New developments in the epidemiology, natural history and management of genital herpes

Antiviral Research

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-14

  Stanberry, Lawrence ^a   Cunningham, Anthony ^b   Mertz, Gregory ^c   Mindel, Adrian ^d   Peters, Barry ^e   Reitano, Michael ^f   Sacks, Stephen ^g   Wald, Anna ^j   Wassilew, Sawko ^h   Woolley, Paul ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WESTMEAD HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^c Division of Infectious Diseases   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^e KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f Riverview Medical Associates   (United States)

^g Viridae Clinical Sciences Inc   (Canada)

^h Klinikum Krefeld   (Germany)

ⁱ WITHINGTON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^j NONE

more..

Author keywords

Genital herpes; Herpes epidemiology; Herpes simplex virus; Herpes treatment

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; FAMCICLOVIR; PLACEBO; VALACICLOVIR;

DISEASE SEVERITY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; GENITAL HERPES; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 2; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALITY; STRESS; VIRUS SHEDDING;

HERPES; SIMPLEXVIRUS;

EID: 0032903874     PISSN: 01663542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-3542(99)00004-2     Document Type: Short Survey

References (84)

1. Ashley R. Laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of herpes simplex infection. Genitourin. Med. 69:1993;174-183.
2. Ashley R., Cent A., Maggs V., Corey L. Inability of enzyme immunoassays to discriminate between infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. Ann. Intern. Med. 115:1991;520-526.
3. Ashley R.L. Progress and pitfalls in serologic testing for genital herpes. Herpes. 2:1994;49-51.
4. Ashley R.L., Corey L. HSV type specific antibody tests: patients are ready, are clinicians? Genitourin. Med. 73:1997;235-236.
5. Ashley R.L., Dalessio J., Dragavon J., Koutsky L.A., Lee F.K., Nahmias A.J., Steven C.E., Holmes K.K., Corey L. Underestimation of HSV-2 seroprevalence in a high-risk population by microneutralization assay. Sex. Transm. Dis. 20:1993;230-235.
6. Ashley R.L., Wu L., Pickering J.W., Tu M.C., Schnorenberg L. Premarket evaluation of a commercial glycoprotein-G based enzyme immunoassay for herpes simplex virus type-specific antibodies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:1998;294-295.
7. Bacon T.H., Gilbart J., Howard B.A., Standing-Cox R. Inhibition of varicella-zoster virus by penciclovir in cell culture and mechanism of action. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 7:1996;71-78.
8. Barton I.G., Kinghorn G.R., Walker M.J., Al-Omer L.S., Potter C.W., Turner E.B. Association of HSV-1 with cervical infection. Lancet. 2:1981;1108.
9. Benedetti J., Corey L., Ashley R. Recurrence rates in genital herpes after symptomatic first-episode infection. Ann. Intern. Med. 121:1994;847-854.
10. Bierman S.M. Recurrent genital herpes simplex infection: a trivial disorder. Arch. Dermatol. 121:1985;513-517.
11. Bodsworth, N.J., Crooks, R.J., Borelli, S., Vejlsgarrd, G., Paavonen, J., Worm, A.-M., Uexkull, N., Esmann, J., Strand, A., Ingamells, A.J., Gibb, A. and the International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group, 1997. Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in patient-initiated treatment of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Genitourin. Med. 73, 110-116.
12. Bourne, N., Stanberry, L.R., 1999. Animal models of herpes virus genital infection: Guinea pig. In: Zak, O., Sande, M. (Eds.), Experimental models in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Academic Press, London (in press).
13. Brown Z.A., Selke S.A., Zeh J., Kopleman J., Maslow A., Ashley R.L., Watts D.H., Berry S., Herd M., Corey L. Acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:1997;509-515.
14. Bryson Y.J., Dillon M., Lovett M., Acuna G., Taylor S., Cherry J.D., Johnson B.L., Wiesmeier E., Growdo W., Creagh-Kirk T., Keeney R. Treatment of first episodes of genital herpes simplex virus infections with oral acyclovir: a randomized double-blind controlled trial in normal subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 308:1983;916-920.
15. Burnette T.C., Harrington J.A., Reardon J.E., Merrill B.M., de Miranda P. Purification and characterization of a rat liver enzyme that hydrolyzes valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;15827-15831.
16. Carney O., Ross E., Bunker C., Ikkos G., Mindel A. A prospective study of the psychological impact on patients with a first episode of genital herpes. Genitourin. Med. 70:1994;40-45.
17. Carney O., Ross E., Ikkos G., Mindel A. The effect of suppressive oral acyclovir on the psychological morbidity associated with recurrent genital herpes. Genitourin. Med. 69:1993;457-459.
18. Catotti D.N., Clarke P., Catoe K.E. Herpes revisited: still a cause of concern. Sex. Transm. Dis. 20:1993;77-80.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998. CDC 1998 Guidelines for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 47, 1-118.
20. Christie S.N., McCaughey C., McBride M., Coyle P.V. Herpes simplex type 1 and genital herpes in Northern Ireland. Int. J. STD AIDS. 8:1997;68-69.
21. Cone R.W., Swenson P.D., Hobson A.C., Remington M., Corey L. Herpes simplex virus detection from genital lesions: a comparative study using antigen detection (HerpChek) and culture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1993;1774-1776.
22. Corey L., Benedetti J., Critchlow C., Mertz G., Douglas J., Fife K., Fahnlander A., Remington M.L., Winter C., Dragavon J. Treatment of primary first-episode genital herpes simplex virus infections with acyclovir: results of topical, intravenous and oral therapy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 12:1983;79-88.
23. Corey L., Fife K., Benedetti J.K., Winter C., Fahnlander A., Connor J.D., Hintz M.A., Holmes K.K. Intravenous acyclovir for the treatment of primary genital herpes. Ann. Int. Med. 98:1983;914-921.
24. Corey L., Mindel A., Fife K.H., Sutherland S., Benedetti J., Adler M.W. Risk of recurrence after treatment of first episode genital herpes with intravenous acyclovir. Sex. Transm. Dis. 12:1985;215-218.
25. Cowan F.M., Johnson A.M., Ashley R., Corey L., Mindel A. Antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as serological marker of sexual lifestyle in populations. Br. Med. J. 309:1994;1325-1329.
26. Diaz-Mitoma, F., Sibbald, R.G., Shafran, S.D., Boon, R., Saltzman, R.L. and the Collaborative Famciclovir Genital Herpes Research Group, 1998. Oral famciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 280, 887-92.
27. DiCarlo, R.P., Martin, D.H., 1997. Chanchroid surveillance - New Orleans men 1992-996. International Congress of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Seville, Spain. Abstract p. 370.
28. Field H.J., Tewari D., Sutton D., Thackray A.M. Comparison of efficacies of famciclovir and valacyclovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 in a murine immunosuppression model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1995;1114-1119.
29. Field H.J., Thackray A.M. The effects of delayed-onset chemotherapy using famciclovir or valaciclovir in a murine immunosuprression model for HSV-1. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 6:1995;210-216.
30. Fife K.H., Barbarash R.A., Rudolph T., Degregorio B., Roth R. Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes infection: results of an international, multicenter, double-blind randomized clinical trial. Sex. Transm. Dis. 24:1997;481-486.
31. Fife, K.H., Crumpacker, C.S., Mertz, G.J., Hill, E.L., Boone, G.S. and the Acyclovir Study Group, 1994. Recurrence and resistance patterns of herpes simplex virus following cessation of≥6 years of chronic suppression with acyclovir. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 1338-41.
32. Fleming D.T., McQuillan G.M., Johnson R.E., Nahmias A.J., Aral S.O., Lee F.K., St. Louis M.E. Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:1997;1105-1111.
33. Forsgren M.F., Skoog E., Jeansson S., Olofsson S., Giesecke J. Prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in pregnant women in Stockholm in 1969, 1983 and 1989: implications for STD epidemiology. Int. J. STD AIDS. 5:1994;113-116.
34. Goldberg L.H., Kaufman R., Conant M.A., Sperber J., Allen M., Illeman M., Chapman S. Oral acyclovir for episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes: efficacy and safety. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 15:1986;256-264.
35. Goldberg L.H., Kaufman R., Kurtz T., Conant M.A., Eron L.I., Batenhorst R.I. Long-term suppression of recurrent genital herpes with acyclovir: a 5-year benchmark. Arch. Dermatol. 129:1993;582-587.
36. Government Statistical Service, 1995. Sexually Transmitted Diseases England, 1994, 16.
37. Hodge R.A., Cheng Y.C. The mode of action of penciclovir. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 4(S1):1993;13-24.
38. Hoon E.F., Hoon P.W., Rand K.H., Johnson J., Hall N.R., Edwards N.B. A psycho-behavioral model of genital herpes recurrence. J. Psychosom. Res. 35:1991;25-36.
39. Johnson R.E., Nahmias A.J., Magder L.S., Lee F.K., Brooks C.A., Snowden C.B. A seroepidemiologic survey of the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 321:1989;7-12.
40. Limandri B.J. Disclosure of stigmatizing conditions: the discloser's perspective. Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs. 3:1989;69-78.
41. Longo D., Koehn K. Psychosocial factors and recurrent genital herpes: a review of prediction and psychiatric treatment studies. Int. J. Psychiatry Med. 23:1993;99-117.
42. Loveless, M., Harris, W., Sacks, S., 1995. Treatment of first episode genital herpes with famciclovir. In: Programs and abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, California.
43. Luby E.D., Klinge V. Genital herpes: a pervasive psychosocial disorder. Arch. Dermatol. 121:1985;494-497.
44. Manne S., Sandler I., Zautra A. Coping and adjustment to genital herpes: the effects of time and social support. J. Behavior Med. 9:1986;163-168.
45. Mertz G.J., Benedetti J., Ashley R., Selke S.A., Corey L. Risk factors for the sexual transmission of genital herpes. Ann. Intern. Med. 116:1992;197-202.
46. Mertz G.J., Loveless M.O., Levin M.J., Kraus S.J., Fowler S.L., Goade D., Trying S.K. Oral famciclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection in women: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 157:1997;343-349.
47. Mertz G.J., Schmidt O., Jourden J.L., Guinan M.E., Remington M.L., Fahnlander A., Winter C., Holmes K.K., Corey L. Frequency of acquisition of first-episode genital infection with herpes simplex virus from symptomatic and asymptomatic source contacts. Sex. Transm. Dis. 12:1985;33-39.
48. Mindel, A., 1996. Psychological and psychosexual implications of herpes simplex virus infections. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 100, 27-32.
49. Mindel A., Adler M.W., Sutherland S., Fiddian A.P. Intravenous acyclovir treatment for primary genital herpes. Lancet. 1:1982;697-700.
50. Mindel A., Carney O., Freris M., Faherty A., Patou G., Williams P. Dosage and safety of long term suppressive acyclovir therapy for recurrent genital herpes. Lancet. 1:1988;926-928.
51. Morse S.A., Trees D.L., Htun Y., Radebe F., Orie K.A., Dangor Y., Beck-Sague C.M., Schmid S., Fehler G., Weiss J.B., Ballard R.C. Comparison of clinical diagnosis and standard laboratory and molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho: association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 175:1997;001-007.
52. Nilsen A.E., Aasen T., Halsos A.M., Kinge B.R., Tjotta E.A., Wikstrom K., Fiddian A.P. Efficacy of oral acyclovir in treatment of initial and recurrent genital herpes. Lancet. 2:1982;572-573.
53. Oberle M.W., Rosero-Bixby L., Lee F.K., Sanz chez-Braverman M., Nahmias A.J., Guinan M.E. Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies: high prevalence in monogamous women in Costa Rica. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 41:1989;118-224.
54. O'Brien J.J., Campoli-Richards D.M. Aciclovir: An updated review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 37:1989;233-309.
55. Patel, R., Bodsworth, N.J., Woolley, P., Peters, B., Vejlsgaard, G., Saari, S., Gibb, A., Robinson, J. and the International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group, 1997. Valaciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital HSV infection: a placebo controlled study of once-daily therapy. Genitourin. Med. 73, 105-9.
56. Perry C.M., Faulds D. Valaciclovir: a review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Drugs. 52:1996;625-795.
57. Perry C.M., Wagstaff A.J. Famciclovir: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. Drugs. 50:1995;396-415.
58. Pue M.A., Benet L.Z. Pharmacokinetics of famciclovir in man. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 4(S1):1993;47-55.
59. Rand K.H., Hoon E.F., Massey J.K., Johnson J.H. Daily stress and recurrence of genital herpes simplex. Arch. Int. Med. 150:1990;1889-1893.
60. Reichman R.C., Badger G.J., Mertz G.J., Corey L., Richman D.D., Connor J.D., Redfield D., Savoia M.C., Oxman M.N., Bryson Y., Tyrrell D.L., Portnoy J., Creigh-Kirk T., Keeney R.E., Ashikaga T., Dolin R. Treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex infections with oral acyclovir: a controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 251:1984;2103-2107.
61. Reitano, M., Tyring, S., Lang, W., Thoming, C., Worm, A.M., Borelli, S., Chambers, L.O., Robinson, J.M., Corey, L. and the International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group, 1998. Valaciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection: a large-scale dose range-finding study. J. Infect. Dis. 178, 603-10.
62. Rodgers C.A., O'Mahony C. High prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in female anogenital herpes simplex. Int. J. STD AIDS. 6:1995;144-146.
63. Ross J.D.C., Smith I.W., Elton R.A. The epidemiology of herpes simplex types 1 and 2 infection of the genital tract in Edinburgh 1978-1991. Genitourin. Med. 69:1993;381-383.
64. Sacks S.L., 1997. The Truth About Herpes, Gordon Soules Books, West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
65. Sacks, S.L., Aoki, F.Y., Diaz-Mitoma, F., Sellors, J., Shafran, S.D. and a.t.C.F.S.G., 1996. Patient-initiated, twice-daily oral famciclovir for early recurrent genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 276, 44-9.
66. Sacks, S.L., Hughes, A., Rennie, B., Boon, R., 1997. Famciclovir for suppression of asymptomatic and symptomatic recurrent genital herpes shedding: a randomized, double-blind, double dummy, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial. In: Programs and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Canada.
67. Sacks, S.L., Shafran, S.D., 1998. BID amciclovir suppression of asymptomatic genital herpes simplex virus shedding in men. In: Programs and abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, California.
68. Slomka M.J., Ashley R.L., Cowan F.M., Cross A., Brown D.W.G. Monoclonal antibody blocking tests for the detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 specific humoral responses: comparison with Western blot assay. J. Virol. Methods. 55:1995;27-35.
69. Spruance, S., Trying, S., Degregorio, B., Miller, C., Beutner, K. and the Valaciclovir HSV Study Group, 1996. A large-scale, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of peroral valacyclovir for episodic treatment of recurrent herpes genitalis. Arch. Int. Med. 156, 1729-35.
70. Stanberry, L.R., 1996. Genital and Neonatal Herpes. Wiley, West Sussex, 244 pp.
71. Stanberry, L.R., 1998a. Understanding Herpes, University Press of Mississippi Jackson, Mississippi.
72. Stanberry L.R. Control of STDs - the role of prophylactic vaccines against herpes simplex virus. Sex. Transm. Infect. 74:1998b;391-394.
73. Stronks D.L., Rijpma S.E., Passchier J., Verhage F., Van Der Meijden W., Stolz E. Psychological consequences of genital herpes, an exploratory study with a gonorrhea control-group. Psychol. Rep. 73:1993;395-400.
74. Tayal S.C., Pattman R.S. High prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in female anogenital herpes simplex in Newcastle upon Tyne 1983-92. Int. J. STD AIDS. 5:1994;359-361.
75. Thackray A.M., Field H.J. Differential effects of famciclovir and valacyclovir on the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus in a murine infection model including reactivation from latency. J. Infect. Dis. 173:1996;291-299.
76. Thackray A.M., Field H.J. Famciclovir and valaciclovir differ in the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in mice: a quantitative study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1998;1555-1562.
77. Tyring, S.K., Douglas, J.M., Spruance, S.L., Esmann, J. and the Valaciclovir International Study Group, 1998. A randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of oral valacyclovir and acyclovir in immunocompetent patients with recurrent genital herpes infections. Arch. Dermatol. 134, 185-91.
78. Vuchinich R.E., Tucker J.A. Contributions from behavioural theories of choice to an analysis of alcohol abuse. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 97:1988;181-195.
79. Wald A., Benedetti J., Davis G., Remington M., Winter C., Corey L. A randomized, double-blind, comparative trial comparing high and standard dose oral acyclovir for first-episode genital herpes infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:1994;174-176.
80. Wald A., Corey L., Cone R., Hobson A., Davis G., Zeh J. Frequent genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women. J. Clin. Invest. 99:1997;1092-1097.
81. Wald, A., Warren, T., Hu, H., Miller, G., Marr, L., Ryncarz, A., Selke, S., Zeh, J., Vargas, M., Corey, L., 1998. Suppression of subclinical shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the genital tract with valacyclovir. In: Programs and abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, California.
82. Wald A., Zeh J., Barnum G., Davis L.G., Corey L. Suppression of subclinical shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 with acyclovir. Ann. Int. Med. 124:1996;8-15.
83. Wald A., Zeh J., Selke S., Ashley R.L., Corey L. Virologic characteristics of subclinical and symptomatic genital herpes infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 333:1995;770-775.
84. Weinberg A., Bate B., Masters H., Schneider S., Clark J., Wren C., Allaman J., Levin M. In vitro activities of penciclovir and acyclovir against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Antimicro. Agents Chemother. 36:1992;2037-2038.