib, E. 1987. The synthesis and degradation of chitin. Adv. Enzymol. 59: 59-101.
5. Carsolio, C., A. Gutierrez, B. Jimenez, M. van Montagu, and A. Herrera-Estrella. 1994. Characterization of ech-42, a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene expressed during mycoparasitism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:10903-10907.
6. Chet, I. 1987. Trichoderma: application, mode of action and potential as a biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi, p. 137-160. In I. Chet (ed.), Innovative approaches to plant disease control. Wiley, New York, N.Y.
7. Chet, I., N. Benhamou, and S. Haran. 1998. Mycoparasitism and lytic enzymes, p. 153-171. In G. E. Harman and C. P. Kubicek (ed.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium, vol. 2. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, United Kingdom.
8. Draborg, H., S. Kaupinnen, H. Dalboge, and S. Christgau. 1995. Molecular cloning and expression in S. cerevisiae of two exochitinases from Trichoderma harzianum. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 36:781-791.
9. Draborg, H., S. Christgau, T. Halkier, G. Rasmussen, H. Dalboge, and S. Kaupinnen. 1996. Secretion of an enzymatically active Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Genet. 29:404-409.
10. Elad, Y., I. Chet, and Y. Henis. 1982. Degradation of plant pathogenic fungi by Trichoderma harzianum. Can. J. Microbiol. 28:719-725.
11. Frederick, K. R., J. Tung, R. S. Emerick, F. R. Masiarz, S. H. Chamberlain, A. Vasavada, S. Rosenberg, S. Chakraborty, L. M. Schopfer, and V. Massey. 1990. Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. J. Biol. Chem. 265:3793-3802.
12. Garcia, I., J. M. Lora, J. de la Cruz, T. Benitez, A. Llobell, and J. A. Pintor-Toro. 1994. Cloning and characterization of a chitinase (chit42) cDNA from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Curr. Genet. 27:83-89.
13. Geisen, R. 1995. Expression of the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene in Penicillium nalgiovense. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11:322-325.
14. Giczey, G., Z. Kerenyi, G. Dallmann, and L. Hornok. 1998. Homologous transformation of Trichoderma hamatum with an endochitinase encoding gene, resulting in increased levels of chitinase activity. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 165:247-252.
15. Gooday, G. 1990. The ecology of chitin degradation. Microb. Ecol. 10:387-431.
16. Griffin, D. H. 1994. Fungal physiology, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
17. Haran, S., H. Schickler, A. Oppenheim, and I. Chet. 1996. Differential expression of Trichoderma harzianum chitinases during mycoparasitism. Phytopathology 86:980-985.
18. Harman, G. E., and T. Björkman. 1998. Potential and existing uses of Trichoderma and Gliocladium for plant disease control and plant growth enhancement, p. 229-265. In G. E. Harman and C. P. Kubicek (ed.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium, vol. 2. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, United Kingdom.
19. Hayes, C. K., S. Klemsdal, M. Lorito, A. Di Pietro, C. K. Peterbauer, J. P. Nakas, A. Tronsmo, and G. E. Harman. 1994. Isolation and sequence of an endochitinase-encoding gene from a cDNA library of Trichoderma harzianum. Gene 138:143-148.
20. Herrera-Estrella, A., G. H. Goldman, and M. Van Montagu. 1990. High efficiency transformation system for the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp. Mol. Microbiol. 4:839-843.
21. Krupica, T., M. Rey, R. L. Mach, T. Benitez, and C. P. Kubicek. Unpublished data.
22. Limon, C. M., J. M. Lora, I. Garcia, J. de la Cruz, A. Llobell, T. Benitez, and J. A. Pintor-Toro. 1995. Primary structure and expression pattern of the 33-kDa chitinase gene from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Curr. Genet. 28:478-483.
23. Lorito, M. 1998. Chitinolytic enzymes and their genes, p. 73-99. In G. E. Harman and C. P. Kubicek (ed.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium, vol. 2. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, United Kingdom.
24. Lorito, M., R. L. Mach, P. Sposato, J. Strauss, C. K. Peterbauer, and C. P. Kubicek. 1996. Mycoparasitic interaction relieves binding of Cre1 carbon catabolite repressor protein to promoter sequence of ech-42 (endochitinase-encoding) gene of Trichoderma harzianum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 14868-14872.
25. Lorito, M., V. Farkas, S. Rebuffat, B. Bodo, and C. P. Kubicek. 1996. Cell wall synthesis is a major target of mycoparasitic antagonism by Trichoderma harzianum. J. Bacteriol. 178:6382-6385.
26. Mach, R. L., M. Schindler, and C. P. Kubicek. 1994. Transformation of Trichoderma reesei based on hygromycin B resistance using homologous expression signals. Curr. Genet. 25:567-570.
27. Marchler, G., C. Schüller, G. Adam, and H. Ruis. 1993. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae AUS element controlled by a protein kinase A activates transcription in response to a variety of stress conditions. EMBO J. 12:1997-2003.
28. Margolles-Clark, E., G. E. Harman, and M. Penttilä. 1996. Improved production of Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase by expression on Trichoderma reesei. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2152-2155.
29. Margolles-Clark, E., M. Ilmen, and M. E. Penttilä. 1997. Expression patterns of ten hemicellulase genes in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei on various carbon sources. J. Biotechnol. 57:167-179.
30. Peterbauer, C. K., M. Lorito, C. K. Hayes, G. E. Harman, and C. P. Kubicek. 1996. Molecular cloning and expression of nag1, a gene encoding N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase from Trichoderma harzianum. Curr. Genet. 30:325-331.
31. Sahai, A. S., and M. S. Manocha. 1993. Chitinases of fungi and plants: their involvement in morphogenesis and host-parasite interaction. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 11:317-338.
32. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y.
33. Schirmböck, M., M. Lorito, Y.-L. Wang, C. K. Hayes, I. Arisan-Atac, F. Scala, G. E. Harman, and C. P. Kubicek. 1994. Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4364-4370.
34. Smith, J., and E. A. Grula. 1983. Chitinase is an inducible enzyme in Beauveria bassiana. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 42:319-326.
35. St. Leger, R., R. M. Cooper, and A. K. Charnley. 1986. Cuticle-degrading enzymes of entomopathogenic fungi: regulation of production of chitinolytic enzymes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:1509-1517.
36. Treger, J. M., T. R. Magee, and K. McEntee. 1998. Functional analysis of the stress response element and its role in the multistress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243:13-19.
37. Vasseur, V., F. Arigoni, H. Andersen, G. Defago, G. Bompeix, and J. Seng. 1990. Isolation and characterization of Aphanocladium album chitinase-over-producing mutants. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136:2561-2567.
38. Vessey, J. C., and G. F. Pegg. 1973. Autolysis and chitinase production in cultures of Verticillium albo-atrum. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 60:133-143.
39. Woo, S. L., B. Donzelli, F. Scala, R. L. Mach, G. E. Harman, C. P. Kubicek, G. Del Sorbo, and M. Lorito. Disruption of ech42 (endochitinase-encoding) gene affects biocontrol activity in Trichoderma harzianum (T. atroviride) strain P1. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., in press.
40. Yanisch-Perron, C., J. Vieira, and J. Messing. 1985. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene 33:103-119.
41. Zeilinger, S., C. Galhaup, K. Payer, S. L. Woo, R. L. Mach, C. Fekete, M. Lorito, and C. P. Kubicek. Chitinase gene expression during mycoparasitic interaction of Trichoderma harzianum with its host. Fungal Genet. Biol., in press.