메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 53-62

Electrical stimulation for restoration of function

Author keywords

FES; Muscle stimulation; Paraplegia; Quadriplegia; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

BLADDER FUNCTION; COMPUTER; ELECTROSTIMULATION; GAIT; HEALTH INSURANCE; HUMAN; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MUSCLE EXCITATION; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD INJURY; STANDING; STROKE;

EID: 0032898707     PISSN: 10538135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/nre-1999-12106     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (71)
  • 2
    • 0024000459 scopus 로고
    • Hybrid FES orthosis incorporating closed loop control and sensory feedback
    • Andrews B, Hybrid FES orthosis incorporating closed loop control and sensory feedback, J Biomed Eng 10 (1988), 189-195.
    • (1988) J Biomed Eng , vol.10 , pp. 189-195
    • Andrews, B.1
  • 4
    • 0024713867 scopus 로고
    • Orderly stimulation of skeletal muscle motor units with tripolar nerve cuff electrode
    • Baratta R, Ichie M, Hwang S and Solomonow M, Orderly stimulation of skeletal muscle motor units with tripolar nerve cuff electrode, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 36(8) (1989), 836-843.
    • (1989) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 836-843
    • Baratta, R.1    Ichie, M.2    Hwang, S.3    Solomonow, M.4
  • 5
    • 0021240737 scopus 로고
    • The technique of reciprocal walking using the hip guidance orthosis (HGO) with crutches
    • Butler P, Major R and Patrick J, The technique of reciprocal walking using the hip guidance orthosis (HGO) with crutches, Prosthetics and Orthotics International 8(1) (1984), 33-38.
    • (1984) Prosthetics and Orthotics International , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-38
    • Butler, P.1    Major, R.2    Patrick, J.3
  • 6
    • 0027034672 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic FES: From rehabilitation to neural prosthetics
    • Campbell J and Meadows P, Therapeutic FES: From rehabilitation to neural prosthetics, Assit Technol 4(1) (1992), 4-18.
    • (1992) Assit Technol , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-18
    • Campbell, J.1    Meadows, P.2
  • 7
    • 0030122145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional neuromuscular stimulation for mobility in people with spinal cord injuries: The Parastep I system
    • Chaplin E, Functional neuromuscular stimulation for mobility in people with spinal cord injuries: the Parastep I system, J Spinal Cord Med 19(2) (1996), 99-105.
    • (1996) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-105
    • Chaplin, E.1
  • 8
    • 0027170172 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of sacral roots for micturition after spinal cord injury
    • Creasey G, Electrical stimulation of sacral roots for micturition after spinal cord injury, Urol Clin North Am 20(3) (1993), 505-515.
    • (1993) Urol Clin North Am , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 505-515
    • Creasey, G.1
  • 9
    • 0026107592 scopus 로고
    • A method to effect physiological recruitment order in electrically activated muscle
    • Fang Z and Mortimer J, A method to effect physiological recruitment order in electrically activated muscle, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 38(2) (1991a), 175-179.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-179
    • Fang, Z.1    Mortimer, J.2
  • 10
    • 0026104684 scopus 로고
    • Selective activation of small motor axons by quazitrapezoidal current pulses
    • Fang Z and Mortimer J, Selective activation of small motor axons by quazitrapezoidal current pulses, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 38(2) (1991b), 168-174.
    • (1991) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-174
    • Fang, Z.1    Mortimer, J.2
  • 11
    • 0028799357 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of gait by functional electrical stimulation for spinal cord injured patients
    • Gallien P, Brissot R, Eyssette M, Tell L, Barat M. Wiart L and Petit H, Restoration of gait by functional electrical stimulation for spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia 33(11) (1995), 660-664.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 660-664
    • Gallien, P.1    Brissot, R.2    Eyssette, M.3    Tell, L.4    Barat, M.5    Wiart, L.6    Petit, H.7
  • 12
    • 0029994291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional electrostimulation in poststroke rehabilitation: A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trial
    • Glanz M, Klawanskys S, Stason W, Berkey C and Chalmers TC, Functional electrostimulation in poststroke rehabilitation: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehab 77(6) (1996), 549-553.
    • (1996) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 549-553
    • Glanz, M.1    Klawanskys, S.2    Stason, W.3    Berkey, C.4    Chalmers, T.C.5
  • 13
    • 0030111061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of a controlled-brake orthosis for FES-aided gait
    • Goldfarb M and Durfee W, Design of a controlled-brake orthosis for FES-aided gait, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 4(1) (1996), 13-24.
    • (1996) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-24
    • Goldfarb, M.1    Durfee, W.2
  • 16
    • 0030876236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 4, effect on physical self-concept and depression
    • Guest R, Klose K, Needham-Shropshire B and Jacobs P, Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 4, effect on physical self-concept and depression, Arch Phys Med Rehab 78(8) (1997), 804-807.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 804-807
    • Guest, R.1    Klose, K.2    Needham-Shropshire, B.3    Jacobs, P.4
  • 17
    • 26844514786 scopus 로고
    • EMG-based stimulation patterns of FES for the paralyzed upper extremities
    • Handa Y, EMG-based stimulation patterns of FES for the paralyzed upper extremities, Advances in External Control of Human Extremities, 1987, pp. 329-337.
    • (1987) Advances in External Control of Human Extremities , pp. 329-337
    • Handa, Y.1
  • 19
    • 0023615850 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrical stimulation for the control of the upper extremities
    • Handa Y and Hoshimiya N, Functional electrical stimulation for the control of the upper extremities, Med Prog Tech 12 (1987), 51-63.
    • (1987) Med Prog Tech , vol.12 , pp. 51-63
    • Handa, Y.1    Hoshimiya, N.2
  • 20
    • 0028215257 scopus 로고
    • Tibial bone density loss in spinal cord injured patients: Effects of FES exercise
    • Hangartner T, Rogers M, Glaser R and Barre P, Tibial bone density loss in spinal cord injured patients: Effects of FES exercise, J Rehab Res 31(1) (1994), 50-61.
    • (1994) J Rehab Res , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-61
    • Hangartner, T.1    Rogers, M.2    Glaser, R.3    Barre, P.4
  • 21
    • 34548465361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hand implant
    • Hudgins L, Hand implant, Paraplegia News 51(11) (1997), 63-66.
    • (1997) Paraplegia News , vol.51 , Issue.11 , pp. 63-66
    • Hudgins, L.1
  • 22
    • 0017745923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of long-term stimulation of fast muscles on their blood flow, metabolism and ability to withstand fatigue
    • Hudlicka O, Brown M, Cotter M, Smith M and Vrbova G, The effect of long-term stimulation of fast muscles on their blood flow, metabolism and ability to withstand fatigue, Pflugers Archiv 369 (1997), 141-149.
    • (1997) Pflugers Archiv , vol.369 , pp. 141-149
    • Hudlicka, O.1    Brown, M.2    Cotter, M.3    Smith, M.4    Vrbova, G.5
  • 23
    • 0031470771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback control of unsupported standing in paraplegia - Part I: Optimal control approach
    • Hunt K, Munih M and Donaldson N, Feedback control of unsupported standing in paraplegia - part I: optimal control approach, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 5(4) (1997), 331-340.
    • (1997) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-340
    • Hunt, K.1    Munih, M.2    Donaldson, N.3
  • 24
    • 0030760424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI- Paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 2, effects on physiological responses to peak arm ergometry
    • Jacobs P, Nash M, Klose K, Guest R, Needham-Shropshire B and Green B, Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI- paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 2, effects on physiological responses to peak arm ergometry, Arch Phys Med Rehab 78(8) (1997), 794-798.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 794-798
    • Jacobs, P.1    Nash, M.2    Klose, K.3    Guest, R.4    Needham-Shropshire, B.5    Green, B.6
  • 25
    • 0027024195 scopus 로고
    • Lower extremity applications of functional neuromuscular stimulation
    • Jaeger R, Lower extremity applications of functional neuromuscular stimulation, Assit Technol 4(1) (1992), 19-30.
    • (1992) Assit Technol , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-30
    • Jaeger, R.1
  • 28
    • 0029347477 scopus 로고
    • Reducing muscle fatigue in FES applications by stimulating with N-let pulse trains
    • Karu Z, Durfee W and Barzilai A, Reducing muscle fatigue in FES applications by stimulating with N-let pulse trains, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42(8) (1995), 809-817.
    • (1995) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 809-817
    • Karu, Z.1    Durfee, W.2    Barzilai, A.3
  • 30
    • 0030853661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 1, ambulation performance and anthropometric measures
    • Klose K, Jacobs P, Broton J, Guest R, Needham-Shropshire B, Lebwohl N, Nash M and Green B, Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 1, ambulation performance and anthropometric measures. Arch Phys Med Rehab 78(8) (1997), 789-793.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 789-793
    • Klose, K.1    Jacobs, P.2    Broton, J.3    Guest, R.4    Needham-Shropshire, B.5    Lebwohl, N.6    Nash, M.7    Green, B.8
  • 31
    • 0028386170 scopus 로고
    • Function and strength of electrically stimulated hip flexor muscles in paraplegia
    • Kobetic R, Marsolais E and Miller P, Function and strength of electrically stimulated hip flexor muscles in paraplegia, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 2(1) (1994), 11-17.
    • (1994) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-17
    • Kobetic, R.1    Marsolais, E.2    Miller, P.3
  • 32
    • 0031105362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle selection and walking performance of multichannel FES systems for ambulation in paraplegia
    • Kobetic R, Triolo R and Marsolais E, Muscle selection and walking performance of multichannel FES systems for ambulation in paraplegia, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 5(1) (1997), 23-29.
    • (1997) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-29
    • Kobetic, R.1    Triolo, R.2    Marsolais, E.3
  • 33
    • 0026538399 scopus 로고
    • Techniques to improve function of the arm and hand in chronic hemiplegia
    • Kraft G, Fitts S and Hammond M, Techniques to improve function of the arm and hand in chronic hemiplegia, Arch Phys Med Rehab 73 (1992), 220-227.
    • (1992) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.73 , pp. 220-227
    • Kraft, G.1    Fitts, S.2    Hammond, M.3
  • 35
    • 73049136842 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrotherapy: Stimulation of the peroneal nerve synchronized with the swing phase of gait of hemiplegic patients
    • Liberson W, Functional electrotherapy: Stimulation of the peroneal nerve synchronized with the swing phase of gait of hemiplegic patients, Arch Phys Med Rehab 42 (1961), 101-105.
    • (1961) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.42 , pp. 101-105
    • Liberson, W.1
  • 36
    • 0022922688 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle adaptability II: Muscle properties following spinal cord injury
    • Lieber R, Skeletal muscle adaptability II: Muscle properties following spinal cord injury, Dev Med Child Neurol 28 (1986), 533-542.
    • (1986) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 533-542
    • Lieber, R.1
  • 37
    • 0019831738 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of walking using the hip guidance orthosis (HGO) with crutches
    • Major R, Stallard J, and Rose G, The dynamics of walking using the hip guidance orthosis (HGO) with crutches, Prosthetics and Orthotics International 5(1) (1981), 19-22.
    • (1981) Prosthetics and Orthotics International , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-22
    • Major, R.1    Stallard, J.2    Rose, G.3
  • 38
    • 0023223730 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrical stimulation for walking in paraplegia
    • Marsolais E and Kobetic R, Functional electrical stimulation for walking in paraplegia, J Bone and Joint Surg 69A(5) (1987), 728-733.
    • (1987) J Bone and Joint Surg , vol.69 A , Issue.5 , pp. 728-733
    • Marsolais, E.1    Kobetic, R.2
  • 39
    • 0023687449 scopus 로고
    • Development of a practical electrical stimulation system for restoring gait in the paralyzed patient
    • Marsolais E and Kobetic R, Development of a practical electrical stimulation system for restoring gait in the paralyzed patient. Clin Orthopaed 233 (1988), 64-74.
    • (1988) Clin Orthopaed , vol.233 , pp. 64-74
    • Marsolais, E.1    Kobetic, R.2
  • 40
    • 0032102923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arm-free paraplegic standing - Part I: Control model synthesis and simulation
    • Matjacic Z and Bajd T, Arm-free paraplegic standing - part I: control model synthesis and simulation, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 6(2) (1998a), 125-138.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-138
    • Matjacic, Z.1    Bajd, T.2
  • 41
    • 0032102019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arm-free paraplegic standing - Part II: Experimental results
    • Matjacic Z and Bajd T, Arm-free paraplegic standing - part II: experimental results. IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 6(2) (1998b), 139-150.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-150
    • Matjacic, Z.1    Bajd, T.2
  • 42
    • 0023151846 scopus 로고
    • Augmentation of the Oswestry para walker orthosis by means of surface electrical stimulation: Gait analysis of three patients
    • McClelland M, Andrews BJ, Patrick JH, Freeman PA and el Masri WS, Augmentation of the Oswestry Para walker orthosis by means of surface electrical stimulation: gait analysis of three patients. Paraplegia 25 (1987), 32-38.
    • (1987) Paraplegia , vol.25 , pp. 32-38
    • McClelland, M.1    Andrews, B.J.2    Patrick, J.H.3    Freeman, P.A.4    El Masri, W.S.5
  • 43
    • 0026028062 scopus 로고
    • A clinical review of adult paraplegic patients with complete lesions using the ORLAU Parawalker
    • Moore P and Stallard J, A clinical review of adult paraplegic patients with complete lesions using the ORLAU Parawalker, Paraplegia 29 (1991), 191-196.
    • (1991) Paraplegia , vol.29 , pp. 191-196
    • Moore, P.1    Stallard, J.2
  • 44
    • 0031458730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback control of unsupported standing in paraplegia - Part II: Experimental results
    • Munih M, Donaldson N, Hunt K and Barr F, Feedback control of unsupported standing in paraplegia - part II: experimental results, IEEE Trans Rehab Eng 5(4) (1997), 341-352.
    • (1997) IEEE Trans Rehab Eng , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-352
    • Munih, M.1    Donaldson, N.2    Hunt, K.3    Barr, F.4
  • 45
    • 0017094031 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nerve stimulation on human muscle
    • Munsat T, McNeal D and Waters R, Effects of nerve stimulation on human muscle. Arch Neurol 33 (1976), 608-617.
    • (1976) Arch Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 608-617
    • Munsat, T.1    McNeal, D.2    Waters, R.3
  • 46
    • 0030850531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 5, lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to occlusion are augmented by ambulation training
    • Nash M, Jacobs P, Montalvo B, Klose K, Guest R and Needham-Shropshire B, Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 5, lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to occlusion are augmented by ambulation training, Arch Phys Med Rehab 78(8) (1997), 808-814.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 808-814
    • Nash, M.1    Jacobs, P.2    Montalvo, B.3    Klose, K.4    Guest, R.5    Needham-Shropshire, B.6
  • 47
    • 0018654135 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrical stimulation of the upper limb: Charting the forearm surface
    • Nathan R, Functional electrical stimulation of the upper limb: charting the forearm surface, Med Biol Eng Comput 17 (1979), 729-736.
    • (1979) Med Biol Eng Comput , vol.17 , pp. 729-736
    • Nathan, R.1
  • 48
    • 0021140902 scopus 로고
    • The development of a computerized upper limb electrical stimulation system
    • Nathan R, The development of a computerized upper limb electrical stimulation system, Orthopaedics 7 (1984), 1170-1180.
    • (1984) Orthopaedics , vol.7 , pp. 1170-1180
    • Nathan, R.1
  • 49
    • 0024761981 scopus 로고
    • An FNS-based system for generating upper limb function in the C4 quadriplegic
    • Nathan R, An FNS-based system for generating upper limb function in the C4 quadriplegic, Med Biol Eng Comput 27 (1989a), 549-556.
    • (1989) Med Biol Eng Comput , vol.27 , pp. 549-556
    • Nathan, R.1
  • 50
    • 0013282353 scopus 로고
    • Generation of functional arm movements in C4 quadriplegics by neuromuscular stimulation
    • Rose C, Jones R, and Vrbova G, editors, Demos
    • Nathan R, Generation of functional arm movements in C4 quadriplegics by neuromuscular stimulation. In Rose C, Jones R, and Vrbova G, editors, Neuromuscular Stimulation: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications, Demos 1989b, pp. 273-284.
    • (1989) Neuromuscular Stimulation: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications , pp. 273-284
    • Nathan, R.1
  • 51
    • 0030776293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 3, lack of effect on bone minearal density
    • Needham-Shropshire B, Broton J, Klose K, Lebwohl N, Guest R and Jacobs P, Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep I ambulation system: Part 3, lack of effect on bone minearal density, Arch Phys Med Rehab 78(8) (1997), 799-803.
    • (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.78 , Issue.8 , pp. 799-803
    • Needham-Shropshire, B.1    Broton, J.2    Klose, K.3    Lebwohl, N.4    Guest, R.5    Jacobs, P.6
  • 53
    • 0024539586 scopus 로고
    • Hybrid paraplegic locomotion with the parawalker using intramuscular stimulation: A single subject study
    • Nene A and Jennings S, Hybrid paraplegic locomotion with the parawalker using intramuscular stimulation: a single subject study. Paraplegia 27 (1989), 125-132.
    • (1989) Paraplegia , vol.27 , pp. 125-132
    • Nene, A.1    Jennings, S.2
  • 54
    • 0024565308 scopus 로고
    • Energy cost of paraplegic locomotion with the ORLAU Parawalker
    • Nene A, Orth D and Patrick J, Energy cost of paraplegic locomotion with the ORLAU Parawalker, Paraplegia 27 (1989), 5-18.
    • (1989) Paraplegia , vol.27 , pp. 5-18
    • Nene, A.1    Orth, D.2    Patrick, J.3
  • 55
    • 0002821309 scopus 로고
    • Motor prostheses for restoration of upper extremity function
    • Stein R, Peckham P, and Popovic D, editors, Oxford University Press chapter 8
    • Peckham P and Keith M, Motor prostheses for restoration of upper extremity function. In Stein R, Peckham P, and Popovic D, editors, Neural Prostheses: Replacing Motor Function After Disease or Disability, Oxford University Press 1992, chapter 8, pp. 162-187.
    • (1992) Neural Prostheses: Replacing Motor Function after Disease or Disability , pp. 162-187
    • Peckham, P.1    Keith, M.2
  • 56
    • 0023704807 scopus 로고
    • Restoration of functional control by electrical stimulation in the upper extremity of the quadriplegic patient
    • Peckham P, Keith M and Freehafer A, Restoration of functional control by electrical stimulation in the upper extremity of the quadriplegic patient, J Bone Joint Surg 70A(1) (1988), 144-148.
    • (1988) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.70 A , Issue.1 , pp. 144-148
    • Peckham, P.1    Keith, M.2    Freehafer, A.3
  • 57
    • 0017256448 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the force and fatigability of skeletal muscle in quadriplegic humans following exercise induced by chronic electrical stimulation
    • Peckham P, Mortimer J and Marsolais E, Alterations in the force and fatigability of skeletal muscle in quadriplegic humans following exercise induced by chronic electrical stimulation, Clin Orthop 114 (1976), 326.
    • (1976) Clin Orthop , vol.114 , pp. 326
    • Peckham, P.1    Mortimer, J.2    Marsolais, E.3
  • 58
    • 0015937806 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of fiber types in cat skeletal muscle following chronic electrical stimulation
    • Peckham P, Mortimer J and Van Der Meulen JP, Reversal of fiber types in cat skeletal muscle following chronic electrical stimulation, Brain Res 50 (1973), 424-429.
    • (1973) Brain Res , vol.50 , pp. 424-429
    • Peckham, P.1    Mortimer, J.2    Van Der Meulen, J.P.3
  • 59
    • 0025809331 scopus 로고
    • Functional electrical stimulation and reciprocating gait orthosis for ambulation exercise in a tetraplegic patient: A case study
    • Phillips C and Hendershot D, Functional electrical stimulation and reciprocating gait orthosis for ambulation exercise in a tetraplegic patient: a case study, Paraplegia 29(4) (1991), 268-276.
    • (1991) Paraplegia , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 268-276
    • Phillips, C.1    Hendershot, D.2
  • 61
    • 27644575690 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive capacity of skeletal muscle and its therapeutic applications
    • Rose C, Jones R, and Vrbova G, editors, Demos
    • Salmons S and Stephenson L, Adaptive capacity of skeletal muscle and its therapeutic applications. In Rose C, Jones R, and Vrbova G, editors, Neuromuscular Stimulation: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications. Demos 1989, pp. 203-215.
    • (1989) Neuromuscular Stimulation: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications , pp. 203-215
    • Salmons, S.1    Stephenson, L.2
  • 64
    • 0024317422 scopus 로고
    • The RGO generation II: Muscle stimulation powered orthosis as a practical walking system for thoracic paraplegics
    • Solomonow M, Baratta R, Hirokawa S, Rightor N, Walker W, Beaudette P, Shoji H and D'Ambrosia R, The RGO generation II: muscle stimulation powered orthosis as a practical walking system for thoracic paraplegics. Orthopedics 12(10) (1989), 1309-1315.
    • (1989) Orthopedics , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 1309-1315
    • Solomonow, M.1    Baratta, R.2    Hirokawa, S.3    Rightor, N.4    Walker, W.5    Beaudette, P.6    Shoji, H.7    D'Ambrosia, R.8
  • 65
    • 0022749441 scopus 로고
    • Engineering design considerations of the ORLAU parawalker and FES hybrid system
    • Stallard J, Major RE, Poimer R, Farmer IR and Jones N, Engineering design considerations of the ORLAU parawalker and FES hybrid system, Engineering in Medicine 15(3) (1986), 123-129.
    • (1986) Engineering in Medicine , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 123-129
    • Stallard, J.1    Major, R.E.2    Poimer, R.3    Farmer, I.R.4    Jones, N.5
  • 67
    • 0019225979 scopus 로고
    • The alteration of paraplegic patients muscle properties due to electrical stimulation exercising
    • Turk R, Kralj A, Bajd T and Stefancic M, Benko H, The alteration of paraplegic patients muscle properties due to electrical stimulation exercising, Paraplegia 18 (1980), 389-391.
    • (1980) Paraplegia , vol.18 , pp. 389-391
    • Turk, R.1    Kralj, A.2    Bajd, T.3    Stefancic, M.4    Benko, H.5
  • 68
    • 34548464002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Canadian multicentre trial using functional electrical stimulation for assisting gait
    • Wieler M, A Canadian multicentre trial using functional electrical stimulation for assisting gait. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IFESS Conference, 1997, pp. 160.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the 2nd Annual IFESS Conference , pp. 160
    • Wieler, M.1
  • 69
    • 0028037455 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic costs of reciprocal gait in FES assisted walking
    • Winchester P, Carollo J and Habasevich R, Physiologic costs of reciprocal gait in FES assisted walking. Paraplegia 32(10) (1994), 680-686.
    • (1994) Paraplegia , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 680-686
    • Winchester, P.1    Carollo, J.2    Habasevich, R.3
  • 70
    • 0026535069 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury II: Prevention of secondary complications
    • Yarkony G, Roth E, Cybulski G and Jaeger R, Neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury II: prevention of secondary complications. Arch Phys Med Rehab 73 (1992), 195-200.
    • (1992) Arch Phys Med Rehab , vol.73 , pp. 195-200
    • Yarkony, G.1    Roth, E.2    Cybulski, G.3    Jaeger, R.4
  • 71
    • 0023289458 scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of muscle force with various firing rate and recruitment control strategies
    • Zhou B, Baratta R and Solomonow M, Manipulation of muscle force with various firing rate and recruitment control strategies, IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 34(2) (1987), 128-139.
    • (1987) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-139
    • Zhou, B.1    Baratta, R.2    Solomonow, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.