Inaperturate pollen in monocotyledons

International Journal of Plant Sciences

Volumn 160, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 395-414

  Furness, Carol A ^a   Rudall, Paula J ^a  

^a ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Inaperturate pollen; Monocotyledons; Phylogeny; Systematics

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032942071     PISSN: 10585893     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/314129     Document Type: Article

References (150)

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Ann Mo Bot Gard 85:531-553.
2. Ayensu ES 1972 Studies on pollen morphology in the Velloziaceae. Proc Biol Soc Wash 85:469-480.
3. Ayensu ES, JJ Skvarla 1974 Fine structure of Velloziaceae pollen. Bull Torrey Bot Club 101:250-266.
4. Blackmore S, PR Crane 1988 The systematic implications of pollen and spore ontogeny. Pages 81-115 in CJ Humphries, ed. Ontogeny and systematics. Colombia University Press, New York.
5. -1998 The evolution of apertures in the spores and pollen grains of embryophytes. Pages 159-182 in SJ Owens, PJ Rudall, eds. Reproductive biology in systematics, conservation and economic botany. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
6. Carlquist S 1960 Anatomy of Guayana Xyridaceae: Abolboda, Orectanthe, and Achlyphila. Mem NY Bot Gard 10:65-117.
7. -1961 Pollen morphology of Rapateaceae. Aliso 5:39-66.
8. Cauneau-Pigot A 1988 Biopalynological study of Lapageria rosea and Iris unguicularis: storage of pollen. Grana 27:297-312.
9. Chakrapani P, B Raj 1971 Pollen morphological studies in the Burmanniaceae. Grana 11:164-179.
10. Chanda S, K Ghosh 1976 Pollen morphology and its evolutionary significance in Xanthorrhoeaceae. Pages 527-559 in IK Ferguson, J Muller, eds. The evolutionary significance of the exine. Academic Press, London.
11. -1979 Apertural evolution in the pollen of monocotyledons and early dicotyledons. Proc Fourth Int Palynol Conf, Lucknow 1: 551-567.
12. Chanda S, S Nilsson, S Blackmore 1988 Phylogenetic trends in the Alismatales with reference to pollen grains. Grana 27:257-272.
13. Chase MW, MR Duvall, HG Hills, JG Conran, AV Cox, LE Eguiarte, J Hartwell, et al 1995a Molecular phylogenetics of Lilianae. Pages 109-137 in PJ Rudall, PJ Cribb, DF Cutler, CJ Humphries, eds. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
14. Chase MW, PJ Rudall, J Conran 1996 New circumscriptions and a new family of asparagoid lilies: genera formerly included in Anthericaceae. Kew Bull 51:667-680.
15. Chase MW, DW Stevenson, P Wilkin, PJ Rudall 1995b Monocot systematics: a combined analysis. Pages 685-730 in PJ Rudall, PJ Cribb, DF Cutler, CJ Humphries, eds. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
16. Clarke GCS, MR Jones 1981 The northwest European pollen flora. 23. Dioscoreaceae. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 33:45-50.
17. Clément C, J-C Audran 1993 Orbicule wall surface characteristics in Lilium (Liliaceae): an ultrastructural and cytochemical approach. Grana 32:348-353.
18. Conran JG, HT Clifford 1985 The taxonomic affinities of the genus Ripogonum. Nord J Bot 5:215-219.
19. Cox PA, RH Laushman, MH Ruckelshaus 1992 Surface and submarine pollination in the seagrass Zostera marina L. Bot J Linn Soc 109:281-291.
20. Cranwell LM 1953 New Zealand pollen studies: the monocotyledons. Bull Auckland Inst Mus 3:1-91.
21. Dahlgren R, A-M Lu 1985 Campynemanthe (Campynemaceae): morphology, microsporogenesis, early ovule ontogeny and relationships. Nord J Bot 5:321-330.
22. Díaz Lifante Z, MJ Díez, I Fernández 1990 Morfologia polinica de las subfamilias Melanthioideae y Asphodeloideae (Liliaceae) en la peninsula Iberica y su importancia taxonomica. Lagascalia 16: 211-225.
23. Doyle JA, P Bygrave, A Le Thomas In press Implications of molecular data for pollen evolution in Annonaceae. In MM Harley, CM Morton, S Blackmore, eds. Pollen and spores: morphology and biology. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
24. Doyle JA, A Le Thomas 1994 Cladistic analysis and pollen evolution in Annonaceae. Acta Bot Gall 141:149-170.
25. Ducker SC, JM Pettitt, RB Knox 1978 Biology of Australian seagrasses: pollen development and submarine pollination in Amphibolis antarctica and Thalassodendron ciliatum (Cymodoceaceae). Aust J Bot 26:265-285.
26. Dutt BSM 1970 Hypoxidaceae. Bull Indian Nat Acad Sci 41: 368-372.
27. Ehler N, R Schill 1973 Die pollenmorphologie der Bromeliaceae. Pollen Spores 15:13-45.
28. Erdtman G 1952 Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy: angiosperms. Almqvist, Stockholm. 539 pp.
29. Ferguson IK 1986 Observations on the variation in pollen morphology of Palmae and its significance. Can J Bot 64:3079-3090.
30. Ferguson IK, MM Harley 1993 The significance of new and recent work on pollen morphology in the Palmae. Kew Bull 48:205-243.
31. Foreman DB, FB Sampson 1987 Pollen morphology of Palmeria scandens and Wilkiea hugeliana (Monimiaceae). Grana 26:127-133.
32. Fritzsche CJ 1837 Ueber den Pollen. Mem Sav Etrang Acad St Petersburg 3:649-672.
33. Furness CA 1985 A review of spiraperturate pollen. Pollen Spores 27: 307-320.
34. -1988 The northwest European pollen flora. 39. Eriocaulaceae. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 57:27-32.
35. Furness CA, PJ Rudall 1998 The tapetum and systematics in monocotyledons. Bot Rev 64:201-239.
36. Goldblatt P 1986 Systematics and relationships of the bigeneric Pacific family Campynemataceae (Liliales). Adansonia 8:117-132.
37. Goldblatt P, A Le Thomas 1992a Pollen apertures, exine sculpturing and phylogeny in Iridaceae subfamily Iridoideae. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 75:301-315.
38. -1992b Pollen morphology of Madagascan Aristea and Geosiris (Iridaceae-Nivenioideae) in relation to systematics and phylogeny. Adansonia 14:223-233.
39. Grayum MH 1992 Comparative external pollen ultrastructure of the Araceae and putatatively related taxa. Monogr Syst Bot Mo Bot Gard 43:1-167.
40. Halbritter H 1992 Morphologie und systematische Bedeutung des Pollens der Bromeliaceae. Grana 31:197-212.
41. Halbritter H, M Hesse 1993 Sulcus morphology in some monocot families. Grana 32:87-99.
42. -1995 The convergent evolution of exine shields in angiosperm pollen. Grana 34:108-119.
43. Hamann U 1966 Embryologische, morphologische-anatomische und systematische Untersuchungen an Philydraceen. Willdenowia 4: 1-178.
44. -1976 Hydatellaceae: a new family of Monocotyledonae. NZ J Bot 14:193-196.
45. Hammel BE, GJ Wilder 1989 Dianthoveus: a new genus of Cyclanthaceae. Ann Mo Bot Gard 76:112-123.
46. Harley MM 1996 Palm pollen and the fossil record. PhD thesis, University of East London, London.
47. -In press Tetrad variation: its influence on pollen form and systematics in the Palmae. In MH Kurmann, AR Hemsley, eds. Evolution of plant architecture. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
48. Harling G 1958 Monograph of the Cyclanthaceae. Acta Hort Berg 18:1-428.
49. Heslop-Harrison J 1971a The pollen wall: structure and development. Pages 75-98 in J Heslop-Harrison, ed. Pollen: development and physiology. Butterworths, London.
50. -1971b Wall pattern formation in angiosperm microsporogenesis. Symp Soc Exp Biol 25:277-300.
51. Heslop-Harrison J, Y Heslop-Harrison 1980 Cytochemistry of the Zwischenkörper in grass pollen. Pollen Spores 22:5-10.
52. Hesse M, K Kubitzki 1983 The sporoderm ultrastructure in Persea, Nectandra, Hernandia, Gomortega and some other Lauralean genera. Plant Syst Evol 141:299-311.
53. Hesse M, M Waha 1983 The fine structure of the pollen wall in Strelitzia reginae (Musaceae). Plant Syst Evol 141:285-298.
54. Heusser CJ 1971 Pollen and spores of Chile. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 167 pp.
55. Huynh K-L 1980 La morphologie du pollen de Pandanus subg. Vinsonia (Pandanaceae) et sa signification taxonomique. Pollen Spores 22:173-189.
56. Huynh K-L, BE Stone 1981 On a new subsection of Pandanus section Cauliflora (Pandanaceae) with paniculate staminate inflorescence structure, distinctive leaf anatomy and pollen morphology. Bot J Linn Soc 83:213-220.
57. Hyde HA 1955 Oncus, a new term in pollen morphology. New Phytol 54:255-256.
58. Kluge AG 1985 Ontogeny and phylogenetic systematics. Cladistics 1: 13-27.
59. Knox RB, J Heslop-Harrison 1971 Pollen-wall proteins: electronmicroscopic localization of acid phosphatase in the intine of Crocus vernus. J Cell Sci 8:727-733.
60. Kress WJ 1986 Exineless pollen structure and pollination systems of tropical Heliconia (Heliconiaceae). Pages 329-345 in S Blackmore, IK Ferguson, eds. Pollen and spores: form and function. Academic Press, London.
61. Kress WJ, DE Stone 1982 Nature of the sporoderm in monocotyledons, with special reference to the pollen grains of Canna and Heliconia. Grana 21:129-148.
62. -1983a Morphology and phylogenetic significance of exine-less pollen of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae). Syst Bot 8:149-167.
63. -1983b Pollen intine structure, cytochemistry and function in monocots. Pages 159-163 in DL Mulcahy, E Ottaviano, eds. Pollen: biology and implications for plant breeding. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
64. Kress WJ, DE Stone, SC Sellers 1978 Ultrastructure of exine-less pollen: Heliconia (Heliconiaceae). Am J Bot 65:1064-1076.
65. Kronestedt-Robards EC, JR Rowley 1989 Pollen grain development and tapetal changes in Strelitzia reginae (Strelitziaceae). Am J Bot 76:856-870.
66. Kuprianova LA 1948 Pollen morphology and phylogeny of the monocotyledons. Tr Bot Inst Akad Nauk Ser I Flora Sistematika 7: 163-262. (In Russian.)
67. Liang Y-H 1988 Pollen morphology of the family Zingiberaceae in China: pollen types and their significance in the family. Acta Phytotax Sinica 26:265-281. (In Chinese with English summary.)
68. Linder HP, IK Ferguson 1985 On the pollen morphology and phylogeny of the Restionales and Poales. Grana 24:65-76.
69. Lugardon B, D Lobreau-Callen, A Le Thomas 1987-1988 Structure polliniques chez les Araceae. L Tribu des Spathiphylleae. J Palynol 23-24:51-57.
70. Mathew B 1989 A taxonomic revision of Iris subgenus Hermodactyloides (Iridaceae) with palynological sudies by S. Zmarzty. Pages 81-109 in K Tan, ed. Plant taxonomy, phytogeography and related subjects: the Davis and Hedge festschrift. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
71. Money LL, IW Bailey, BGL Swamy 1950 The morphology and relationships of the Monimiaceae. J Arnold Arbor Harv Univ 31: 372-404.
72. Muller J 1970 Palynological evidence on early differentiation of angiosperms. Biol Rev 45:417-450.
73. -1974 Cyperaceae: Palynology. Page 449 in CGGJ Van Steenis, ed. Flora Malesiana, Series I, Spermatophyta. Vol 7, pt 3. Flowering Plants. Noordhoff, Leyden, The Netherlands.
74. Nayar J 1996 Pollen morphology of Zingiberiflorae with particular reference to the nature of the pollen wall. Pages 64-73 in T-L Wu, Q-G Wu, Z-Y Chen, eds. Proceedings of the second symposium on the family Zingiberaceae. Zhongshan University Press, China.
75. Ohashi H, J Murata, M Takahashi 1983 Pollen morphology of the Japanese Arisaema (Araceae). Sci Rep Tohoku Univ 4th Ser (Biol) 38:219-251.
76. Pacini E, GG Franchi 1983 Pollen grain development in Smilax aspera L. and possible functions of the loculus. Pages 183-190 in DL Mulcahy, E Ottaviano, eds. Pollen biology and implications for plant breeding. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
77. Pacini E, BE Juniper 1983 The ultrastructure of the formation and development of the amoeboid tapetum in Arum italicum Miller. Protoplasma 117:116-129.
78. Pandolfi T, E Pacini 1995 The pollinium of Loroglossum hircinum (Orchidaceae) between pollination and pollen tube emission. Plant Syst Evol 196:141-151.
79. Pettitt JM 1980 Reproduction in seagrasses: nature of the pollen and receptive surface of the stigma in the Hydrocharitaceae. Ann Bot 45:257-271.
80. -1981 Reproduction in seagrasses: pollen development in Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila stipulacea and Thalassodendron ciliatum. Ann Bot 48:609-622.
81. Pettitt JM, AC Jermy 1975 Pollen in hydrophilous angiosperms. Micron 5:377-405.
82. Poole MM, DR Hunt 1980 Pollen morphology and the taxonomy of the Commelinaceae: an exploratory survey, American Commelinaceae: VIII. Kew Bull 34:639-670.
83. Punt W 1968 Pollen morphology of the American species of the subfamily Costoideae (Zingiberaceae). Rev Palaeobot Palynol 7:31-43.
84. Radulescu D 1970 Recherches morpho-palynologiques sur les espèces d'Iridaceae. Acta Bot Hort Bucuresti 1968:311-350.
85. -1973 Recherches morpho-palynologiques sur la famille Liliaceae. Acta Bot Hort Bucuresti 1973:133-248.
86. Raj B, H Van der Werff 1988 A contribution to the pollen morphology of neotropical Lauraceae. Ann Mo Bot Gard 75:130-167.
87. Reille M 1992 Pollen et spores d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Laboratoire de Botanique Historique et Palynologie, Marseille. 520 pp.
88. Romanov ID 1959 The embryosac and pollen morphology in Tulipa. Pages 331-332 in Proceedings of the IX International Botanical Congress, Montreal. Vol 2. Abstracts. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
89. Rowley JR, JJ Flynn 1990-1991 Tambourissa (Monimiaceae): microspore development in the tetrad period. Ann Sci Nat Bot Paris, ser 13, 11:125-147.
90. Rowley JR, JJ Skvarla 1986 Development of the pollen grain wall in Canna. Nord J Bot 6:39-65.
91. Rowley JR, G Vasanthy 1993 Exine development, structure, and resistance in pollen of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae). Grana 2(suppl): 49-53.
92. Rübsamen T 1986 Morphologische, embryologische und systematische Untersuchungen an Burmanniaceae und Corsiaceae (mit Ausblick auf die Orchidaceae-Apostasioideae). Vol 92. Dissertationes Botanicae. Cramer, Berlin. 310 pp, 98 pls.
93. Rübsamen-Weustenfeld T 1991 Morphologische, embryologische und systematische Untersuchungen an Triuridaceae. Bibl Bot 140: 1-113.
94. Rudall PJ, G Camphell 1999 Flower and pollen structure of Ruscaceae in relation to Aspidistreae and other Convallariaceae. Flora 194:1-14.
95. Rudall PJ, MW Chase 1996 Systematics of Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato: evidence for polyphyly. Teleopea 6:629-647.
96. Rudall PJ, CA Furness 1997 Systematics of Acorus: ovule and anther. Int J Plant Sci 158:640-651.
97. Rudall PJ, CA Furness, MW Chase, MF Fay 1997 Microsporogenesis and pollen sulcus type in Asparagales (Lilianae). Can J Bot 75: 408-430.
98. Rudall PJ, W-P Hong, CA Furness, JG Conran, G Kite, KL Stobart, MW Chase In press Consider the lilies: systematics of Liliales. In KL Wilson, D Morrison, eds. Systematics and evolution of monocots. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia.
99. Rudall PJ, DW Stevenson, HP Linder 1999 Structure and systematics of Hanguana: a monocotyledon of uncertain affinity. Aust Syst Bot 11 (in press).
100. Saad SI, RK Ibrahim 1965 Palynological and biochemical studies of Scitaminae. J Palynol 1:62-66.
101. Sampson FB 1977 Pollen tetrads of Hedycarya arborea J.R. et G. Forst. (Monimiaceae). Grana 16:61-73.
102. -1982 Variation in position of the nascent generative cell in pollen of Hedycarya (Monimiaceae). Grana 21:9-14.
103. -1993 Pollen morphology of the Amborellaceae and Hortoniaceae (Hortonioideae: Monimiaceae). Grana 32:154-162.
104. -1997 Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Australian Monimiaceae - Austromatthaea, Hedycarya, Kibara, Leviera, Steganthera and Tetrasynandra. Grana 36:135-145.
105. Schodde R 1970 Two new suprageneric taxa in the Monimiaceae alliance (Laurales). Taxon 19:324-328.
106. Schulze W 1980 Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Liliifloren. VI. Der Umfang der Liliaceae. Wiss Z Friedrich-Schiller-Univ Jena Math-Naturwiss Reihe 29:607-636.
107. -1982a Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Liliifloren. VII. Philesiaceae. Wiss Z Friedrich-Schiller-Univ Jena Math-Naturwiss Reihe 31:277-283.
108. -1982b Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Liliifloren. VIII. Smilacaceae. Wiss Z Friedrich-Schiller-Univ Jena Math-Naturwiss Reihe 31:285-289.
109. -1982c Beiträge zur Taxonomie der Liliifloren. X. Asparagaceae. Wiss Z Friedrich-Schiller-Univ Jena Math-Naturwiss Reihe 31: 309-330.
110. Sharma M 1965 Pollen morphological studies of Eriocaulon L. from India. Palynol Bull 1:45-48.
111. -1967 Pollen morphology of Indian monocotyledons. Journal of Palynology, special issue. Palynological Society of India, Lucknow. 98 pp.
112. Sheldon JM, HG Dickinson 1983 Determination of patterning in the pollen wall of Lilium henryi. J Cell Sci 63:191-208.
113. -1986 Pollen wall formation in Lilium: the effect of chaotropic agents, and the organisation of the microtubular cytoskeleton during pattern development. Planta 168:11-23.
114. Simpson MG 1983 Pollen ultrastructure of the Haemodoraceae and its taxonomic significance. Grana 22:79-103.
115. -1985 Pollen ultrastructure of the Philydraceae. Grana 24: 23-31.
116. -1987 Pollen ultrastructure of the Pontederiaceae: evidence for exine homology with the Haemodoraceae. Grana 26:113-126.
117. -1989 Pollen wall development of Xiphidium coeruleum (Haemodoraceae) and its systematic implications. Ann Bot 64:257-269.
118. Skvarla JJ, JR Rowley 1970 The pollen wall of Canna and its similarity to the germinal apertures of other pollen. Am J Bot 57: 519-529.
119. Stevenson DW, H Loconte 1995 Cladistic analysis of monocot families. Pages 543-578 in PJ Rudall, PJ Cribb, DF Cutler, CJ Humphries, eds. Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
120. Steyermark JA 1984 Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana: Xyridaceae. Ann Mo Bot Gard 71:297-340.
121. Stone DE 1987 Developmental evidence for the convergence of Sassafras (Laurales) and Heliconia (Zingiberales) pollen. Grana 26: 179-191.
122. Stone DE, SC Sellers, WJ Kress 1979 Ontogeny of exineless pollen in Heliconia, a banana relative. Ann Mo Bot Gard 66:701-730.
123. -1981 Ontogenetic and evolutionary implications of a neotenous exine in Tapeinochilos (Zingiberales: Costaceae) pollen. Am J Bot 68:49-63.
124. Straka H, B Friedrich 1984 Palynologia Madagassica et Mascarenica. Familien 17 bis 49: Gymnospermae und Monocotyledones. Trop Subtrop Pflanzenwelt 49:5-89.
125. Takahashi M 1982 Pollen morphology in North American species of Trillium. Am J Bot 69:1185-1195.
126. -1983 Pollen morphology in Asiatic species of Trillium. Bot Mag Tokyo 96:377-384.
127. -1987 Development of omniaperturate pollen in Trillium kamtschaticum (Liliaceae). Am J Bot 74:1842-1852.
128. -1994 Pollen development in a submerged plant, Ottelia alismatoides (L.) Pers. (Hydrocharitaceae). J Plant Res 107:161-164.
129. -1995 Development of structure-less pollen wall in Ceratophyllum demersum L. (Ceratophyllaceae). J Plant Res 108: 205-208.
130. Takahashi M, S Kawano 1989 Pollen morphology of the Melanthiaceae and its systematic implications. Ann Mo Bot Gard 76: 863-876.
131. Takahashi M, K Sohma 1979 Pollen wall formation and tapetum in Disporum smilacinum A. Gray (Liliaceae). Sci Rep Tohoku Univ Ser IV (Biol) 37:273-281.
132. Thanikaimoni G 1965 Contribution to the pollen morphology of Eriocaulaceae. Pollen Spores 8:181-191.
133. -1970a Les palmiers: palynologie et systématique. Trav Sect Sci Tech Inst Fr Pondichèry 11:1-286.
134. -1970b Pollen morphology, classification and phylogeny of Palmae. Adansonia, Ser II, 9:347-365.
135. -1978 Palynological terms: proposed definitions. Proc Fourth Int Palynol Conf, Lucknow 1:228-239.
136. -1986 Pollen apertures: form and function. Pages 119-136 in S Blackmore, IK Ferguson, eds. Pollen and spores: form and function. Academic Press, London.
137. Theilade I, M-L Mærsk-Møller, J Theilade, K Larsen 1993 Pollen morphology and structure of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae). Grana 32: 338-342.
138. Theilade I, J Theilade 1996 Ontogeny of pollen grains in Zingiber spectabile (Zingiberaceae). Grana 35:162-170.
139. Tiwari SC, BES Gunning 1986 Development of tapetum and microspores in Canna L.: an example of an invasive but non-syncytial tapetum. Ann Bot 57:557-563.
140. Trevisan L 1980 Ultrastructural notes and considerations on Ephe-drites, Eucommiidites and Monosulcites pollen grains from Lower Cretaceous sediments of southern Tuscany (Italy). Pollen Spores 22: 85-132.
141. Ueno J 1980 On the spiraperturate pollen grains. Jpn J Palynol 25: 33-47. (In Japanese with English summary.)
142. Van der Ham RWJM 1991 Pollen morphology of the Stemonaceae. Blumea 36:127-159.
143. Van der Merwe JJM, AE Van Wyk, PDF Kok 1990 Pollen types in the Lauraceae. Grana 29:185-196.
144. Walker JW 1974 Aperture evolution in the pollen of primitive angiosperms. Am J Bot 61:1112-1136.
145. -1976 Comparative pollen morphology and phylogeny of the ranalean complex. Pages 241-299 in CB Beck, ed. Origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Columbia University Press, New York.
146. Weber M, H Halbritter, M Hesse 1999 The basic pollen wall types in Araceae. Int J Plant Sci 160:415-423.
147. Wodehouse RP 1933 Tertiary pollen. II. The oil shales of the Eocene Green River formation. Bull Torrey Bot Club 60:479-524.
148. -1935 Pollen grains: their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine. McGraw-Hill, New York. 574 pp.
149. Yamashita T 1976 Über die Pollenbildung bei Halodule pinifolia und H. uninervis. Beitr Biol Pflanz 52:217-226.
150. Zavada MS 1983 Comparative morphology of monocot pollen and evolutionary trends of apertures and wall structures. Bot Rev 49: 331-379.