The importance of open-boundary estimation for an Indian Ocean GCM-data synthesis

Journal of Marine Research

Volumn 57, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 305-334

  Zhang, Kate Q ^a   Marotzke, Jochem ^b  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; CIRCULATION MODELING; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL;

INDIAN OCEAN;

EID: 0032879850     PISSN: 00222402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1357/002224099321618236     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Baumgartner, A. and E. Reichel. 1975. The World Water Balance, Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 179 pp.
2. Bennett, A. F. 1992. Inverse Methods in Physical Oceanography, Cambridge University Press, 346 pp.
3. Bennett, A. F. and P. C. McIntosh. 1982. Open ocean modeling as an inverse problem: Tidal theory. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1004-1018.
4. Bogden, P. S., P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and R. Signell. 1996. Open-ocean boundary conditions from interior data: Local and remote forcing of Massachusetts Bay. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6487-6500.
5. Bray, N. A., S. E. Wijffels, J. C. Chong, M. Fieux, S. Hautala, G. Meyers and W. M. L. Morawitz. 1997. Characteristics of the Indo-Pacific throughflow in the eastern Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Let., 24, 2569-2572.
6. Döscher, R., C. W. Böning and P. Herrmann. 1994. Response of circulation and heat transport in the North Atlantic to changes in thermohaline forcing in northern latitudes: A model study. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2306-2320.
7. Fieux, M., C. Andrie, P. Delecluse, A. G. Ilahude, A. Kartavtseff, F. Mantisi, R. Molcard and J. C. Swallow. 1994. Measurements within the Pacific-Indian oceans throughflow region. Deep-Sea Res., 41, 1091-1130.
8. Fieux, M., R. Molcard and A. G. Ilahude. 1996. Geostrophic transport of the Pacific-Indian oceans throughflow. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,421-12,432.
9. Garternicht, U. and F. Schott. 1997. Heat fluxes of the Indian Ocean from a global eddy-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,147-21,159.
10. Gates, W. L. and A. B. Nelson. 1975. A new (revised) tabulation of the Scripps topography on a 1 degree global grid, II, Ocean depths. Rep. R-1277-1-ARPA, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
11. Giering, R. and T. Kaminski. 1998. Recipes for adjoint code construction. ACM Trans. Math. Software, 24, 437-474.
12. Godfrey, J. S. 1996. The effect of the Indonesian throughflow on ocean circulation and heat exchange with the atmosphere: A review. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,217-12,237.
13. Gordon, A. L. 1986. Interocean exchange of thermocline water. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5037-5046.
14. Gunson, J. and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli. 1996a. Assimilation studies of open-ocean flows. 1. Estimation of initial and boundary conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28,457-28,472.
15. _ 1996b. Assimilation studies of open-ocean flows. 2. Error measures with strongly nonlinear dynamics. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28,473-28,488.
16. Hellerman, S. and M. Rosenstein. 1983. Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1093-1104.
17. Hirst, A. C. and J. S. Godfrey. 1993. The role of Indonesian throughflow in a global ocean GCM. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1057-1086.
18. Klinck, J. M. 1995. Thermohaline structure of an eddy-resolving North Atlantic model: The influence of boundary conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1174-1195.
19. Lee, T. and J. Marotzke. 1997. Inferring meridional mass and heat transports of the Indian Ocean by fitting a general circulation model to climatological data. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,585-10,602.
20. _ 1998. Seasonal cycles of meridional overturning and heat transport of the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 923-943.
21. Levitus, S. and T. P. Boyer. 1994. World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 4, Temperature: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
22. Levitus, S., R. Burgett and T. P. Boyer. 1994. World Ocean Atlas 1994, Vol. 3, Salinity: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
23. Macdonald, A. M. and C. Wunsch. 1996. An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes. Nature, 382, 436-439.
24. Marotzke, J. 1992. The role of integration time in determining a steady state through data assimilation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1556-1567.
25. Marotzke, J., R. Giering, K. Q. Zhang, D. Stammer, C. N. Hill and T. Lee. 1999. Construction of the adjoint MIT ocean general circulation model and application to Atlantic heat transport sensitivity. (in preparation).
26. Marotzke, J. and C. Wunsch. 1993. Finding the steady state of a general circulation model through data assimilation: Application to the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,149-20,167.
27. Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman and C. Heisey. 1997a. A finite-volume, incompressible Navier-Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5753-5766.
28. Marshall, J., C. Hill, L. Perelman and A. Adcroft. 1997b. Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic, and non-hydrostatic ocean modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5733-5752.
29. Meyers, G., R. J. Bailey and A. P. Worby. 1995. Geostrophic transport of Indonesian throughflow. Deep-Sea Res., 42, 1163-1174.
30. Oberhuber, J. M. 1988. An Atlas Based on the COADS Data Set: The Budgets of Heat, Buoyancy and Turbulent Kinetic Energy at the Surface of the Global Ocean. Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany, 100 pp.
31. Orlanski, I. 1976. A simple boundary condition for unbounded hyperbolic flows. J. Comput. Phys., 21, 251-269.
32. Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling and B. P. Flannery. 1992. Numerical Recipes, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 963 pp.
33. Redler, R. and R. Döscher. 1997. Effect of the overflows on the circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic: A regional model study. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 18,529-18,552.
34. Robbins, P. E. and J. M. Toole. 1997. The dissolved silica budget as a constraint on the meridional overturning circulation of the Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 44, 879-906.
35. Schiller, A. 1995. The mean circulation of the Atlantic Ocean north of 30S determined with the adjoint method applied to an ocean general circulation model. J. Mar. Res., 53, 453-497.
36. Semtner, A. J., Jr. and R. M. Chervin. 1992. Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5493-5550.
37. Stammer, D., C. Wunsch, R. Giering, K. Q. Zhang, J. Marotzke, J. Marshall and C. Hill. 1997. The global ocean circulation estimated from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry and a general circulation model. Center for Global Change Science Report, 49, MIT, 40 pp.
38. Stevens, D. P. 1991. The open boundary condition in the United Kingdom fine-resolution Antarctic model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1494-1499.
39. Toole, J. M. and B. A. Warren. 1993. A hydrographic section across the subtropical South Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 40, 1973-2019.
40. Tziperman, E., W. C. Thacker, R. B. Long, S.-M. Hwang and S. R. Rintoul. 1992. Oceanic data analysis using a general circulation model. Part II: A North Atlantic model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1458-1485.
41. Wacongne, S. and R. Pacanowski. 1996. Seasonal heat transport in a primitive equations model of the tropical Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2666-2699.
42. Warren, B. A. 1981. Transindian hydrographic section at Lat. 18S: Property distributions and circulation in the South Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 28, 759-788.
43. _ 1994. Driving the meridional overturning in the Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 41, 1349-1360.
44. Wijffels, S. E., R. W. Schmitt, H. L. Bryden and A. Stigebrandt. 1992. Transport of freshwater by the oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 155-162.
45. Wyrtki, K. 1988. Oceanographic Atlas of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, reprinted by Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi, xi + 531 pp.