Cell signaling by nitric oxide

Seminars in Nephrology

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 215-229

  Lane, Paul ^a   Gross, Steven S ^a,b  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^b Medical College ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR; ENDOTHELIUM DERIVED RELAXING FACTOR; FREE RADICAL; GUANYLATE CYCLASE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

APOPTOSIS; ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLISM; CYTOTOXICITY; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMAN; IRON METABOLISM; KIDNEY ISCHEMIA; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; ARACHIDONIC ACID; DNA; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; IRON; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE;

EID: 0032925958     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (205)

1. Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, et al: Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9265-9276, 1987
2. Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S: Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327:524-526, 1987
3. Ignarro LJ, Byrns RE, Woods KE: Biochemical and pharmacological properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and its similarity to nitric oxide radical, in Vanhoulte, PM (ed): Vasodilatation: Vascular Smooth Muscle, Peptides, Autonomic Nerves and Endothelium, New York, NY, Raven, pp 427-436 1988
4. Furchgott RF: Studies on relaxation of rabbit aorta by sodium nitrite: The basis for the proposal that the acid-activatable inhibitory factor from bovine retractor penis is inorganic nitrite and the endothelium-derived relaxing factor is nitric oxide, in Vanhoutte, PM, (ed) Vasodilation: Vascular smooth muscle, Peptides, Autonomic nerves, and Endothelium. New York, NY, Raven, pp 401-414 1988
5. Azuma H, Ishikawa M, Sekizaki S: Endothelium-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation, Br J Pharmacol 88:411-415, 1986
6. Hibbs JB, Jr, Vavrin Z, Taintor RR: L-arginine is required for expression of the activated macrophage effector mechanism causing selective metabolic inhibition in target cells. J Immunol 138:550-565, 1987
7. lyengar R, Stuehr DJ, and Marletta MA: Macrophage synthesis of nitrite, nitrate, and N-nitrosamines: Precursors and role of the respiratory burst. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:6369-6373, 1987
8. Marietta MA, Yoon PS, Iyengar R, et al: Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: Nitric oxide is an intermediate. Biochemistry 27:8706-8711, 1988
9. Hibbs JB, Jr, Taintor RR, Vavrin Z: Macrophage cytotoxicity: Role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite. Science 235:473-476, 1987
10. Tiao G, Rafferty J, Ogle C, et al: Detrimental effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition during endotoxemia may be caused by high levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6. Surgery 116:332-338, 1994
11. Harbrecht BG, Wang SC, Simmon's RL, et al: Cyclic GMP and guanylate cyclase mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced Kupffer cell tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis. J Leukoc Biol 57:297-302, 1995
12. Bredt DS, Hwang PM, Snyder SH: Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide. Nature 347:768-770, 1990
13. Yamada K: Role of nitric oxide in learning and memory processes. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 111:87-96, 1998
14. Rickard NS, Ng KT, Gibbs ME: Further support for nitric oxide-dependent memory processing in the day-old chick. Neurobiol Learn Mem 69:79-86, 1998
15. Prickaerts J, Steinbusch HW, Smits JF, et al: Possible role of nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in object recognition memory: effects of 7-nitroindazoIe and zaprinast. Eur J Pharmacol337:125-136, 1997
16. Chen J, Zhang S, Zuo P, et al: Memory-related changes of nitric oxide synthase activity and nitrite level in rat brain. Neuroreport 8:1771-1774, 1997
17. Kendrick KM, Guevara-Guzman R, Zorrilla, J, et al: Formation of olfactory memories mediated by nitric oxide. Nature 388:670-674, 1997
18. Bohme GA, Bon C, Lemaire M, et al: Altered synaptic plasticity and memory formation in nitric oxide synthase inhibitor-treated rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:9191-9194, 1993
19. Holscher C, Rose SP: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis prevents memory formation in the chick. Neurosci Lett 145:165-167, 1992
20. Argiolas A: Nitric oxide is a central mediator of penile erection. Neuropharmacology 33:1339-1344, 1994
21. Melis MR, and Argiolas A: Nitric oxide donors induce penile erection and yawning when injected in the central nervous system of male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 294:1-9, 1995
22. Hellstrom WJ, Monga M, Wang R, et al: Penile erection in the primate: Induction with nitric-oxide donors. J Urol 151:1723-1727, 1994
23. Trigo-Rocha F, Aronson WJ, Hohenfellner M, et al: Nitric oxide and cGMP: Mediators of pelvic nerve-stimulated erection in dogs. Am J Physiol 264:H419-422, 1993
24. Bumett AL, Lowenstein CJ, Bredt DS, et al: Nitric oxide: A physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science 257:401-403, 1992
25. Jung HC, Mun KH, Park TC, et al: Role of nitric oxide in penile erection. Yonsei Med J 38:261-269, 1997
26. Takakura K, Hasegawa K, Goto Y, et al: Nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase delays gastric emptying in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Anesthesiology 87:652-657, 1997
27. Konturek JW, Thor P, Domschke W: Effects of nitric oxide on antral motility and gastric emptying in humans. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:97-102, 1995
28. Orihata M, and Sarna SK: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase delays gastric emptying of solid meals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271:660-670, 1994
29. Plourde V, Quintero E, Suto G, et al: Delayed gastric emptying induced by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 256:125-129, 1994
30. Rettori V, Belova N, Dees WL, et al: Role of nitric oxide in the control of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release in vivo and in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10130-10134, 1993
31. Seilicovich A, Duvilanski BH, Pisera D, et al: Nitric oxide inhibits hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by releasing gamma-aminobutyric acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:3421-3424, 1995
32. McCann SM, Kimura M, Karanth S, et al: Nitric oxide controls the hypothalamic-pituitary response to cytokines. Neuroimmunomodulation 4:98-106, 1997
33. Peunova N, Enikolopov G: Nitric oxide triggers a switch to growth arrest during differentiation of neuronal cells. Nature 375:68-73, 1995
34. Morbidelli L, Chang CH, Douglas JG, et al: Nitric oxide mediates mitogenic effect of VEGF on coronary venular endothelium. Am J Physiol 270:H411-415, 1996
35. Maclntyre I, Zaidi M, Alam AS, et al: Osteoclastic inhibition: An action of nitric oxide not mediated by cyclic GMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2936-2940, 1991
36. Noiri E, Peresleni T, Srivastava N, et al: Nitric oxide is necessary for a switch from stationary to locomoting phenotype in epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 270:0794-802, 1996
37. Sarih M, Souvannavong V, Adam A: Nitric oxide synthase induces macrophage death by apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191:503-508, 1993
38. Albina JE, Cui S, Mateo RB, et al: Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol 150:5080-5085, 1993
39. Messmer UK, Reed UK, Brune B: Bcl-2 protects macrophages from nitric oxide-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 271:20192-20197, 1996
40. Beauvais F, Michel L, Dubertret L: The nitric oxide donors, azide and hydroxylamine, inhibit the programmed cell death of cytokine-deprived human eosinophils. FEBS Lett 361:229-232, 1995
41. Mannick JB, Asano K, Izumi K, et al: Nitric oxide produced by human B lymphocytes inhibits apoptosis and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Cell 79:1137-1146, 1994
42. Chun SY, Eisenhauer KM, Kubo M, et al: Interleukin-1 beta suppresses apoptosis in rat ovarian follicles by increasing nitric oxide production. Endocrinology 136:3120-3127, 1995
43. Arnold WP, Mittal CK, Katsuki S, et al: Nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase and increases guanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate levels in various tissue preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3203-3207, 1977
44. Craven PA, De Rubertis FR: Restoration of the responsiveness of purified guanylate cyclase to nitrosoguanidine, nitric oxide, and related activators by heme and hemeproteins. Evidence for involvement of the paramagnetic nitrosyl-heme complex in enzyme activation. J Biol Chem 253:8433-8443, 1978
45. Gruetter CA, Barry BK, McNamara DB, et al: Relaxation of bovine coronary artery and activation of coronary arterial guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide, nitroprusside and a carcinogenic nitrosoamine. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 5:211-224, 1979
46. 2-, NO3-, N2O, and NO production in exponentially growing cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2068-2072, 1989
47. Mitchell HH, Schonle HA, Grindy HS: The origin of nitrates in the urine. Journal of biological chemistry 24:461-490, 1916
48. Green LC, Ruiz de Luzuriaga K, Wagner DA, et al: Nitrate biosynthesis in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7764-7768, 1981
49. Tannenbaum SR, Fett D, Young VR, et al: Nitrite and nitrate are formed by endogenous synthesis in the human intestine. Science 200:1487-1489, 1978
50. Green LC, Tannenbaum SR, Goldman P: Nitrate synthesis in the germfree and conventional rat. Science 212:56-58, 1981
51. Bogovski P, Bogovski S: Animal species in which N-nitroso compounds induce cancer. Int J Cancer 27:471-474, 1981
52. Wagner DA, Young VR, Tannenbaum SR: Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: Incorporation of 15NH3 into nitrate is enhanced by endotoxin treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:4518-4521, 1983
53. Stuehr DJ, Marietta MA: Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: Mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:7738-7742, 1985
54. Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV: The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288:373-376, 1980
55. Holzmann S: Endothelium-induced relaxation by acetylcholine associated with larger rises in cyclic GMP in coronary arterial strips. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 8:409-4019, 1982
56. Forstermann U, Mulsch A, Bohme E, et al: Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase by an acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived factor from rabbit and canine arteries. Circ Res 58:531-538, 1986
57. Schmidt HH, Nau H, Wittfoht W, et al: Arginine is a physiological precursor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Eur J Pharmacol 154:213-216, 1988
58. Sakuma I, Stuehr DJ, Gross SS, et al: Identification of arginine as a precursor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8664-8667, 1988
59. Palmer RM, Ashton DS, Moncada S: Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature 333:664-666, 1988
60. Granger DL, Lehninger AL, Hibbs JB, Jr: Aberrant oxygen metabolism in neoplastic cells injured by cytotoxic macrophages. Adv Exp Med Biol 184:51-63, 1985
61. Hibbs JB, Jr, Taintor RR, Vavrin Z, et al: Nitric oxide: A cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule [published erratum appears in Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989 Jan 31; 158 (2):624], Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157:87-94, 1988
62. Stuehr DJ, Kwon NS, Gross SS, et al: Synthesis of nitrogen oxides from L-arginine by macrophage cytosol: Requirement for inducible and constitutive components. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161:420-426, 1989
63. Stuehr DJ, Gross SS, Sakuma I, et al: Activated murine macrophages secrete a metabolite of arginine with the bioactivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and the chemical reactivity of nitric oxide. J Exp Med 169:1011-1020, 1989
64. Bredt DS, Snyder SH: Nitric oxide mediates glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:9030-9033, 1989
65. Sessa WC: The nitric oxide synthase family of proteins. J Vasc Res 31:131-143, 1994
66. Marsden PA, Heng HH, Scherer SW, et al: Structure and chromosomal localization of the human constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. J Biol Chem 268:17478-17488, 1993
67. Marsden PA, Heng HH, Duff CL, et al: Localization of the human gene for inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) to chromosome 17q11.2-q12. Genomics 19:183-185, 1994
68. Xu W, German P, Sheer D, et al: Regional localization of the gene coding for human brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) to 12q24.2-24.31 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 64:62-63, 1993
69. Robinson LJ, Weremowicz S, Morion CC, et al: Isolation and chromosomal localization of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene. Genomics 19:350-357, 1994
70. Hall AV, Antoniou H, Wang Y, et al: Structural organization of the human neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS1). J Biol Chem 269:33082-33090, 1994
71. Kishimoto J, Spurr N, Liao M, et al: Localization of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to human chromosome 12 [published erratum appears in Genomics 1993 Feb; 15(2):465]. Genomics 14:802-804, 1992
72. Chartrain NA, Geller DA, Koty PP, et al: Molecular cloning, structure, and chromosomal localization of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. J Biol Chem 269:6765-6772, 1994
73. Xu W, Charles IG, Moncada S, et al: Mapping of the genes encoding human inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS2 and NOS3) to the pericentric region of chromosome 17 and to chromosome 7, respectively. Genomics 21:419-422, 1994
74. Cho HJ, Xie QW, Calaycay J, et al: Calmodulin is a subunit of nitric oxide synthase from macrophages. J Exp Med 176:599-604, 1992
75. Nathan C, Xie QW: Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controls. Cell 78:915-918, 1994
76. Green SJ, Mellouk S, Hoffman SL, et al: Cellular mechanisms of nonspecific immunity to intracellular infection: Cytokine-induced synthesis of toxic nitrogen oxides from L-arginine by macrophages and hepatocytes. Immunol Lett 25:15-19, 1990
77. Hayashi S, Chan CC, Gazzinelli R, et al: Contribution of nitric oxide to the host parasite equilibrium in toxoplasmosis. J Immunol 156:1476-1481, 1996
78. Kilbourn RG, Gross SS, Jubran A, et al: NG-methyl-L-arginine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced hypotension: Implications for the involvement of nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:3629-3632, 1990
79. Kilbourn RG, Gross SS, Lodato RF, et al: Inhibition of interleukin-1-alpha-induced nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth muscle and full reversal of interleukin-1-alpha-induced hypotension by N omega-amino-L-arginine. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1008-1016, 1992
80. Kilbourn RG, Owen-Schaub LB, Cromeens DM, et al: NG-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, reverses IL-2-mediated hypotension in dogs. J Appl Physiol 76:1130-1137, 1994
81. Lin PJ, Chang CH, Chang JP: Reversal of refractory hypotension in septic shock by inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Chest 106:626-629, 1994
82. Petros A, Bennett D, Vallance P: Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on hypotension in patients with septic shock. Lancet 338:1557-1558, 1991
83. Liu SF, Ye X, Malik AB: In vivo inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation prevents inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and systemic hypotension in a rat model of septic shock. J Immunol 159:3976-3983, 1997
84. Kobzik L, Bredt DS, Lowenstein CJ, et al: Nitric oxide synthase in human and rat lung: immunocytochemical and histochemical localization. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 9:371-377, 1993
85. Stuehr DJ, Griffith OW: Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 65:287-346, 1992
86. Stuehr DJ, Ikeda-Saito M: Spectral characterization of brain and macrophage nitric oxide synthases. Cytochrome P-450-like hemeproteins that contain a flavin semiquinone radical. J Biol Chem 267:20547-20550, 1992
87. Bredt DS, Hwang PM, Glatt CE, et al: Cloned and expressed nitric oxide synthase structurally resembles cytochrome P-450 reductase. Nature 351:714-718, 1991
88. McMillan K, Bredt DS, Hirsch DJ, et al: Cloned, expressed rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase contains stoichiometric amounts of heme, which binds carbon monoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 89:11141-11145, 1992
89. White KA, Marietta MA: Nitric oxide synthase is a cytochrome P-450 type hemoprotein. Biochemistry 31:6627-6631, 1992
90. Wink DA, Darbyshire JF, Nims RW, et al: Reactions of the bioregulatory agent nitric oxide in oxygenated aqueous media: Determination of the kinetics for oxidation and nitrosation by intermediates generated in the NO/O2 reaction. Chem Res Toxicol 6:23-27, 1993
91. Lancaster JR, Jr: Simulation of the diffusion and reaction of endogenously produced nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 91:8137-8141, 1994
92. Stamler JS: Redox signaling: Nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide. Cell 78:931-936, 1994
93. Stamler JS, Singel DJ, Loscalzo J: Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms. Science 258:1898-1902, 1992
94. Gaston B, Drazen JM, Jansen A, et al: Relaxation of human bronchial smooth muscle by S-nitrosothiols in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 268:978-984, 1994
95. Butler AR, Flitney FW, Williams DL: NO, nitrosonium ions, nitroxide ions, nitrosothiols and iron-nitrosyls in biology: A chemist's perspective. Trends Pharmacol Sei 16:18-22, 1995
96. Beckman J, Beckman T, Chen J: Apparent hydroxyl radical formation by peroxynitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and Superoxide, Proc Nat Acad Sei 87:1620-1624, 1990
97. Ischiropoulos H, Zhu L, Chen J: Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration catalyzed by Superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys 298:431-437, 1992
98. Zhu L, Gunn C, Beckman JS: Bactericidal activity of peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 298:452-457, 1992
99. Radi R, Beckman J, Bush K, et al: Peroxy nitrite-induced membrane lipid peroxidation: The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Arch Biochem Biopys 288:481-487, 1991
100. Radi R, Beckman JS, Bush KM, et al: Peroxynitrite oxidation of sulfhydryls. The cytotoxic potential of Superoxide and nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 266:4244-4250, 1991
101. Inoue S, Kawanishi S: Oxidative DNA damage induced by simultaneous generation of nitric oxide and Superoxide. FEBS Lett 371:86-88, 1995
102. Wink DA, Kasprzak KS, Maragos CM, et al: DNA deaminating ability and genotoxicity of nitric oxide and its progenitors. Science 254:1001-1003, 1991
103. Hogg N, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B: The oxidation of alpha-tocopherol and trolox by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 314:153-158, 1994
104. White CR, Brock TA, Chang LY, et al: Superoxide and peroxynitrite in atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 91: 1044-1048, 1994
105. Pfeiffer S, Mayer B: Lack of tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite generated at physiological pH. J Biol Chem 273: 27280-27285, 1998
106. Martin BL, Wu D, Jakes S, et al: Chemical influences on the specificity of tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 265:7108-7111, 1990
107. Berlett BS, Friguet B, Yim MB, et al: Peroxynitritemediated nitration of tyrosine residues in Escherichla coll glutamine synthetase mimics adenylylation: Relevance to signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 93:1776-1780, 1996
108. Lundblad RL, Noyes CM, Featherstone GL, et al: The reaction of bovine alpha-thrombin with tetranitromethane. Characterization of the modified protein. J Biol Chem 263: 3729-3734, 1988
109. Deckers-Hebestreit G, Schmid R, Kiltz HH, et al: FO portion of Escherichia coli ATP synthase: Orientation of subunit c in the membrane. Biochemistry 26:5486-5492, 1987
110. van der Veen RC, Hinton DR, Incardonna F, et al: Extensive peroxynitrite activity during progressive stages of central nervous system inflammation. J Neuroimmunol 77:1-7, 1997
111. Cross AH, Manning PT, Stern MK, et al: Evidence for the production of peroxynitrite in inflammatory CNS demyelination. J Neuroimmunol 80:121-130, 1997
112. Nixon RA: The regulation of neurofilament protein dynamics by phosphorylation: Clues to neurofibrillary pathobiology. Brain Pathol 3:29-38, 1993
113. Zeng J, Heuchel R, Schaffner W, et al: Thionein (apometallothionein) can modulate DNA binding and transcription activation by zinc finger containing factor Spl. FEBS Lett, 279:310-312, 1991
114. Drapier JC, Hirling H, Wietzerbin J, et al: Biosynthesis of nitric oxide activates iron regulatory factor in macrophages. Embo J 12:3643-3649, 1993
115. Weiss G, Goossen B, Doppier W: Translational regulation via iron-responsive elements by the nitric oxide/NOsynthase pathway. Embo J 12:3651-3657, 1993
116. Pantopoulos K, Hentze MW: Nitric oxide signaling to iron-regulatory protein: Direct control of ferritin mRNA trans-lation and transfemn receptor mRNA stability in transfected fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 92:1267-1271, 1995
117. Kroncke KD, Fehsei K, Schmidt T, et al: Nitric oxide destroys zinc-sulfur clusters inducing zinc release from metallothionein and inhibition of the zinc finger-type yeast transcription activator LAC9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200: 1105-1110, 1994
118. Stuehr DJ, Nathan CF: Nitric oxide. A macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in tumor target cells. J Exp Med 169:1543-1555, 1989
119. Hibbs JB, Taintor RR, Vavrin Z, et al: Synthesis of nitric oxide from a terminal guanido nitrogen atom of L-arginine: A molecular mechanism regulating cellular proliferation that targets intracellular iron, in Moncada S, Hibbs JB (eds) Nitric oxide from L-arginine, Amsterdam: Eisevier Sei; pp. 189-223, 1990
120. Rubbo H, Radi R, Tmjillo M, et al: Nitric oxide regulation of Superoxide and peroxynitrite-dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen-containing oxidized lipid derivatives. J Biol Chem 269:26066-26075, 1994
121. Padmaja S, Huie RE: The reaction of nitric oxide with organic peroxyl radicals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 195: 539-544, 1993
122. Buga CM, Griscavage JM, Rogers NE, et al: Negative feedback regulation of endothelial cell function by nitric oxide. Circ Res 73:808-812, 1993
123. Abu-Soud HM, Wang J, Rousseau DL, et al: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase self-inactivates by forming a ferrousnitrosyl complex during aerobic catalysis. J Biol Chem 270: 22997-23006, 1995
124. Griscavage JM, Rogers NE, Sherman MP, et al: Inducible nitric oxide synthase from a rat alveolar macrophage cell line is inhibited by nitric oxide. J Immunol 151:6329-6337, 1993
125. Montague PR, Gancayco CD, Winn MJ, et al: Role of NO production in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmitter release in cerebral cortex, Science 263:973-977, 1994
126. Schmidt HW, Lohman SM, Walter U: The nitric oxide and cGMP signal transduction system: Regulation and mechanism of action. Biochem Biophys Acta 1178:153-175, 1993
127. Corbett JA, Kwon G, Turk J, et al: IL-1 beta induces the coexpression of both nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase by islets of Langerhans: Activation of cyclooxygenase by nitric oxide. Biochemistry 32:13767-13770, 1993
128. Salvemini D, Misko TP, Masferrer JL, et al: Nitric oxide activates cyclooxygenase enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 90:7240-7244, 1993
129. Kanner J, Harel S, Granit R: Nitric oxide, an inhibitor of lipid oxidation by lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and hemoglobin. Lipids 27:46-49, 1992
130. Nakatsuka M, Osawa Y: Selective inhibition of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism by L-arginine or sodium nitroprusside in intact human platelets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200:1630-1634, 1994
131. Khatsenko OG, Gross SS, Rifkind AB, et al: Nitric oxide is a mediator of the decrease in cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism caused by immunostimulants. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 90:11147-11151, 1993
132. Stadier J, Trockfeld J, Schmalix WA, et al: Inhibition of cytochromes P4501A by nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 91:3559-3563, 1994
133. Lei SZ, Pan ZH, Aggarwal SK, et al: Effect of nitric oxide production on the redox modulatory site of the NMDA receptor-channel complex. Neuron 8:1087-1099, 1992
134. Lipton SA, Choi YB, Pan ZH, et al: A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 354:626-632, 1993
135. Katoh M, Egashira K, Usui M, et al: Cardiac angiotensin II receptors are upregulated by long-term inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in rats. Circulation Research 83:743-751, 1998
136. Lawrence AJ, Krstew E, Jarrott B: Complex interactions between nitric oxide and adenosine receptors in the rat isolated nodose ganglion. Eur J Pharmacol 328:83-88, 1997
137. Lander HM, Ogiste JS, Teng KK, et al: p21ras as a common signaling target of reactive free radicals and cellular redox stress. J Biol Chem 270:21195-21198, 1995
138. Gopalakrishna R, Chen ZH, Gundimeda U: Nitric oxide and nitric oxide-generating agents induce a reversible inactivation of protein kinase C activity and phorbol ester binding. J Biol Chem 268:27180-27185, 1993
139. Duhe RJ, Nielsen MD, Dittman AH, et al: Oxidation of critical cysteine residues of type I adenylyl cyclase by o-iodosobenzoate or nitric oxide reversibly inhibits stimulation by calcium and calmodulin. J Biol Chem 269:7290-7296, 1994
140. Lander HM, Sehajpal P, Levine DM, et al: Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nitric oxidegenerating compounds. J Immunol 150:1509-1516, 1993
141. Bolotina VM, Najibi S, Palacino JJ, et al: Nitric oxide directly activates calcium-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Nature 368:850-853, 1994
142. Stoyanovsky D, Murphy T, Anno PR, et al: Nitric oxide activates skeletal and cardiac ryanodine receptors. Cell Calcium 21:19-29, 1997
143. Xu L, Eu JP, Meissner G, et al: Activation of the cardiac calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) by polyS-nitrosylation. Science 279:234-237, 1998
144. Granger DL, Taintor RR, Cook JL, et al: Injury of neoplastic cells by murine macrophages leads to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. J Clin Invest 65:357-370, 1980
145. Granger DL, Lehninger AL: Sites of inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport in macrophage-injured neoplastic cells. J Cell Biol 95:527-535, 1982
146. Hausladen A, Fridovich I: Superoxide and peroxynitrite inactivate aconitases, but nitric oxide does not. J Biol Chem 269:29405-29408, 1994
147. Mohr S, Stamler JS, Brune B: Mechanism of covalent modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase at its active site thiol by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and related nitrosating agents. FEES Lett 348:223-227, 1994
148. Molina y Vedia L, McDonald B, Reep B, et al: Nitric oxide-induced S-nitrosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibits enzymatic activity and increases endogenous ADP-ribosylation [published erratum appears in J Biol Chem 1993 Feb 5; 268(4):3016]. J Biol Chem 267:24929-24932, 1992
149. Dimmeler S, Brune B: Characterization of a nitricoxide-catalysed ADP-ribosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem 210:305-310, 1992
150. Schuppe-Koistinen I, Moldeus P, Bergman T, et al: S-thioIation of human endothelial cell glyceraIdehyde-3-phos-phate dehydrogenase after hydrogen peroxide treatment. Eur J Biochem 221:1033-1037, 1994
151. Mohr S, Stamler JS, Brune B: Posttranslational modification of gIyceraIdehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by S-nitrosylation and subsequent NADH attachment. J Biol Chem 271:4209-4214, 1996
152. Zhang J, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, et al: Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity. Science 263:687-689, 1994
153. Kwon NS, Stuehr DJ, Nathan CF: Inhibition of tumor cell ribonucleotide reductase by macrophage-derived nitric oxide. J Exp Med 174:761-767, 1991
154. Lepoivre M, Chenais B, Yapo A, et al: Alterations of ribonucleotide reductase activity following induction of the nitrite-generating pathway in adenocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 265:14143-14149, 1990
155. O'Halloran TV: Transition metals in control of gene expression. Science 261:715-725, 1993
156. Kadonaga JT, Garner KR, Masiarz FR, et al: Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Spl and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain. Cell 51:1079-1090, 1987
157. de la Torre A, Schroeder RA, Bartlett ST, et al: Differential effects of nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation on p50 and c-jun DNA binding. Surgery 124:137-142, 1998
158. Gutteridge JM: Iron and oxygen: A biologically damaging mixture. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 361:78-85, 1989
159. Reif DW, Simmons RD: Nitric oxide mediates iron release from ferritin. Arch Biochem Biophys 283:537-541, 1990
160. Drapier JC, Hibbs JB, Jr: Differentiation of murine macrophages to express nonspecific cytotoxicity for tumor cells results in L-arginine-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial iron-sulfur enzymes in the macrophage effector cells. J Immunol 140:2829-2838, 1988
161. Schwarz MA, Lazo JS, Yalowich JC, et al: Metallothionein protects against the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of nitric oxide. Proc NatI Acad Sei USA 92:4452-4456, 1995
162. Cohen JJ: Apoptosis. Immunol Today 14:126-130, 1993
163. Ellis RE, Yuan JY, Horvitz HR: Mechanisms and functions of cell death. Annu Rev Cell Biol 7:663-698, 1991
164. Steller H: Mechanisms and genes of cellular suicide. Science 267:1445-1449, 1995
165. Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM: Nitrix oxide and Apoptosis: Another paradigm for the double edged role of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide: Biology and Chemistry 1:275-281, 1997
166. Ankarcrona M, Dypbukt JM, Brune B, et al: Interleukin-1 beta-induced nitric oxide production activates apoptosis in pancreatic RINmSF cells. Exp Cell Res 213:172-177, 1994
167. Kaneto H, Fujii J, Seo HG, et al: Apoptotic cell death triggered by nitric oxide in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 44: 733-738, 1995
168. Fehsel K, Kroncke KD, Meyer KL, et al: Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. J Immunol 155:2858-2865, 1995
169. Iwashina M, Shikiri M, Marumo F, et al: Transfection of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene causes apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation research 98:1212-1218, 1998
170. Brune B, Mohr S, Messmer UK: Protein thiol modifi-cation and apoptotic cell death as cGMP-independent nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 127:1-30, 1996
171. Nguyen T, Brunson D, Crespi CL, et al: DNA damage and mutation in human cells exposed to nitric oxide in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 89:3030-3034, 1992
172. Messmer UK, Ankarcrona M, Nicotera P, et al: p53 expression in nitric oxide-induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett 355: 23-26, 1994
173. Messmer UK, Reimer DM, Reed JC: Nitric oxide induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in RAW 264.7 macrophage apoptosis is blocked by Bcl-2. FEBS Lett 384:162-166, 1996
174. Bellmann K, Jaattela M, Wissing D, et al: Heat shock protein hsp70 overexpression confers resistance against nitric oxide. FEBS Lett 391:185-188, 1996
175. Messmer UK, Brune B: Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis: P53-dependent and p53-independent signalling pathways. Biochem J 319:299-305, 1996
176. Salgo MG, Squadrito GL, Pryor WA: Peroxynitrite causes apoptosis in rat thymocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 215:1111-1118, 1995
177. Lin KT, Xue'JY, Nomen M, et al: Peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. J Biol Chem 270:16487-16490, 1995
178. Estevez AG, Radi R, Barbeito L, et al: Peroxynitriteinduced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells: Evidence for an apoptotic mechanism differentially modulated by neurotrophic factors. J Neurochem 65:1543-1550, 1995
179. Brune B, Gotz C, Messmer UK, et al: Superoxide formation and macrophage resistance to nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis. J Biol Chem 272:7253-7258, 1997
180. Sandau K, Pfeilschifter J, Brune B: The balance between nitric oxide and Superoxide determines apoptotic and necrotic death of rat mesangial cells. J Immunol 158:4938-4946, 1997
181. Kim YM, de Vera ME, Watkins SC, et al: Nitric oxide protects cultured rat hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factoralpha-induced apoptosis by inducing heat shock protein 70 expression. J Biol Chem 272:1402-1411, 1997
182. Genaro AM, Hortelano S, Alvarez A, et al: Splenic B lymphocyte programmed cell death is prevented by nitric oxide release through mechanisms involving sustained Bcl-2 levels. J Clin Invest 95:1884-1890, 1995
183. Dimmeler S, Haendeler J, Nehls M, et al: Suppression of apoptosis by nitric oxide via inhibition of interleukin-1 betaconverting enzyme (ICE)-like and cysteine protease protein (CPP)-32-like proteases. J Exp Med 185:601-607, 1997
184. Li J, Billiar TR, Talanian RV, Kim YM: Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 240:419-424, 1997
185. Enari M, Talanian RV, Wong WW, et al: Sequential activation of ICE-like and CPP32-like proteases during Fasmediated apoptosis. Nature 380:723-726, 1996
186. Nicholson DW, Ali A, Thornberry NA, et al: Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis. Nature 376:37-43, 1995
187. Los M, Van de Craen M, Penning LC, et al: Requirement of an ICE/CED-3 protease for Fas/APO-1-mediated apoptosis. Nature 375:81-83, 1995
188. Dimmeler S, Haendeler J, Sause A, et al: Nitric oxide inhibits APO-1/Fas-mediated cell death. Cell Growth Differ 9:415-422, 1998
189. Kroncke KD, Brenner HH, Rodriguez ML, et al: Pancreatic islet cells are highly susceptible towards the cytotoxic effects of chemically generated nitric oxide. Biochim Biophys Acta 1182:221-229, 1993
190. Kroncke KD, Kolb-Bachofen V, Berschick B, et al: Activated macrophages kill pancreatic syngeneic islet cells via arginine-dependent nitric oxide generation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:752-758, 1991
191. Boje KM, Arora PK: Microglial-produced nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxides mediate neuronal cell death. Brain Res 587:250-256, 1992
192. Chao CC, Hu S, Molitor TVV, et al: Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism. J Immunol 149:2736-2741, 1992
193. Clancy RM, Levartovsky D, Leszczynska-Piziak J, et al: Nitric oxide reacts with intracellular glutathione and activates the hexose monophosphate shunt in human neutrophils: Evidence for S-nitrosoglutathione as a bioactive intermediary. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 91:3680-3684, 1994
194. Walker MW, Kinter MT, Roberts RJ, et al: Nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity: Involvement of cellular resistance to oxidative stress and the role of glutathione in protection. Pediatr Res 37:41-49, 1995
195. Nikitovic D, Holmgren A: S-nitrosoglutathione is cleaved by the thioredoxin system with liberation of glutathione and redox regulating nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 271:19180-19185, 1996
196. Hou Y, Guo Z, Li J, et al: Seleno compounds and glutathione peroxidase catalyzed decomposition of S-nitrosothiols. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 228:88-93, 1996
197. Sano H, Hirai M, Saito H, et al: Nitric oxide releasing reagent, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, enhances the expression of manganese Superoxide dismutase mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 62:50-55, 1996
198. Motterlini R, Forest! R, Intaglietta M, et al: NO-mediated activation of heme oxygenase: Endogenous cytoprotection against oxidative stress to endothelium. Am J Physiol 270: H107-H114, 1996
199. Pfeilschifter J, Huwiler A: Nitric oxide stimulates stress-activated protein kinases in glomerular endothelial and mesangial cells. FEES Lett 396:67-70, 1996
200. Wharton M, Granger DL, Durack DT: Mitochondrial iron loss from leukemia cells injured by macrophages. A possible mechanism for electron transport chain defects. J Immunol 141:1311-1317, 1988
201. Kennedy MC, Can T, Antholine WE, et al: Metallothionein reacts with Fe2+ and NO to form products with A g = 2.039 ESR signal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 196:632-635, 1993
202. Brown GC: Reversible binding and inhibition of catalase by nitric oxide. Eur J Biochem 232:188-191, 1995
203. Ruiz F, Corrales FJ, Miqueo C, et al: Nitric oxide inactivates rat hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase in vivo by S-nitrosylation. Hepatology 28:1051-1057, 1998
204. Gergel D, Cederbaum AI: Inhibition of the catalytic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase by nitric oxide is associated with S nitrosylation and the release of zinc. Biochemistry 35: 16186-16194, 1996
205. Swain JA, Darley-Usmar V, Gutteridge JM: Peroxynitrite releases copper from caeruloplasmin: Implications for atherosclerosis. FEES Lett 342:49-52, 1994