-
2
-
-
0024941018
-
Exclusion of birds from bilberry stands: Impact on insect larval density and damage to bilberry
-
ATLEGRIM, O. 1989. Exclusion of birds from bilberry stands: impact on insect larval density and damage to bilberry. Oecologia (Berl) 79: 136-139.
-
(1989)
Oecologia (Berl)
, vol.79
, pp. 136-139
-
-
Atlegrim, O.1
-
3
-
-
0003756375
-
-
MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
-
BISHOP, Y. M. M., S. E. FIENBERG, AND P. W. HOLLAND. 1975. Discrete multivariate analysis: theory and practice. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
-
(1975)
Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice
-
-
Bishop, Y.M.M.1
Fienberg, S.E.2
Holland, P.W.3
-
4
-
-
0029839466
-
A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade
-
BRETT, M. T., AND C. R. GOLDMAN. 1996. A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 7723-7726.
-
(1996)
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
, vol.93
, pp. 7723-7726
-
-
Brett, M.T.1
Goldman, C.R.2
-
5
-
-
0030301668
-
Decoupling of cascading trophic interactions in a freshwater, benthic food chain
-
BRÖNMARK, C., AND S. E. B. WEISNER. 1996. Decoupling of cascading trophic interactions in a freshwater, benthic food chain. Oecologia (Berl) 108: 534-541.
-
(1996)
Oecologia (Berl)
, vol.108
, pp. 534-541
-
-
Brönmark, C.1
Weisner, S.E.B.2
-
6
-
-
0001797217
-
Flora Costaricensis
-
BURGER, W. 1971. Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana Botany 35: 1-227.
-
(1971)
Fieldiana Botany
, vol.35
, pp. 1-227
-
-
Burger, W.1
-
8
-
-
0028975770
-
Top-down effects in soybean agroecosystems
-
CARTER, P. E., AND A. L. RYPSTRA. 1995. Top-down effects in soybean agroecosystems. Oikos 72: 433-439.
-
(1995)
Oikos
, vol.72
, pp. 433-439
-
-
Carter, P.E.1
Rypstra, A.L.2
-
9
-
-
0024230143
-
The effects of rabbit grazing on regeneration of she-oaks, Allocasuarina verticilliata, and saltwater titrees, Melaleuca halmaturorum, in the Coorong National Park, South Australia
-
COOKE, B. 1987. The effects of rabbit grazing on regeneration of she-oaks, Allocasuarina verticilliata, and saltwater titrees, Melaleuca halmaturorum, in the Coorong National Park, South Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 13: 11-20.
-
(1987)
Aust. J. Ecol.
, vol.13
, pp. 11-20
-
-
Cooke, B.1
-
10
-
-
0001905130
-
Symbiosis of ants with Cecropia as a function of the light regime
-
C. R. Huxley and D. F. Cutler (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
-
DAVIDSON, D. W., AND B. L. FISHER. 1991. Symbiosis of ants with Cecropia as a function of the light regime. In C. R. Huxley and D. F. Cutler (Eds.). Ant-plant interactions, pp. 289-309. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
-
(1991)
Ant-plant Interactions
, pp. 289-309
-
-
Davidson, D.W.1
Fisher, B.L.2
-
11
-
-
0001274937
-
The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them
-
FRETWELL, S. D. 1977. The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 20: 169-185.
-
(1977)
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
, vol.20
, pp. 169-185
-
-
Fretwell, S.D.1
-
12
-
-
0023501823
-
Food chain dynamics: The central theory of ecology?
-
_. 1987. Food chain dynamics: the central theory of ecology? Oikos 50: 291-301.
-
(1987)
Oikos
, vol.50
, pp. 291-301
-
-
-
13
-
-
0027833367
-
Predispersal seed predation on five Piper species in a tropical rainforest
-
GREIG, N. 1993. Predispersal seed predation on five Piper species in a tropical rainforest. Oecologia (Berl) 93: 412-420.
-
(1993)
Oecologia (Berl)
, vol.93
, pp. 412-420
-
-
Greig, N.1
-
14
-
-
0001030091
-
Community structure, population control, and competition
-
HAIRSTON, N. G., F. E. SMITH, AND L. B. SLOBODKIN. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. Am. Nat. 94: 421-424.
-
(1960)
Am. Nat.
, vol.94
, pp. 421-424
-
-
Hairston, N.G.1
Smith, F.E.2
Slobodkin, L.B.3
-
16
-
-
0026579951
-
Playing chutes and ladders: Heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities
-
HUNTER, M. D., AND P. W. PRICE. 1992. Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73: 724-732.
-
(1992)
Ecology
, vol.73
, pp. 724-732
-
-
Hunter, M.D.1
Price, P.W.2
-
17
-
-
0020947454
-
Passive aggression: An alternative hypothesis for the Piper-Pheidole association
-
LETOURNEAU, D. K. 1983. Passive aggression: an alternative hypothesis for the Piper-Pheidole association. Oecologia (Berl) 60: 122-126.
-
(1983)
Oecologia (Berl)
, vol.60
, pp. 122-126
-
-
Letourneau, D.K.1
-
18
-
-
0025247393
-
Code of ant-plant mutualism broken by parasite
-
_. 1990. Code of ant-plant mutualism broken by parasite. Science (Wash. DC) 248: 215-217.
-
(1990)
Science (Wash. DC)
, vol.248
, pp. 215-217
-
-
-
19
-
-
0031823263
-
Ants, stem-borers, and fungal pathogens: Experimental tests of a fitness advantage in Piper ant-plants
-
_. 1998. Ants, stem-borers, and fungal pathogens: experimental tests of a fitness advantage in Piper ant-plants. Ecology 79: 593-603.
-
(1998)
Ecology
, vol.79
, pp. 593-603
-
-
-
20
-
-
84889201286
-
Experimental test in lowland tropical forest shows top-down effects through four trophic levels
-
In press
-
_, AND L. A. DYER. In press. Experimental test in lowland tropical forest shows top-down effects through four trophic levels. Ecology.
-
Ecology
-
-
Dyer, L.A.1
-
21
-
-
0002846533
-
Herbivore fauna of Piper (Piperaceae) in a Costa Rican wet forest: Diversity, specificity, and impact
-
P. W. Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes, and W. W. Benson (Eds.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York
-
MARQUIS, R. J. 1991. Herbivore fauna of Piper (Piperaceae) in a Costa Rican wet forest: diversity, specificity, and impact. In P. W. Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes, and W. W. Benson (Eds.). Plant-animal interactions: evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions, pp. 179-208. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York.
-
(1991)
Plant-animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions
, pp. 179-208
-
-
Marquis, R.J.1
-
22
-
-
0028162666
-
Insectivorous birds increase growth of white oak through consumption of leaf-chewing insects
-
_, AND C. J. WHELAN. 1994. Insectivorous birds increase growth of white oak through consumption of leaf-chewing insects. Ecology 75: 2007-2014.
-
(1994)
Ecology
, vol.75
, pp. 2007-2014
-
-
Whelan, C.J.1
-
23
-
-
0001840948
-
Promising new directions in the study of ant-plant mutualisms
-
W. Greuter and B. Zimmer (Eds.). Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, Germany
-
MCKEY, D. 1988. Promising new directions in the study of ant-plant mutualisms. In W. Greuter and B. Zimmer (Eds.). Proceedings of the XIV International Botanical Congress, pp. 335-355. Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, Germany.
-
(1988)
Proceedings of the XIV International Botanical Congress
, pp. 335-355
-
-
Mckey, D.1
-
24
-
-
0028668989
-
Wolves, moose and tree rings on Isle Royale
-
MCLAREN, B. E., AND R. O. PETERSEN. 1994. Wolves, moose and tree rings on Isle Royale. Science (Wash. DC) 266: 1555-1559.
-
(1994)
Science (Wash. DC)
, vol.266
, pp. 1555-1559
-
-
Mclaren, B.E.1
Petersen, R.O.2
-
25
-
-
0030431939
-
Top-down cascade from a bitrophic predator in an old-field community
-
MORAN, M. D., T. P. ROONEY, AND L. E. HURD. 1996. Top-down cascade from a bitrophic predator in an old-field community. Ecology 77: 2219-2227.
-
(1996)
Ecology
, vol.77
, pp. 2219-2227
-
-
Moran, M.D.1
Rooney, T.P.2
Hurd, L.E.3
-
26
-
-
0000979226
-
Predation, herbivory, and plant strategies along gradients of primary productivity
-
D. Tilman and J. Grace (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, New York
-
OKSANEN, L. 1990. Predation, herbivory, and plant strategies along gradients of primary productivity. In D. Tilman and J. Grace (Eds.). Perspectives on plant competition, pp. 445-474. Academic Press, New York, New York.
-
(1990)
Perspectives on Plant Competition
, pp. 445-474
-
-
Oksanen, L.1
-
27
-
-
0025953201
-
Trophic levels and trophic dynamics: A consensus emerging?
-
_. 1991. Trophic levels and trophic dynamics: a consensus emerging? Trends Ecol. Evol. 6: 58-60.
-
(1991)
Trends Ecol. Evol.
, vol.6
, pp. 58-60
-
-
-
28
-
-
0000376685
-
Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity
-
_, S. D. FRETWELL, J. ARRUDA, AND P. NIEMELA. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. Am. Nat. 118: 240-261.
-
(1981)
Am. Nat.
, vol.118
, pp. 240-261
-
-
Fretwell, S.D.1
Arruda, J.2
Niemela, P.3
-
29
-
-
0030472660
-
Food web complexity and community dynamics
-
POLIS, G. A. AND D. R. STRONG. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. Am. Nat. 147: 813-846.
-
(1996)
Am. Nat.
, vol.147
, pp. 813-846
-
-
Polis, G.A.1
Strong, D.R.2
-
30
-
-
0001633410
-
Effect of fish in river food webs
-
POWER, M. E. 1990. Effect of fish in river food webs. Science (Wash. DC) 250: 411-415.
-
(1990)
Science (Wash. DC)
, vol.250
, pp. 411-415
-
-
Power, M.E.1
-
31
-
-
0001720064
-
Mutualism between three species of tropical Piper (Piperaceae) and their ant inhabitants
-
RISCH, S., M. MCCLURE, J. VANDERMEER, AND S. WALTZ. 1977. Mutualism between three species of tropical Piper (Piperaceae) and their ant inhabitants. Am. Midi. Nat. 98: 433-444.
-
(1977)
Am. Midi. Nat.
, vol.98
, pp. 433-444
-
-
Risch, S.1
Mcclure, M.2
Vandermeer, J.3
Waltz, S.4
-
32
-
-
0000594214
-
Mutualism in which ants must be present before plants produce food bodies
-
_, AND F. R. RICKSON. 1981. Mutualism in which ants must be present before plants produce food bodies. Nature 291: 149-150.
-
(1981)
Nature
, vol.291
, pp. 149-150
-
-
Rickson, F.R.1
-
33
-
-
0030302136
-
Bottom-up and top-down influences in the trophic system of a willow, a galling sawfly, parasitoids, and inquilines
-
ROININEN, H., P. W. PRICE, AND J. TAHVANAINEN. 1996. Bottom-up and top-down influences in the trophic system of a willow, a galling sawfly, parasitoids, and inquilines. Oikos 77: 44-50.
-
(1996)
Oikos
, vol.77
, pp. 44-50
-
-
Roininen, H.1
Price, P.W.2
Tahvanainen, J.3
-
35
-
-
0024875977
-
Food webs from the small to the large
-
SCHOENER, T. W. 1989. Food webs from the small to the large. Ecology 70: 1559-1589.
-
(1989)
Ecology
, vol.70
, pp. 1559-1589
-
-
Schoener, T.W.1
-
36
-
-
0001220095
-
Regulation in terrestrial ecosystems, and the implied balance of nature
-
SLOBODKIN, L. B., F. E. SMITH, AND N. G. HAIRSTON. 1967. Regulation in terrestrial ecosystems, and the implied balance of nature. Am. Nat. 101: 109-124.
-
(1967)
Am. Nat.
, vol.101
, pp. 109-124
-
-
Slobodkin, L.B.1
Smith, F.E.2
Hairston, N.G.3
-
37
-
-
0002771101
-
Effects of enrichment in mathematical models
-
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC
-
SMITH, F. E. 1969. Effects of enrichment in mathematical models. In Eutrophication: causes, consequences, correctives, pp. 631-645. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
-
(1969)
Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives
, pp. 631-645
-
-
Smith, F.E.1
-
38
-
-
0025624189
-
A terrestrial field experiment showing the impact of eliminating top predators on foliage damage
-
SPILLER, D. A., AND T. W. SCHOENER. 1990. A terrestrial field experiment showing the impact of eliminating top predators on foliage damage. Nature 347: 469-472.
-
(1990)
Nature
, vol.347
, pp. 469-472
-
-
Spiller, D.A.1
Schoener, T.W.2
-
39
-
-
0030614002
-
Experimental manipulations of top-down and bottom-up factors in a tri-trophic system
-
STILING, P., AND A. M. ROSSI. 1997. Experimental manipulations of top-down and bottom-up factors in a tri-trophic system. Ecology 78: 1602-1606.
-
(1997)
Ecology
, vol.78
, pp. 1602-1606
-
-
Stiling, P.1
Rossi, A.M.2
-
40
-
-
0026549291
-
Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor control in speciose ecosystems
-
STRONG, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73: 747-754.
-
(1992)
Ecology
, vol.73
, pp. 747-754
-
-
Strong, D.R.1
-
41
-
-
0030826632
-
Multiple trophic levels of a forest stream linked to terrestrial litter inputs
-
WALLACE, J. B., S. L. EGGERT, J. L. MEYER, AND J. R. WEBSTER. 1997. Multiple trophic levels of a forest stream linked to terrestrial litter inputs. Science (Wash. DC) 277: 102-104.
-
(1997)
Science (Wash. DC)
, vol.277
, pp. 102-104
-
-
Wallace, J.B.1
Eggert, S.L.2
Meyer, J.L.3
Webster, J.R.4
-
42
-
-
0027036004
-
Trends in abundance of tropical forest insects
-
WOLDA, H. 1992. Trends in abundance of tropical forest insects. Oecologia (BerL) 89: 47-52.
-
(1992)
Oecologia (BerL)
, vol.89
, pp. 47-52
-
-
Wolda, H.1
|