Carotid plaque, intima media thickness, cardiovascular risk factors, and prevalent cardiovascular disease in men and women: The British regional heart study

Stroke

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 841-850

  Ebrahim, Shah ^d   Papacosta, Olia ^a   Whincup, Peter ^a   Wannamethee, Goya ^a   Walker, Mary ^a   Nicolaides, Andrew N ^b   Dhanjil, Surinder ^b   Griffin, Maura ^b   Belcaro, Gianni ^b   Rumley, Ann ^c   Lowe, Gordon D O ^c  

^a ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b ST MARY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases; Carotid arteries; Risk factors; Ultrasonography

Indexed keywords

FIBRINOGEN;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTERY INTIMA PROLIFERATION; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; B SCAN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ARTERY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FEMALE; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SMOKING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

EID: 0032892245     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.30.4.841     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Laurora G, Cesarone MR, De Sanctis M, Incandela L, Barsotti A. Ultrasound morphology classification of the arterial wall and cardiovascular events in a 6-year follow-up study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:851-856.
2. Veller MG, Fisher CM, Nicolaides AN. Measurement of the ultrasonic intima-media complex thickness in normal subjects. J Vasc Surg. 1993; 17:719-725.
3. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression. Circulation. 1993;87(suppl II):II-56-II-65.
4. Bots ML. Wall Thickness of the Carotid Artery as an Indicator of Generalized Atherosclerosis [doctoral thesis]. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Erasmus University; 1993.
5. Crouse JR III. B-mode ultrasound in clinical trials: answers and questions. Circulation. 1993;88:319-321.
6. Belcaro G, Laurora G, Cesarone MR, De Sanctis MT, Renton S, Chong LC. Evaluation of arteriosclerosis progression with ultrasonic biopsy and intima-media thickness measurements. Vasa. 1993;22:15-21.
7. Geroulakos G, O'Gorman D, Nicolaides A, Sheridan D, Elkeles R, Shaper AG. Carotid intima-media thickness: correlation with the British Regional Heart Study risk score. J Intern Med. 1994;235:431-433.
8. Hughes AD, Sinclair AM, Geroulakos G, Mayet J, Shahi M, Thom S, Nicolaides A, Sever PS. Structural changes in the heart and carotid arteries associated with hypertension in humans. J Hum Hypertens. 1993; 395-396.
9. Howard G, Sharrett AR, Heiss G, Evans GW, Chambless LE, Riley WA, Burke GL, for the ARIC Investigators. Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in general populations as evaluated by B-mode ultrasound. Stroke. 1993;24:1297-1304.
10. Salonen R, Salonen JT. Determinants of carotid intima-media thickness: a population-based ultrasonography study in eastern Finnish men. J Intern Med. 1991;229:225-231.
11. Psaty BM, Furberg CD, Kuller LH, Borhani NO, Rautaharju PM, O'Leary, DH, Bild DE, Robbins J, Fried LP, Reid C. Isolated systolic hypertension and subclinical cardiovascular disease in the elderly: initial findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. JAMA. 1992;268: 1287-1291.
12. Allan PL, Mowbray PI, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG. Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Stroke. 1997;28: 348-353.
13. Prati P, Vanuzzo D, Casaroli M, Di Chiara A, De Biasi F, Feruglio GA, Touboul PJ. Prevalence and determinants of carotid atherosclerosis in a general population. Stroke. 1992;23:1705-1711.
14. Adams MR, Nakagomi A, Keech A, Robinson J, McCredie R, Bailey BP, Freedman SB, Celermajer DS. Carotid intima-media thickness is only weakly correlated with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1995;92:2127-2134.
15. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Savage PJ, Borhani NO, Kittner SJ, Tracy R, Gardin JM, Price TR, Furberg CD, for the Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Thickening of the carotid wall: a marker for atherosclerosis in the elderly? Stroke. 1996;27:224-231.
16. Geroulakos G, Hobson RW, Nicolaides A. Ultrasonographic carotid plaque morphology in predicting stroke risk. Br J Surg. 1996;83:582-587.
17. Crouse JR III, Craven TE, Hagaman AP, Bond MG. Association of coronary disease with segment-specific intima-medial thickening of the extracranial carotid artery. Circulation. 1995;92:1141-1147.
18. Grobbee DE, Bots ML. Carotid artery intima-media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. J Intern Med. 1994;236:567-573.
19. Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Walker M. British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns. BMJ. 1981;283: 179-186.
20. Lowe GDO, Rumley A, Woodward M, Morrison CE, Philippou H, Lane DA, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Epidemiology of coagulation factors, inhibitors and activation markers: the Third Glasgow MONICA Survey, I: illustrative reference ranges by age, sex and hormone use. Br J Haematol. 1997;97:775-784.
21. Coppola W, Whincup P, Papacosta O, Walker M, Ebrahim S. Scoring system to identify men at high risk of stroke: a strategy for general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1995;45:185-189.
22. Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Phillips AN, Walker M. Identifying men at high risk of heart attacks: strategy for use in general practice. BMJ. 1986;293: 474-479.
23. Dhanjil S, Jameel M, Nicolaides AN, Griffin M, Belcaro G, Williams M. The ratio of peak systolic velocity of internal carotid over end-diastolic velocity of common carotid: new duplex criteria for recommending carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients. Int Angiol. 1997; 16(suppl 1):79. Abstract.
24. Nicolaides AN, Shifrin EG, Bradbury A, Dhanjil S, Griffin M, Belcaro G, Williams M. Angiographic and duplex grading of internal carotid stenosis: can we overcome the confusion? J Endovasc Surg. 1996;3:158-165.
25. Wanamethee G, Shaper AG, Ebrahim S. Respiratory function and risk of stroke. Stroke. 1995;26:2004-2010.
26. Lee AJ, Mowbray PI, Lowe GDO, Rumley A, Fowkes FG, Allan PL. Blood viscosity and elevated carotid intima-media thickness in men and women: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation. 1998;97:1467-1473.
27. Bonithon-Kopp C, Touboul PJ, Berr C, Leroux C, Mainard F, Courbon D, Ducimetiere P. Relation of intima-media thickness to atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries: the Vascular Aging (EVA) Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996;16:310-316.
28. Bonora E, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Oberhollenzer F, Egger G, Bonadonna R, Muggeo M. Relationship between insulin and carotid atherosclerosis in the general population: the Bruneck Study. Stroke. 1997;28:1147-1152.
29. Mannami T, Konishi M, Baba S, Nishi N, Terao A. Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic lesions detected by high-resolution ultrasonography and its relations to cardiovascular risk factors in the general population of a Japanese city: the Suita Study. Stroke. 1997;28: 518-525.
30. Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Barnes R, Chambless L, Szklo M, Alzola C. Carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound in populations: associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the ARIC Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134:250-256.
31. Li R, Duncan BB, Metcalf PA, Crouse JR, 3rd, Sharrett AR, Tyroler HA, Barnes R, Heiss G, for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. B-mode - detected carotid artery plaque in a general population. Stroke. 1994;25:2377-2383.
32. Gostomzyk JG, Heller WD, Gerehardt P, Lee PN, Keil U. B-scan ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries with a representative population (MONICA Project Augsburg). Klin Wochenschr. 1988;66:58-65.
33. Salonen R, Tervahauta M, Salonen JT, Pekkanen J, Nissinen A, Karvonen, MJ. Ultrasonographic manifestations of common carotid atherosclerosis in elderly eastern Finnish men: prevalence and associations with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994; 14:1631-1640.
34. Duggirala R, Villalpando CG, O'Leary DH, Stern MP, Blangero J. Genetic basis of variation in carotid artery wall thickness. Stroke. 1996;27:833-837.
35. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, Rosamond W, Szklo M, Sharrett AR, Clegg LX. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid artery wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993. Am J Epidemiol. 1997; 146:483-494.
36. Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 1997;96:1432-1437.
37. Ebrahim S. Use of B mode ultrasound of peripheral arteries as an end point in clinical trials. Br Heart J. 1994;72:501-503.
38. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, Selzer RH, Liu C, Alaupovic P, Kwong-Fu H, Azen SP. Reduction in carotid arterial wall thickness using lovastatin and dietary therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:548-556.
39. Salonen R, Nyyssonen K, Porkkala E, Rummukainen J, Belder R, Park JS, Salonen JT. Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS): a population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries. Circulation. 1995;92:1758-1764.
40. Blankenhorn DH, Selzer RH, Crawford DW, Barth JD, Liu CR, Liu CH, Mack WJ, Alaupovic P. Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on the common carotid artery: two- and four-year reduction of intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound. Circulation. 1993;88:20-28.
41. Glagov S, Zarins CK. Is intimai hyperplasia an adaptive response or a pathological process? Observations on the nature of nonatherosclerotic intimal thickening. J Vasc Surg. 1989;10:571-573.
42. Ernst E, Resch KL. Fibrinogen as a cardiovascular risk factor: a metaanalysis and review of the literature. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:956-963.
43. Lowe GDO, Lee AJ, Rumley A, Price JF, Fowkes FG. Blood viscosity and risk of cardiovascular events: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Br J Haematol. 1997;96:168-173.
44. Smith FB, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, Price JF, Rumley A, Lowe GDO. Hemostatic factors as predictors of ischemic heart disease and stroke in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17: 3321-3325.