Blood viscosity and risk of cardiovascular events: The Edinburgh Artery Study

British Journal of Haematology

Volumn 96, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 168-173

  Lowe, G D O ^a,c   Lee, A J ^b   Rumley, A ^a   Price, J F ^b   Fowkes, F G R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

blood viscosity; fibrinogen; haematocrit; ischaemic heart disease; stroke

Indexed keywords

FIBRINOGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD VISCOSITY; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEMATOCRIT; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

EID: 0031015612     PISSN: 00071048     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.8532481.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bo, M., Bonino, F., Neirotti, M., Gottero, M., Pernigotti, L., Molaschi M. & Fabris, F. (1991) Hemorheologic and coagulative pattern in hypercholesterolemic subjects treated with lipid lowering drugs. Angiology, 42, 106-113.
2. Caimi, G., Francavilla, G., Romano, A., Catania, A., Santonocito, G. & Sarno, A. (1988) Blood rheology changes during bezafibrate treatment. British Journal of Clinical Practice, 42, 456-458.
3. Cremer, P., Nagel, D., Labrot, B., Mann, H., Muche, R., Elsten, H. & Seidel, D. (1994) Lipoprotein Lp(a) as predictor of myocardial infarction in comparison to fibrinogen, LDL cholesterol and other risk factors: results from the prospective Göttingen Risk Incidence and Prevalence Study (GRIPS). European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 24, 444-453.
4. Dintenfass, L. (1971) Blood Microrheology: viscosity factors in blood flow, ischaemia and thrombosis. Butterworth, London.
5. Ernst, E. & Resch, K.L. (1993) Fibrinogen as a cardiovascular risk factor: a meta-analysis and review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118, 956-963.
6. Fowkes, F.G.R., Housley, E., Cawood, E.H.H., Macintyre, C.C.A., Ruckley, C.V. & Prescott, R.J. (1991) Edinburgh Artery Study: prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. International Journal of Epidemiology, 20, 384-392.
7. Fowkes, F.G.R., Lowe, G.D.O., Rumley, A., Lennie, S.E., Smith, F.B. & Donnan, P.T. (1993) Relation of blood viscosity to blood pressure in a random sample of the population aged 55-74 years. European Heart Journal, 14, 597-601.
8. Fowkes, F.G.R., Pell, J.P., Donnan, P.T., Housley, E., Lowe, G.D.O., Riemersma, R.A. & Prescott, R.J. (1994) Sex differences in susceptibility to etiologic factors for peripheral atherosclerosis: importance of plasma fibrinogen and blood viscosity. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 14, 862-868.
9. Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I. & Fredrickson, D.S. (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 499-502.
10. Gagnon, D.R., Zhang, T.-J., Brand, F.N. & Kannel, W.B. (1994) Hematocrit and the risk of cardiovascular disease - the Framingham Study: a 34-year follow-up. American Heart Journal, 127, 674-682.
11. Gillum, R.F., Fortmann, S.P., Prineas, R.J. & Koltke, T.E. (1984) International diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction and acute stroke. American Heart Journal, 108, 150-158.
12. Hartmann, A. & Kuschinsky, W. (eds) (1987) Cerebral Ischemia and Hemorheology. Springer, Berlin.
13. Heinrich, J., Balleisen, L., Schulte, H., Assmann, G. & van de Loo, J. (1994) Fibrinogen and factor VII in the prediction of coronary risk: results from the PROCAM Study in healthy men. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, 14, 54-59.
14. Kannel, W.B., Wolf, P.A., Castelli, W.P. & D'Agostino, R.B. (1987) Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258, 1183-1186.
15. Koenig, W., Sund, M., Lowe, G.D.O., Lee, A.J., Resch, K.L., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Keil, U. & Ernst, E. (1994) Geographical variations in plasma viscosity and relation to coronary event rates, Lancet, 344, 711-714.
16. Lowe, G.D.O. (1986) Blood rheology in arterial disease. Clinical Science, 71, 137-146.
17. Lowe, G.D.O. (1987) Blood rheology in general medicine and surgery. Baillières Clinical Haematology, 1, 827-861.
18. Lowe, G.D.O. (1994) Blood rheology and vascular disease. Haemostasis and Thrombosis (ed. by A. L. Bloom et al), 3rd edn, pp. 1169-1188. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
19. Lowe, G.D.O., Fowkes, F.G.R., Dawes, J., Donnan, P.T., Lennie, S.E. & Housley, E. (1993) Blood viscosity, fibrinogen and activation of coagulation and leukocytes in peripheral arterial disease and the normal population in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation, 87, 1915-1920.
20. Lowe, G.D.O., Fowkes, F.G.R., Koenig, W. & Mannucci, P.M. (eds) (1995) Fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 16, Supplement A.
21. Lowe, G.D.O., McArdle, B., Stromberg, P., Lorimer, A.R., Forbes, C.D. & Prentice, C.R.M. (1982) Increased blood viscosity and fibrinolytic inhibitor in type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. Lancet, i, 472-475.
22. Lowe, G.D.O., Smith, W.C.S., Tunstall-Pedoe, H.D., Crombie, I.K., Lennie, S.E., Anderson, J. & Barbenel, J.C. (1988) Cardiovascular risk and haemorheology: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study and the MONICA Project, Glasgow. Clinical Hemorheology, 8, 518-524.
23. Meade, T.W. (1994) The epidemiology of atheroma. thrombosis and ischaemic heart disease. Haemostasis and Thrombosis (ed. by A. L. Bloom et al), 3rd edn, pp. 1199-1227. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
24. Meade, T.W., Mellows, S., Brozovic, M., Imeson, J.D., Mellows, S., Miller, G.J., North, W.R.S., Stirling, Y. & Thompson, S.G. (1986) Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park Heart Study, Lancet, ii, 533-537.
25. Prineas, R.J., Crow, R.S. & Blackburn, H. (1982) The Minnesota Code Manual of Electrocardiographic Findings: standards and procedures for measurements and classification. Wright, London.
26. Smith, W.C.S., Lowe, G.D.O., Lee, A.J. & Tunstall-Pedoe, H.D. (1992) Rheological determinants of blood pressure in a Scottish adult population. Journal of Hypertension, 10, 467-472.
27. Stone, M.C. & Thorp, J.M. (1985) Plasma fibrinogen: a major coronary risk factor. Journal of the Royal College of General Practice, 35, 565-569.
28. Stout, R.W. & Crawford, V. (1991) Seasonal variations in fibrinogen concentrations among elderly people. Lancet, 338, 9-13.
29. Turner, A.R., Lowe, G.U.O., Forbes, C.D. & Pollock, J.G. (1988) Effect of venesection on leg blood flow in claudicants with high-normal haematocrit. Scottish Medical Journal, 33, 298-299.
30. Wannamethee, G., Perry, I.J. & Shaper, A.G. (1994a) Haematocrit, hypertension and risk of stroke. Journal of Internal Medicine, 235, 163-168.
31. Wannamethee, G., Shaper, A.G. & Whincup, P.H. (1994b) Ischaemic heart disease: association with haematocrit in the British Regional Heart Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 48, 112-118.
32. Warlow, C.P. (1996) The epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease. A Textbook of Vascular Medicine (ed. by J. E. Tooke and G. D. O. Lowe), pp. 385-400. Edward Arnold, London.
33. Wetherley-Mein, G., Pearson, T.C., Burrey, P.G.J. & Morris, R.W. (1987) Polycythaemia Study: a project of the Royal College of Physicians Research Unit. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 21, 7-16.
34. Wilhelmsen, L., Svardsudd, K., Korsan-Bengtsen, K., Larsson, B., Welin, T. & Tibblin, G. (1984) Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 311, 501-505.
35. Woodhouse, P.R., Khaw, K.-T., Plumer, M., Foley, A. & Meade, T.W. (1994) Seasonal variations of plasma fibrinogen and factor VII activity in the elderly: winter infections and death from cardiovascular disease. Lancet, 343, 435-439.
36. Yarnell, J.W.G., Baker, I.A., Sweetnam, P.M., Bainton, D., O'Brien, J.R., Whitehead, P.J. & Elwood, P.C. (1991) Fibrinogen, viscosity and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease: the Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Heart Disease Studies. Circulation, 83, 836-844.