Heart rate and behavior of fur seals: Implications for measurement of field energetics

American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Volumn 276, Issue 3 45-3, 1999, Pages

  Boyd, I L ^a   Bevan, R M ^b   Woakes, A J ^b   Butler, P J ^b  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antarctica; Diving; Metabolic rate; Morphometrics; Respirometry

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIVING; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENERGY TRANSFER; HEART RATE; METABOLIC RATE; MORPHOMETRICS; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIROMETRY; SEAL; SWIMMING;

EID: 0032945254     PISSN: 03636135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.3.h844     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Andrews, R. D., D. R. Jones, J. D. Williams, P. H. Thorson, G. W. Oliver, D. P. Costa, and B. J. Le Boeuf. Heart rates of northern elephant seals diving at sea and resting on the beach. J. Exp. Biol. 200: 2083-2095, 1997.
2. Arnould, J. P. Y., and I. L. Boyd. Temporal patterns of milk production in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). J. Zool. Lond. 237: 1-12, 1995.
3. Arnould, J. P. Y., I. L. Boyd, and J. R. Speakman. The relationship between foraging behavior and energy expenditure in Antarctic fur seals. J. Zool. Lond. 239: 769-782, 1996.
4. Bevan, R. M., I. L. Boyd, P. J. Butler, K. Reid, A. J. Woakes, and J. P. Croxall. Heart rates and abdominal temperatures of free-ranging South Georgian shags, Phalacrocorax georgianus. J. Exp. Biol. 200: 661-675, 1997.
5. Bevan, R. M., and P. J. Butler. The effects of temperature on the oxygen-consumption, heart-rate and deep body-temperature during diving in the tufted duck Aythya fuligula. J. Exp. Biol. 163: 139-151, 1992
6. Bevan, R. M., P. J. Butler, and J. R. Speakman. Daily energy-expenditure of tufted ducks - a comparison between indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water and heart-rate. Funct. Ecol. 9: 40-47, 1995.
7. Bevan, R. M., P. J. Butler, A. J. Woakes, and P. A. Prince. The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatrosses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 350: 119-131, 1995.
8. Bevan, R. M., A. J. Woakes, P. J. Butler, and I. L. Boyd. Use of heart rate to estimate energy expenditure of black-browed albatrosses, Diomedea melanophrys. J. Exp. Biol. 193: 119-137, 1994.
9. Bevan, R. M., A. J. Woakes, P. J. Butler, and J. P. Croxall. Heart rate and oxygen consumption of exercising gentoo penguins. Physiol. Zool. 68: 855-877, 1995.
10. Boyd, I. L. Temporal scales of foraging in a marine mammal. Ecology 77: 426-434, 1996.
11. Boyd, I. L., J. P. Y. Arnould, T. Barton, and J. P. Croxall. Foraging behavior of the Antarctic fur seal during periods of contrasting prey abundance. J. Anim. Ecol. 63: 703-713, 1994.
12. Boyd, I. L., and J. P. Croxall. Diving behavior of lactating Antarctic fur seals. Can. J. Zool. 70: 919-928, 1992.
13. Boyd, I. L., N. J. Lunn, C. D. Duck, and T. Barton. Response of Antarctic fur seals to immobilization with ketamine, a ketamine-diazepam or ketamine-xylazine mixture, and Zoletil. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 6: 135-145, 1990.
14. Boyd, I. L., K. Reid, and R. M. Bevan. Swimming speed and allocation of time during the dive cycle in Antarctic fur seals. Anim. Behav. 50: 769-784, 1995.
15. Boyd, I. L., A. J. Woakes, P. J. Butler, R. W. Davis, and T. M. Williams. Validation of heart rate and doubly labelled water as measures of metabolic rate during swimming in California sea lions. Funct. Ecol. 9: 151-160, 1995.
16. Butler, P. J. To what extent can heart rate be used as an indicator of metabolic rate in free-living marine mammals? Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 66: 317-332, 1993.
17. Butler, P. J., R. M. Bevan, A. J. Woakes, J. P. Croxall, and I. L. Boyd. The use of data loggers to determine the energetics and physiology of aquatic birds and mammals. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28: 1307-1317, 1995.
18. Butler, P. J., and D. R. Jones. Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiol. Rev. 77: 837-899, 1997.
19. Butler, P. J., Woakes, A. J., and C. M. Bishop. Behaviour and physiology of Svalbard barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis, during their autumn migration. J. Avian Biol. In press.
20. Butler, P. J., A. J. Woakes, I. L. Boyd, and S. Kanatous. Relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during steady-state swimming in California sea lions. J. Exp. Biol. 170: 35-42, 1992.
21. Ceesay, S. M., A. M. Prentice, K. C. Day, P. R. Murgatroyd, G. R. Goldberg, W. Scott, and G. B. Spurr. The use of heart rate monitoring in the estimation of energy expenditure: a validation study using indirect whole-body calorimetry. Br. J. Nutr. 61: 175-186, 1989.
22. Costa, D. P. Method for studying the energetics of freely diving animals. Can. J. Zool. 66: 45-52, 1988.
23. Costa, D. P., J. P. Croxall, and C. D. Duck. Foraging energetics of Antarctic fur seals in relation to changes in prey availability. Ecology 70: 596-606, 1989.
24. Costa, D. P., and F. Trillmich. Mass changes and metabolism during the perinatal fast: a comparison between Antarctic (Arctocephalus gazella) and Galapagos fur seals (Arctocephalus galapagoensis). Physiol. Zool. 61: 160-169, 1988.
25. Davis, R. W., T. M. Williams, and G. L. Kooyman. Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult harbor seals, Phoca vitulina. Physiol. Zool. 58: 590-596, 1985.
26. Elsner, R., D. Wartzok, N. B. Sonfrank, and B. P. Kelly. Behavioral and physiological reactions of arctic seals during under-ice pilotage. Can. J. Zool. 67: 2506-2513, 1989.
27. Fedak, M. A. Diving and exercise in seals: a benthic prespective. In: Diving in Animals and Man, edited by A. Brubakk, J. W. Kanwisher, and G. Sundnes. Trondheim, Norway: Tapir, 1986, p. 11-32.
28. Fedak, M. A., M. R. Pullen, and J. Kanwisher. Circulatory responses of seals to periodic breathing: heart rate and breathing during exercise and diving in the laboratory and open sea. Can. J. Zool. 66: 53-60, 1988.
29. Feldkamp, S. D. Swimming in the California sea lion: morphometrics, drag and energetics. J. Exp. Biol. 131: 117-135, 1987.
30. Gentry, R. L., and J. R. Holt. Equipment and Techniques for Handling Northern Fur Seals. Washington, DC: NOAA, 1982 (National Marine Fisheries Service SSRF-758).
31. Hammond, K. A., and J. Diamond. Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals. Nature 386: 457-462, 1997.
32. Hill, R. D., G. C. Liggins, A. H. Schuette, R. L. Elliott, M. Guppy, P. W. Hochachka, J. Qvist, and K. J. Falke. Heart rate and body temperature during free diving of Weddell seals. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 22): R344-R351, 1987.
33. Hind, A. T., and W. S. C. Gurney. The metabolic cost of swimming in marine homeotherms. J. Exp. Biol. 200: 531-542, 1997.
34. Hindell, M. A., and M.-A. Lea. Heart rate, swimming speed, and estimated oxygen consumption of a free-ranging southern elephant seal. Physiol. Zool. 71: 74-84, 1998.
35. Kooyman, G. L., and P. J. Ponganis. Emperor penguin oxygen consumption, heart rate and plasma lactate levels during graded swimming exercise. J. Exp. Biol. 195: 199-209, 1994.
36. Kooyman, G. L., and P. J. Ponganis. The physiological basis of diving to depth: birds and mammals. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60: 19-32.
37. Lund, G. F., and G. E. Folk. Simultaneous measurements of heart rate and oxygen consumption in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 55: 201-206, 1976.
38. Mangel, M., and C. W. Clark. Dynamic Modeling in Behavioral Ecology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1988.
39. 2 production in animals: analysis of potential errors in the doubly labeled water method. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 7): R466-R473, 1980.
40. Nolet, B. A., P. J. Butler, D. Masman, and A. J. Woakes. Estimation of daily energy expenditure from heart rate and doubly labeled water in exercising geese. Physiol. Zool. 65: 1188-1216, 1992.
41. Owen, R. B. Heart rate, a measure of metabolism in blue-winged teal. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 31: 431-436, 1969.
42. Pauls, R. W. Heart rate as an index of energy expenditure in red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 67: 409-418, 1980.
43. Ponganis, P. J., G. L. Kooyman, L. M. Winter, and L. N. Starke. Heart rate and plasma lactate responses during submerged swimming and trained diving in California sea lions, Zalophus californianus. J. Comp. Physiol. [B] 167: 9-16, 1997.
44. Reid, K. The diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella Peters 1875) during winter at South Georgia. Antarct. Sci. 7: 241-249, 1995.
45. Reid, K., and J. P. Y. Arnould. The diet of Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella during the breeding season at South Georgia. Polar Biol. 16: 105-114, 1996.
46. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. Animal Physiology (5th ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.
47. Speakman, J. R. Doubly Labelled Water: Theory and Practice. London, UK: Chapman and Hall, 1997.
48. Stephenson, R., P. J. Butler, N. Dunstone, and A. J. Woakes. Heart-rate and gas-exchange in freely diving American mink (Mustela vison). J. Exp. Biol. 134: 435-442, 1988.
49. Thompson, D., and M. A. Fedak. Cardiac responses of grey seals during diving at sea. J. Exp. Biol. 174: 139-164, 1993.
50. Vetterling, W. T., S. A. Teukolsky, W. H. Press, and B. P. Flannery. Numerical Recipes in C. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996.
51. Weathers, W. W., W. A. Buttemer, A, M. Hayworth, and K. A. Nagy. An evaluation of time-budget estimates of daily energy expenditure in birds. Auk 101: 459-472, 1984.
52. 18O) and time budget estimates of daily energy expenditure in Phainopepla nitens. Auk 97: 861-867, 1980.
53. Webb, P. M., R. D. Andrews, D. P. Costa, and B. J. LeBoeuf. Heart rate and oxygen consumption of northern elephant seals during diving in the laboratory. Physiol. Zool. 71: 116-125, 1998.
54. Williams, T. M., W. A. Friedl, and J. E. Haun. The physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): heart rate, metabolic rate and plasma lactate concentrations during exercise. J. Exp. Biol. 179: 31-46, 1993.
55. Williams, T. M., G. L. Kooyman, and D. A. Croll. The effect of submergence on heart rate and oxygen consumption of swimming seals and sea lions. J. Comp. Physiol. [B] 160: 637-644, 1991.
56. Woakes, A. J., and P. J. Butler. Swimming and diving in tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula, with particular reference to heart rate and gas exchange. J. Exp. Biol. 107: 311-329, 1983.
57. Woakes, A. J., P. J. Butler, and R. M. Bevan. An implantable data logger system for heart rate and body temperature: its application to the estimations of field metabolic rates in antarctic predators. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 33: 145-152, 1995.