Ethnocultural considerations in group psychotherapy

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 429-464

  Salvendy, John T ^a,b  

^a ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b NONE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GROUP THERAPY; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MINORITY GROUP; PERCEPTION; SOCIAL CLASS;

EID: 0032875672     PISSN: 00207284     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00207284.1999.11490963     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Ackerman, N. W., & Jahoda, M. (1950). Anti-semitism and emotional disorder. New York: Harper.
2. Addison, R. (1977). The racially different patient in individual and group psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 9, 39-40.
3. Alexander, F., & French, T. (1946). Psychoanalytic therapy: Principles and applications. New York: Ronald Press.
4. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
5. Alvidrez, J., Azocar, F., & Miranda, J. (1996). Demystifying the concept of ethnicity for psychotherapy researchers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 903-908.
6. Aponte, J. F., Rivers, R. Y., & Wohl, J. (Eds.). (1995). Psychological interventions and cultural diversity. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
7. Atkinson, D. R., Maruyama, M., & Matsui, S. (1978). The effects of counselor race and counseling approach on Asian Americans' perceptions of counselor credibility and utility. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, 76-83.
8. Atkinson, D. R., & Lowe, S. M. (1995). The role of ethnicity, cultural knowledge and conventional techniques in counseling and psychotherapy. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multiracial counseling (pp. 387-414). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9. Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1991). Psychological adjustment. In Department of Health and Human Services (Ed.), Mental Health services for refugees (DHHS Publication No. ADM-91-1824, pp. 1-23). Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
10. Bernard, V. M. (1953). Psychoanalysis and members of minority groups. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 1, 256-267.
11. Betancourt, H., & Lopez, S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity and race in American psychology. American Psychologist, 48, 629-637.
12. Bilu, Y., & Witzum, E. (1993). Working with Jewish ultra-orthodox patients: Guidelines for a culturally sensitive therapy. Cultural Medicine and Psychiatry, 17, 197-233.
13. Brook, D. W., Gordon, C., & Meadow, H. (1998). Ethnicity, culture and group psychotherapy. Group, 22, 53-80.
14. Burke, A. (1984). The multi-racial small group on race: Theoretical issues and practical considerations. International Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 89-101.
15. Chen, C. P. (1995). Group counseling in a different cultural context: Several primary issues dealing with Chinese clients. Group, 19, 45-55.
16. Chin, J. L., De La Cancela, V., & Jenkins, Y. M. (1993). Diversity in psychotherapy. Westport, CT: Praeger.
17. Comas-Diaz, L., & Griffith, E. E. (Eds.). (1988). Clinical guidelines in cross-cultural mental health. New York: Wiley.
18. Comas-Diaz, L., & Jacobsen, F. M. (1991). Ethno-cultural transference and counter-transference in the therapeutic dyad. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61, 392-402.
19. Cooper, S. (1973). A look at the effect of racism on clinical work. Social Casework, 54, 76-84.
20. Curry, A. (1964). Myth, transference and the black psychotherapist. Psychoanalytic Review, 51, 7-14.
21. Dublin, H. (1998). Current trends in group psychotherapy practice. The Group Circle: The Newsletter of the American Group Psychotherapy Association. August 1998, p.7.
22. Eisenbruch, M. (1991). From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement. Social Sciences and Medicine, 33, 673-680.
23. Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York: W.W. Norton.
24. Ettin, M. F. (1993). Links between group process and social, political and cultural issues. In H. I. Kaplan & B. J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive group psychotherapy (3rd ed., pp. 699-716). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
25. Etzioni, A. (1993). The evils of self-determination. Foreign Policy, 89, 21-35.
26. Fenster, A. (1996). Group therapy as an effective treatment modality for people of color. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 46, 399-416.
27. Fenster, A., & Fenster, J. (1998). Diagnosing deficits in "basic trust" in multiracial and multi-cultural groups: Individual or social psychopathology? Group, 22, 81-93.
28. Fischer, N. (1971). An interracial analysis: Transference and countertransference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 19, 736-746.
29. Flapan, D., & Fenchel, G. H. (1984). Counter-transference in group psychotherapy. Group 8, 17-29.
30. Gadlin, W. I. (1991). On scapegoating: Biblical-classical sources, group psychotherapy, and world affairs. In S. Tuttman (Ed.), Psychoanalytic theory and therapy: Essays in honour of Saul Scheidlinger (pp. 27-44). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
31. Gardner, E. (1971). Psychotherapy and counseling with black clients. In P. Pederson (Ed.), Handhook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 173-179). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
32. Giordano, J. (1974). Ethnics and minorities: A review of the literature. Clinical Social Work Journal, 2, 200-207.
33. Mitchell, A. (1998, February 18). A question of race. Globe and Mail, pp. A1, A8.
34. Goldberg, A. (1987). Psychoanalysis and negotiation. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 56, 109-129.
35. Gorkin, M. (1987). The uses of counter-transference. New York: Jason Aronson.
36. Greene, B. (1996). African-American women: Considering diverse identities and societal barriers in psychotherapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 789, 191-209.
37. Griffith, M. S. (1977). The influence of race on the psychotherapeutic relationship. Psychiatry, 40, 27-40.
38. Griffith, M. S., & Jones, E. E. (1978). Race and psychotherapy: Changing perspectives. In J. H. Masserman (Ed.), Current psychiatric therapies, Vol. 18 (pp. 225-235). New York: Grune & Stratton.
39. Hall, C. C. I. (1997). Cultural malpractice: The growing obsolescence of psychology with the changing U.S. population. American Psychologist, 52(6), 642-651.
40. Hoffman, I. (1983). The patient as an interpreter of the analyst's experience. Contemporary Analysis, 19, 389-422.
41. Holmes, D. E. (1992). Race and transference in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 73(1), 1-11.
42. Hopper, E., & Weyman, A. (1975). A sociological view of large groups. In L. Kreeger (Ed.), The large group: Dynamics and therapy (p. 159-190). London: Constable.
43. Ivey, A., Ivey, M., & Simek-Morgan, L. (1993). Counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
44. James, W. (1956). The will to believe and other essays on popular philosophy. New York: Dover.
45. Jenkins, A. (1990). Dynamics of the relationship in clinical work with African-American clients. Group, 14, 36-43.
46. Jones, A., & Seagull, A. A. (1977). Dimensions of the relationship between the black client and the white therapist: A theoretical overview. American Psychologist, 32, 850-855.
47. Jones, E. E. (1982). Psychotherapists' impressions of treatment outcome as a function of race. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(4), 722-731.
48. Jones, E. E. (1987). Psychotherapy and counseling with black clients. In P. Pedersen (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 173-179). New York: Praeger.
49. Jones, J. M. (1997). Prejudice and racism. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill.
50. Kardiner, A., & Ovesey, L. (1951). The mark of oppression. New York: World.
51. Karon, A. B. (1958). The negro personality: A rigorous investigation of the effects of culture. New York: Springer.
52. Kennedy, J. (1952). Problems posed in the analysis of Negro patients. Psychiatry, 15, 313-327.
53. Kernberg, O. (1965). Notes on counter-transference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 13, 38-56.
54. Kibel, H. D. (1972). Interracial conflicts as resistance in group psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 26, 555-562.
55. Kinzie, J. D. (1978). Lessons from cross-cultural psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 32, 510-519.
56. Kinzie, J. D., Leung, P., Bui, A., Ben, R., Keopraseuth, K. O., Riley, C., Fleur, J., & Ades, M. (1988). Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees. Community Mental Health Journal, 24, 157-166.
57. Kravitz, R., & Watson, C. (1997). Gender, race and poverty: Bringing the socio-political into psychotherapy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 474-479.
58. Krober, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, Vol. 47, Harvard University.
59. Leary, K. (1995). Interpreting in the dark: Race and ethnicity in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 12, 127-140.
60. Lee, E. (1998). Research of homogeneous groups of East Asian immigrants. Personal communication, June 12.
61. Lieberman, M., Yalom, I., & Miles, M (1972). Encounter Groups: First facts. New York: Basic Books.
62. Loo, C., Tong, B., & True, R., (1989). A bitter bean: Mental health status and attitudes in Chinatown. Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 283-296.
63. Maharajh, J. (1984). Alice in Wonderland: The multi-racial small group in clinical practice. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 30(1-2), 85-88.
64. Mattke, D. (1994). How do you become a group therapist? Personal communication, Conference of the German Association of Group Psychotherapy and Group Dynamics, Bad Wildungen, May 15.
65. Mezzich, J. E., Kleinman, A., Fabrega, T. R. H., & Parron, D. L. (1996). Culture and psychiatric diagnosis: A DSM-IV perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
66. Nakkab, S., & Hernandez, M., (1998). Group psychotherapy in the context of cultural diversity. Group, 22, 95-103.
67. Nickerson, K., Helms, J., & Terrel, F., (1994). Cultural mistrust, opinions about mental illness, and black students attitudes towards seeking psychological help from white counselors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 378-385.
68. Ogbu, J. V., & Matute-Bianchi, M. E. (1986). Understanding socio-cultural factors: Knowledge, identity and school adjustment. In C. E. Cortes (Ed.), Beyond language: Social and cultural factors in schooling language minority students (pp. 73-142). Los Angeles, CA, State University: Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center.
69. Oravecz, R. (1998). The dynamics of the refugee-identity [in Hungarian]. Addictologia Hungarica, V, 272-275.
70. O'Sullivan, M., Peterson, P., Cox, G., & Kirkeby, I. (1989). Ethnic populations: Community mental health services ten years later. American Journal of Community Psychology, 17, 17-30.
71. Paniagua, F. A. (1994). Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
72. Phares, E. J. (1984). Clinical Psychology. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
73. Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
74. Pinderhughes, E. B. (1984). Teaching empathy: Ethnicity, race and power at the cross-culture treatment interface. American Journal of Social Psychiatry, 4, 5-12.
75. Pinderhughes, E. B. (1989). Understanding race, ethnicity and power: The key to efficacy in clinical practice. New York: The Free Press.
76. Pope-Davis, D. B., & Coleman, H. L. K. (Eds.). (1997). Multicultural competencies: Assessment, education and training, and supervision. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
77. Renik, O. (1993). Analytic interaction: Conceptualizing technique in the light of the analyst's irreducible subjectivity. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 62, 553-571.
78. Ridley, C. R. (1984). Clinical treatment of the non-disclosing black client. American Psychologist, 39, 1234-1244.
79. Root, M. (1985). Guidelines for facilitating therapy with Asian-American clients. Psychotherapy, 22, 349-356.
80. Salvendy, J. T. (1983). The mental health of immigrants: A reassessment of concepts. Canada's Mental Health, 31, 9-16.
81. Salvendy, J. T. (1985). Training, leadership and group composition: A review of the crucial variables. Group Analysis, 18, 132-141.
82. Salvendy, J. T. (1993). Selection and preparations of patients and organization of the group. In H. Kaplan & B. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive group psychotherapy (3rd ed., pp. 72-84), Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
83. Salvendy, J. T. (1999). The dynamics of prejudice and hate in Central Europe. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 4(2), 145-159.
84. Schacter, J., & Butts, H. (1968). Transference and counter-transference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 166, 792-808.
85. Silverstein, R. (1995). Bending the conventional rules when treating the ultra-orthodox in group setting. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 45, 237-249.
86. Simoni, J., & Perez, L. (1995). Latinos and mutual support groups: A case for considering culture. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 440-445.
87. Sinclair, M. (1997). Cultural context and awareness for group psychotherapists: The role of aboriginal healing methods m meeting the needs of aboriginal youth (pp. 10-15). Ontario, Canada: Canadian Croup Psychotherapy Foundation.
88. Spiegel, J. P. (1976). Cultural aspects of transference and counter-transference revisited. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 4, 447-467.
89. Stiers, M. (1987). A Kleinian analysis of group development. Group, 11, 67-77.
90. Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different. New York: Wiley.
91. Sue, D. W., Ivey, A. E., & Pedersen, P. D. (Eds.). (1996). A theory of multicultural counseling and therapy. San Francisco: Brooks/Cole.
92. Sue, S. (1988). Psychotherapeutic services for ethnic minority groups: Some optimism, some pessimism. American Psychologist, 43, 301-308.
93. Sue, S. (1998). In search of cultural competence in psychotherapy and counseling. American Psychologist, 53, 440-448.
94. Sue, S., & Zane, N. (1987). The role of culture and cultural techniques in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 42, 37-45.
95. Sue, S., McKinney, H., & Allen, D. (1976). Predictions of the duration of therapy for clients in the community mental health system. Community Mental Health Journal, 12, 365-375.
96. Sue, S., Akutsu, P. D., & Higashi, C. (1987). Training issues in conducting therapy with ethnic minority-group clients. In P. Pedersen (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural counseling and therapy (pp. 275-280). New York: Praeger.
97. Szapocznik, J., Santiseban, D., Kurtines, W. M., Hervis, O. E., & Spencer, F. (1982). Life enhancement counseling. In E.E. Jones & S.J. Korchin (Eds.), Minority mental health (pp. 296-330). New York: Praeger.
98. Takeuchi, D. T., Sue, S., & Yeh, M. (1995). Return rates and outcomes from ethnicity specific mental health programs in Los Angeles. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 638-643.
99. Theodorson, G. A., & Theodorson, A. G. (1969). A modern dictionary of sociology. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
100. Thomas, A. (1962). Pseudo-transference reactions due to cultural stereotyping. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 32, 894-900.
101. Thomas, A., & Sillen, S. (1972). Racism and psychiatry. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
102. Thygesen, B. (1992). "Diversity" as a group-specific factor in group analytic psychotherapy. Group Analysis, 25, 75-86.
103. Toker, E. (1972). The scapegoat as an essential group phenomenon. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 22, 320-332.
104. Tsui, P. (1997). The dynamics of cultural and power relations in group therapy. In E. Lee, (Ed.), Working with Asian Americans: A guide for clinicians (pp. 354-363). New York-London: Guilford.
105. Tsui, P., & Schultz, G. (1985). Failure of rapport: Why psychotherapeutic engagement fails in the treatment of Asian clients. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55, 561-569.
106. Tsui, P., & Schultz, G. (1988). Ethnic factors in group process: Cultural dynamics in multi-ethnic groups. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, 136-142.
107. Tylim, I. (1982). Group psychotherapy with hispanic patients: The psychodynamics of idealization. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 32, 339.
108. Tylor, R. B. (1871). Primitive culture (Vol. 1). London: John Murray.
109. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1995). Statistical abstracts of the U.S. (115th ed.), Washington, DC: Author.
110. Volkan, V .D. (1988). The need to have enemies and allies. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
111. White, J. C. (1994). The impact of race and ethnicity on transference and counter-transference in combined individual-group therapy. Group, 18, 89-99.
112. Wilson, M. N., Phillip, D., Kohn, L. P., & Curry-El, J. A. (1995). Cultural relativistic approach toward ethnic minorities in family therapy. In I. F. Aponte, R. Y. Rivers, & J. Wohl (Eds.), Psychological interventions and cultural diversity (pp. 92-108). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
113. Yeh, M., Takeuchi. D. T., & Sue, S. (1994). Asian American children in the mental health system: A comparison of parallel and mainstream outpatient service centers. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23, 5-12.
114. Zalokar, J. (1994). Psychological and psychopathological problems of immigrants and refugees. Quoted in Oravecz, 1998.