메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 459-468

A critical review of methodology and interpretation of mirror self-recognition research in nonhuman primates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PRIMATES;

EID: 0032877914     PISSN: 00033472     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1166     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (88)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 0001191857 scopus 로고
    • Responses of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) to different conditions of mirror-image stimulation
    • Anderson J. R., Roeder J. Responses of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) to different conditions of mirror-image stimulation. Primates. 30:1989;581-587.
    • (1989) Primates , vol.30 , pp. 581-587
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Roeder, J.2
  • 2
    • 21144480254 scopus 로고
    • Self-awareness and other-awareness: Mirror self-recognition and synchronic imitation among unfamiliar peers
    • Asendorpf J. B., Baudonnière P. M. Self-awareness and other-awareness: mirror self-recognition and synchronic imitation among unfamiliar peers. Developmental Psychology. 29:1993;88-95.
    • (1993) Developmental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 88-95
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1    Baudonnière, P.M.2
  • 3
    • 33847456325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-awareness and other-awareness II: Mirror self-recognition, social contingency awareness, and synchronic imitation
    • Asendorpf J. B., Warkentin V., Baudonnière P. M. Self-awareness and other-awareness II: mirror self-recognition, social contingency awareness, and synchronic imitation. Developmental Psychology. 32:1996;313-321.
    • (1996) Developmental Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 313-321
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1    Warkentin, V.2    Baudonnière, P.M.3
  • 4
    • 0344578597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imitation and mirror self-recognition may be developmental precursors to theory of mind in human and nonhuman primates
    • Bard K. A. Imitation and mirror self-recognition may be developmental precursors to theory of mind in human and nonhuman primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 21:1998;115.
    • (1998) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.21 , pp. 115
    • Bard, K.A.1
  • 7
    • 0019609116 scopus 로고
    • The correspondence between self-and image movement as a cue to self-recognition for young children
    • Bigelow A. E. The correspondence between self-and image movement as a cue to self-recognition for young children. Journal of Genetic Psychology. 139:1981;11-26.
    • (1981) Journal of Genetic Psychology , vol.139 , pp. 11-26
    • Bigelow, A.E.1
  • 9
    • 0005742967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on the organisation of mind, brain and behaviour
    • M. Dol, S. Kasanmoentalib, S. Lijmbach, E. Rivas, & R. van den Bos. Assen: Van Gorcum
    • van den Bos R. Reflections on the organisation of mind, brain and behaviour. Dol M., Kasanmoentalib S., Lijmbach S., Rivas E., van den Bos R. Animal Consciousness and Animal Ethics. 1997;144-166 Van Gorcum, Assen.
    • (1997) Animal Consciousness and Animal Ethics , pp. 144-166
    • Van Den Bos, R.1
  • 10
    • 0344147202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on self-recognition in nonhuman primates
    • van den Bos R. Reflections on self-recognition in nonhuman primates. Animal Behaviour. 58:1999;F1-F9.
    • (1999) Animal Behaviour , vol.58
    • Van Den Bos, R.1
  • 11
    • 85030369102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General organizational principles of the brain as key to the study of animal consciousness
    • van den Bos R. General organizational principles of the brain as key to the study of animal consciousness. Psyche. In press.
    • Psyche
    • Van Den Bos, R.1
  • 12
    • 38248998914 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of "awareness": A response to Mitchell
    • Byrne R. W. The meaning of "awareness": a response to Mitchell. New Ideas in Psychology. 11:1993;347-350.
    • (1993) New Ideas in Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 347-350
    • Byrne, R.W.1
  • 14
    • 0030470119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The misunderstood ape: Cognitive skills of the gorilla
    • A. E. Russon, K. A. Bard, & S. T. Parker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Byrne R. W. The misunderstood ape: cognitive skills of the gorilla. Russon A. E., Bard K. A., Parker S. T. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes. 1996;111-130 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes , pp. 111-130
    • Byrne, R.W.1
  • 15
    • 0023803435 scopus 로고
    • Long-term retention of self-recognition by chimpanzees
    • Calhoun S., Thompson R. L. Long-term retention of self-recognition by chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 15:1988;361-365.
    • (1988) American Journal of Primatology , vol.15 , pp. 361-365
    • Calhoun, S.1    Thompson, R.L.2
  • 16
    • 0003132929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of humans on the cognitive development of apes
    • A. E. Russon, K. A. Bard, & S. T. Parker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Call J., Tomasello M. The effect of humans on the cognitive development of apes. Russon A. E., Bard K. A., Parker S. T. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes. 1996;371-403 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes , pp. 371-403
    • Call, J.1    Tomasello, M.2
  • 17
    • 0025640394 scopus 로고
    • Attending to behaviour versus attending to knowledge: Examining monkeys' attribution of mental states
    • Cheney D., Seyfarth R. Attending to behaviour versus attending to knowledge: examining monkeys' attribution of mental states. Animal Behaviour. 40:1990;742-753.
    • (1990) Animal Behaviour , vol.40 , pp. 742-753
    • Cheney, D.1    Seyfarth, R.2
  • 18
    • 0344147200 scopus 로고
    • The comparative and developmental study of self-recognition and imitation: The importance of social factors
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Custance D., Bard K. A. The comparative and developmental study of self-recognition and imitation: the importance of social factors. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;207-226 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 207-226
    • Custance, D.1    Bard, K.A.2
  • 19
    • 0002716081 scopus 로고
    • Differential rearing of the chimpanzee: A project survey
    • Davenport R. K., Rogers C. M. Differential rearing of the chimpanzee: a project survey. Chimpanzee. 3:1970;337-360.
    • (1970) Chimpanzee , vol.3 , pp. 337-360
    • Davenport, R.K.1    Rogers, C.M.2
  • 20
    • 0018216205 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal behaviour patterns developing in chimpanzee infants during nursery care: A note
    • Dienske H., Griffin R. Abnormal behaviour patterns developing in chimpanzee infants during nursery care: a note. Journal for Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 19:1978;387-391.
    • (1978) Journal for Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 387-391
    • Dienske, H.1    Griffin, R.2
  • 21
    • 0030092872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age differences in the ability of chimpanzees to distinguish mirror-images of self from video images of others
    • Eddy T. J., Gallup G. G. Jr, Povinelli D. J. Age differences in the ability of chimpanzees to distinguish mirror-images of self from video images of others. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 110:1996;38-44.
    • (1996) Journal of Comparative Psychology , vol.110 , pp. 38-44
    • Eddy, T.J.1    Gallup G.G., Jr.2    Povinelli, D.J.3
  • 22
    • 0001335505 scopus 로고
    • Consistency and variability in the behavior of mature, isolation-reared, male rhesus macaques
    • Fittinghoff N. A. Jr, Lindburg D. G., Gomber J., Mitchell G. Consistency and variability in the behavior of mature, isolation-reared, male rhesus macaques. Primates. 15:1974;111-139.
    • (1974) Primates , vol.15 , pp. 111-139
    • Fittinghoff N.A., Jr.1    Lindburg, D.G.2    Gomber, J.3    Mitchell, G.4
  • 23
    • 0002244885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the prefrontal cortex in self-consciousness: The case of auditory hallucinations
    • A. C. Roberts, T. W. Robbins, & L. Weiskrantz. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Frith C. The role of the prefrontal cortex in self-consciousness: the case of auditory hallucinations. Roberts A. C., Robbins T. W., Weiskrantz L. The Prefrontal Cortex; Executive and Cognitive Functions. 1998;181-194 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1998) The Prefrontal Cortex; Executive and Cognitive Functions , pp. 181-194
    • Frith, C.1
  • 24
    • 84996050770 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal behaviors, with a special focus on rocking, and reproductive competence in a large sample of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Fritz J., Nash L. T., Alford P. L., Bowen J. A. Abnormal behaviors, with a special focus on rocking, and reproductive competence in a large sample of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology. 27:1992;161-176.
    • (1992) American Journal of Primatology , vol.27 , pp. 161-176
    • Fritz, J.1    Nash, L.T.2    Alford, P.L.3    Bowen, J.A.4
  • 25
    • 0014929624 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees: Self-recognition
    • Gallup G. G. Jr. Chimpanzees: self-recognition. Science. 167:1970;86-87.
    • (1970) Science , vol.167 , pp. 86-87
    • Gallup G.G., Jr.1
  • 26
    • 77956738805 scopus 로고
    • Toward a comparative psychology of mind
    • R. L. Mellgren. New York: North-Holland
    • Gallup G. G. Jr. Toward a comparative psychology of mind. Mellgren R. L. Animal Cognition and Behavior. 1983;473-510 North-Holland, New York.
    • (1983) Animal Cognition and Behavior , pp. 473-510
    • Gallup G.G., Jr.1
  • 28
    • 0041025703 scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition: Research strategies and experimental design
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Gallup G. G., Jr. Self-recognition: research strategies and experimental design. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;35-50 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 35-50
    • Gallup G.G., Jr.1
  • 30
    • 0001639023 scopus 로고
    • Mirror, mirror on the wall which is the most heuristic theory of them all? A response to Mitchell
    • Gallup G. G. Jr, Povinelli D. J. Mirror, mirror on the wall which is the most heuristic theory of them all? A response to Mitchell. New Ideas in Psychology. 11:1993;327-335.
    • (1993) New Ideas in Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 327-335
    • Gallup G.G., Jr.1    Povinelli, D.J.2
  • 33
    • 0345009143 scopus 로고
    • From self-recognition to theory of mind
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Gergely G. From self-recognition to theory of mind. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;51-60 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 51-60
    • Gergely, G.1
  • 34
    • 0040685072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing theory of mind with nonverbal procedures: Problems with training methods and an alternative "key" procedure
    • Gómez J. C. Assessing theory of mind with nonverbal procedures: problems with training methods and an alternative "key" procedure. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 21:1998;119-120.
    • (1998) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.21 , pp. 119-120
    • Gómez, J.C.1
  • 35
    • 84987216724 scopus 로고
    • Housing conditions and breeding success of chimpanzees at the Primate Center TNO
    • Goosen C., Schrama A., Brinkhof H., Schonk J., van Hoek L. A. Housing conditions and breeding success of chimpanzees at the Primate Center TNO. Zoo Biology. 2:1983;295-302.
    • (1983) Zoo Biology , vol.2 , pp. 295-302
    • Goosen, C.1    Schrama, A.2    Brinkhof, H.3    Schonk, J.4    Van Hoek, L.A.5
  • 36
    • 0005900864 scopus 로고
    • Minds, bodies and persons: Young children's understanding of the self and others as reflected in imitation and theory of mind research
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Gopnik A., Meltzoff A. N. Minds, bodies and persons: young children's understanding of the self and others as reflected in imitation and theory of mind research. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;166-186 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 166-186
    • Gopnik, A.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2
  • 37
    • 0000176251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-awareness and self-knowledge in humans, apes, and monkeys
    • A. E. Russon, K. A. Bard, & S. T. Parker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hart D., Karmel M. P. Self-awareness and self-knowledge in humans, apes, and monkeys. Russon A. E., Bard K. A., Parker S. T. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes. 1996;325-347 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes , pp. 325-347
    • Hart, D.1    Karmel, M.P.2
  • 40
    • 0027383178 scopus 로고
    • Anecdotes, training, trapping and triangulating: Do animals attribute mental states?
    • Heyes C. M. Anecdotes, training, trapping and triangulating: do animals attribute mental states? Animal Behaviour. 46:1993;177-188.
    • (1993) Animal Behaviour , vol.46 , pp. 177-188
    • Heyes, C.M.1
  • 41
    • 0028055732 scopus 로고
    • Reflections on self-recognition in primates
    • Heyes C. M. Reflections on self-recognition in primates. Animal Behaviour. 47:1994;909-919.
    • (1994) Animal Behaviour , vol.47 , pp. 909-919
    • Heyes, C.M.1
  • 42
    • 0029175010 scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition in primates: Further reflections create a hall of mirrors
    • Heyes C. M. Self-recognition in primates: further reflections create a hall of mirrors. Animal Behaviour. 50:1995;1533-1542.
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.50 , pp. 1533-1542
    • Heyes, C.M.1
  • 43
    • 0030046868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition in primates: Irreverence, irrelevance and irony
    • Heyes C. M. Self-recognition in primates: irreverence, irrelevance and irony. Animal Behaviour. 51:1996;470-473.
    • (1996) Animal Behaviour , vol.51 , pp. 470-473
    • Heyes, C.M.1
  • 44
    • 0031748359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of mind in nonhuman primates
    • Heyes C. M. Theory of mind in nonhuman primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 21:1998;101-148.
    • (1998) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.21 , pp. 101-148
    • Heyes, C.M.1
  • 45
    • 0009156633 scopus 로고
    • Behaviour genetics and evolution
    • P. J. B. Slater, & T. R. Halliday. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hoffman A. A. Behaviour genetics and evolution. Slater P. J. B., Halliday T. R. Behaviour and Evolution. 1994;7-42 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Behaviour and Evolution , pp. 7-42
    • Hoffman, A.A.1
  • 47
    • 0001961625 scopus 로고
    • Self-awareness in bonobos and chimpanzees: A comparative perspective
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Hyatt C. W., Hopkins W. D. Self-awareness in bonobos and chimpanzees: a comparative perspective. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;248-253 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 248-253
    • Hyatt, C.W.1    Hopkins, W.D.2
  • 48
    • 0029987671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition and abstraction abilities in the common chimpanzee studied with distorting mirrors
    • Kitchen A., Denton D., Brent L. Self-recognition and abstraction abilities in the common chimpanzee studied with distorting mirrors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 93:1996;7405-7408.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. , vol.93 , pp. 7405-7408
    • Kitchen, A.1    Denton, D.2    Brent, L.3
  • 49
    • 38249001143 scopus 로고
    • Two theories of a mental model of mirror-self-recognition: A response to Mitchell
    • de Lannoy J. D. Two theories of a mental model of mirror-self-recognition: a response to Mitchell. New Ideas in Psychology. 11:1993;337-338.
    • (1993) New Ideas in Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 337-338
    • De Lannoy, J.D.1
  • 50
    • 0039793745 scopus 로고
    • Do gorillas recognize themselves on television?
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Law L. E., Lock A. J. Do gorillas recognize themselves on television? Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;308-312 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 308-312
    • Law, L.E.1    Lock, A.J.2
  • 52
    • 0015674425 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen zum Selbsterkennen im Spiegel bei Orang-utans und einigen anderen Affenarten
    • Lethmate J., Dücker G. Untersuchungen zum Selbsterkennen im Spiegel bei Orang-utans und einigen anderen Affenarten. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 33:1973;248-269.
    • (1973) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie , vol.33 , pp. 248-269
    • Lethmate, J.1    Dücker, G.2
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0018156830 scopus 로고
    • Mirror reactions of Down's syndrome infants and toddlers: Cognitive underpinnings of self-recognition
    • Mans L., Cicchetti O., Sroufe L. A. Mirror reactions of Down's syndrome infants and toddlers: cognitive underpinnings of self-recognition. Child Development. 49:1978;1247-1250.
    • (1978) Child Development , vol.49 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Mans, L.1    Cicchetti, O.2    Sroufe, L.A.3
  • 55
    • 84995121878 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing stereotyped behavior of primates in a zoo
    • Marriner L. M., Drickamer L. C. Factors influencing stereotyped behavior of primates in a zoo. Zoo Biology. 13:1994;267-275.
    • (1994) Zoo Biology , vol.13 , pp. 267-275
    • Marriner, L.M.1    Drickamer, L.C.2
  • 56
    • 0022081927 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) spatial problem solving with the use of mirrors and televised equivalents of mirrors
    • Menzel E. W. Jr, Savage-Rumbaugh E. S., Lawson J. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) spatial problem solving with the use of mirrors and televised equivalents of mirrors. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 99:1985;211-217.
    • (1985) Journal of Comparative Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 211-217
    • Menzel E.W., Jr.1    Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.2    Lawson, J.3
  • 57
    • 23144440273 scopus 로고
    • Mental models of mirror self-recognition: Two theories
    • Mitchell R. W. Mental models of mirror self-recognition: two theories. New Ideas in Psychology. 11:1993a;295-325.
    • (1993) New Ideas in Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 295-325
    • Mitchell, R.W.1
  • 58
    • 0005064849 scopus 로고
    • Recognizing one's self in a mirror? a reply to Gallup and Povinelli, De Lannoy, Anderson, and Byrne
    • Mitchell R. W. Recognizing one's self in a mirror? a reply to Gallup and Povinelli, De Lannoy, Anderson, and Byrne. New Ideas in Psychology. 11:1993b;351-377.
    • (1993) New Ideas in Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 351-377
    • Mitchell, R.W.1
  • 59
    • 0030024407 scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition, methodology and explanation: A comment on Heyes (1994)
    • Mitchell R. W. Self-recognition, methodology and explanation: a comment on Heyes (1994). Animal Behaviour. 51:1995;467-469.
    • (1995) Animal Behaviour , vol.51 , pp. 467-469
    • Mitchell, R.W.1
  • 60
    • 0030805707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the self-awareness and kinesthetic-visual matching theories of self-recognition: Autistic children and others
    • J. G. Snodgrass, & R. L. Thompson. New York: New York Academy of Sciences
    • Mitchell R. W. A comparison of the self-awareness and kinesthetic-visual matching theories of self-recognition: autistic children and others. Snodgrass J. G., Thompson R. L. The Self across Psychology: Self-recognition, Self-awareness, and the Self Concept. 1997;39-62 New York Academy of Sciences, New York.
    • (1997) The Self Across Psychology: Self-recognition, Self-awareness, and the Self Concept , pp. 39-62
    • Mitchell, R.W.1
  • 61
    • 0039838978 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination learning of scratching, but failure to obtain imitation and self-recognition in a long-tailed macaque
    • Mitchell R. W., Anderson J. R. Discrimination learning of scratching, but failure to obtain imitation and self-recognition in a long-tailed macaque. Primates. 34:1993;301-309.
    • (1993) Primates , vol.34 , pp. 301-309
    • Mitchell, R.W.1    Anderson, J.R.2
  • 63
    • 0040980272 scopus 로고
    • Incipient mirror self-recognition in zoo gorillas and chimpanzees
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Parker S. T. Incipient mirror self-recognition in zoo gorillas and chimpanzees. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;301-307 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 301-307
    • Parker, S.T.1
  • 64
    • 0007086273 scopus 로고
    • Expanding dimensions of the self: Through the looking glass and beyond
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Expanding dimensions of the self: through the looking glass and beyond. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;166-186 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 166-186
    • Parker, S.T.1    Mitchell, R.W.2    Boccia, M.L.3
  • 65
    • 0002673162 scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition and self-awareness in lowland gorillas
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Patterson F. G. P., Cohn R. H. Self-recognition and self-awareness in lowland gorillas. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;273-290 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 273-290
    • Patterson, F.G.P.1    Cohn, R.H.2
  • 67
    • 0345281983 scopus 로고
    • The development of stereotyped body rocking in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) reared in a variety of nursery settings
    • Pazol K. A., Bloomsmith M. A. The development of stereotyped body rocking in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) reared in a variety of nursery settings. Animal Welfare. 2:1993;113-129.
    • (1993) Animal Welfare , vol.2 , pp. 113-129
    • Pazol, K.A.1    Bloomsmith, M.A.2
  • 68
    • 0029445138 scopus 로고
    • Arboreal clambering and the evolution of self-conception
    • Povinelli D. J., Cant J. G. H. Arboreal clambering and the evolution of self-conception. Quarterly Review of Biology. 70:1995;393-421.
    • (1995) Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.70 , pp. 393-421
    • Povinelli, D.J.1    Cant, J.G.H.2
  • 69
    • 0029133366 scopus 로고
    • Theory of mind: Evolutionary history of a cognitive specialization
    • Povinelli D. J., Preuss T. M. Theory of mind: evolutionary history of a cognitive specialization. Trends in Neuroscience. 18:1995;418-424.
    • (1995) Trends in Neuroscience , vol.18 , pp. 418-424
    • Povinelli, D.J.1    Preuss, T.M.2
  • 70
    • 0027100740 scopus 로고
    • Role reversal by rhesus monkeys, but no evidence of empathy
    • Povinelli D. J., Parks K. A., Novak M. A. Role reversal by rhesus monkeys, but no evidence of empathy. Animal Behaviour. 43:1992a;269-281.
    • (1992) Animal Behaviour , vol.43 , pp. 269-281
    • Povinelli, D.J.1    Parks, K.A.2    Novak, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 0000778510 scopus 로고
    • Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: Evidence of empathy?
    • Povinelli D. J., Nelson K. E., Boysen S. T. Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: evidence of empathy? Animal Behaviour. 43:1992b;633-640.
    • (1992) Animal Behaviour , vol.43 , pp. 633-640
    • Povinelli, D.J.1    Nelson, K.E.2    Boysen, S.T.3
  • 72
    • 0027768043 scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Distribution, ontogeny, and patterns of emergence
    • Povinelli D. J., Rulf A. B., Landau K. R., Bierschwale D. T. Self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): distribution, ontogeny, and patterns of emergence. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 107:1993;347-372.
    • (1993) Journal of Comparative Psychology , vol.107 , pp. 347-372
    • Povinelli, D.J.1    Rulf, A.B.2    Landau, K.R.3    Bierschwale, D.T.4
  • 73
    • 0028389953 scopus 로고
    • Absence of knowledge attribution and self-recognition in young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Povinelli D. J., Rulf A. B., Bierschwale D. T. Absence of knowledge attribution and self-recognition in young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology. 108:1994;74-80.
    • (1994) Journal of Comparative Psychology , vol.108 , pp. 74-80
    • Povinelli, D.J.1    Rulf, A.B.2    Bierschwale, D.T.3
  • 76
    • 0022622423 scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of mirror behavior in two species of great apes
    • Robert S. Ontogeny of mirror behavior in two species of great apes. American Journal of Primatology. 10:1986;109-117.
    • (1986) American Journal of Primatology , vol.10 , pp. 109-117
    • Robert, S.1
  • 77
    • 0025502151 scopus 로고
    • Do infants use their own images to locate objects reflected in a mirror?
    • Robinson J. A., Connell S., McKenzie B. E., Day R. H. Do infants use their own images to locate objects reflected in a mirror? Child Development. 61:1990;1558-1568.
    • (1990) Child Development , vol.61 , pp. 1558-1568
    • Robinson, J.A.1    Connell, S.2    McKenzie, B.E.3    Day, R.H.4
  • 78
    • 0021382831 scopus 로고
    • Visual self-recognition in autistic children: Developmental relationships
    • Spiker D., Ricks M. Visual self-recognition in autistic children: developmental relationships. Child Development. 55:1984;214-225.
    • (1984) Child Development , vol.55 , pp. 214-225
    • Spiker, D.1    Ricks, M.2
  • 79
    • 0000736988 scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition in chimpanzees and orangutans, but not gorillas
    • Suarez S. D., Gallup G. G. Jr. Self-recognition in chimpanzees and orangutans, but not gorillas. Journal of Human Evolution. 10:1981;175-188.
    • (1981) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 175-188
    • Suarez, S.D.1    Gallup G.G., Jr.2
  • 80
    • 84990156473 scopus 로고
    • Social responding to mirrors in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Effects of changing mirror location
    • Suarez S. D., Gallup G. G. Jr. Social responding to mirrors in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): effects of changing mirror location. American Journal of Primatology. 11:1986;239-244.
    • (1986) American Journal of Primatology , vol.11 , pp. 239-244
    • Suarez, S.D.1    Gallup G.G., Jr.2
  • 81
    • 0031577103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not?
    • J. G. Snodgrass, & R. L. Thompson. New York: New York Academy of Sciences
    • Swartz K. B. What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not? Snodgrass J. G., Thompson R. L. The Self across Psychology: Self-recognition, Self-awareness, and the Self Concept. 1997;65-71 New York Academy of Sciences, New York.
    • (1997) The Self Across Psychology: Self-recognition, Self-awareness, and the Self Concept , pp. 65-71
    • Swartz, K.B.1
  • 82
    • 34249919483 scopus 로고
    • Not all chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show self-recognition
    • Swartz K. B., Evans S. Not all chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show self-recognition. Primates. 32:1991;483-496.
    • (1991) Primates , vol.32 , pp. 483-496
    • Swartz, K.B.1    Evans, S.2
  • 83
    • 0013503958 scopus 로고
    • Social and cognitive factors in chimpanzee and gorilla mirror behavior and self-recognition
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Swartz K. B., Evans S. Social and cognitive factors in chimpanzee and gorilla mirror behavior and self-recognition. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;189-206 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 189-206
    • Swartz, K.B.1    Evans, S.2
  • 84
    • 0030859894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human self and the animal self: Behavioral problems with few answers
    • J. G. Snodgrass, & R. L. Thompson. New York: New York Academy of Sciences
    • Thompson R. L. The human self and the animal self: behavioral problems with few answers. Snodgrass J. G., Thompson R. L. The Self across Psychol-ogy: Self-recognition, Self-awareness, and the Self Concept. 1997;284-290 New York Academy of Sciences, New York.
    • (1997) The Self Across Psychol-ogy: Self-recognition, Self-awareness, and the Self Concept , pp. 284-290
    • Thompson, R.L.1
  • 85
    • 0002624974 scopus 로고
    • Appeasement, celebration, and foodsharing in the two Pan species
    • T. Nishida, W. McGrew, & P. Marler. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press
    • de Waal F. B. M. Appeasement, celebration, and foodsharing in the two Pan species. Nishida T., McGrew W., Marler P. Topics in Primatology. 1992;37-50 Tokyo University Press, Tokyo.
    • (1992) Topics in Primatology , pp. 37-50
    • De Waal, F.B.M.1
  • 87
    • 0030469733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaque and chimpanzee
    • A. E. Russon, K. A. Bard, & S. T. Parker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • de Waal F. B. M., Aureli F. Consolation, reconciliation, and a possible cognitive difference between macaque and chimpanzee. Russon A. E., Bard K. A., Parker S. T. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes. 1996;80-110 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes , pp. 80-110
    • De Waal, F.B.M.1    Aureli, F.2
  • 89
    • 0020462814 scopus 로고
    • A vocabulary of abnormal behaviors in restrictively reared chimpanzees
    • Walsh S., Bramblett C. A., Alford P. L. A vocabulary of abnormal behaviors in restrictively reared chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 3:1982;315-319.
    • (1982) American Journal of Primatology , vol.3 , pp. 315-319
    • Walsh, S.1    Bramblett, C.A.2    Alford, P.L.3
  • 90
    • 0009788386 scopus 로고
    • Me Chantek: The development of self-awareness in a signing orangutan
    • S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell, & M. L. Boccia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • White Miles H. L. Me Chantek: the development of self-awareness in a signing orangutan. Parker S. T., Mitchell R. W., Boccia M. L. Self-awareness in Animals and Humans. 1994;254-272 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Self-awareness in Animals and Humans , pp. 254-272
    • White Miles, H.L.1
  • 91
    • 0001868683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imitation, pretence, and mindreading: Secondary representation in comparative primatology and developmental psychology?
    • A. E. Russon, K. A. Bard, & S. T. Parker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Whiten A. Imitation, pretence, and mindreading: secondary representation in comparative primatology and developmental psychology? Russon A. E., Bard K. A., Parker S. T. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes. 1996;300-324 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes , pp. 300-324
    • Whiten, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.