Acute care management of spinal cord injuries

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 60-79

  Mitcho, Karen ^b   Yanko, Janette R ^a  

^a ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Clinical pathway; Family unit; Multidisciplinary team; Quadriplegia; Spinal cord injury; Spinal shock

Indexed keywords

21 AMINOSTEROID; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; GANGLIOSIDE; LORAZEPAM; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MIDAZOLAM; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; OPIATE ANTAGONIST; PROTIRELIN; PROTIRELIN DERIVATIVE; SCAVENGER;

AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; BLADDER CATHETERIZATION; BLOOD RHEOLOGY; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; FECES INCONTINENCE; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; NUTRITION; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; PAIN ASSESSMENT; QUADRIPLEGIA; RATING SCALE; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; REVIEW; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SPASTICITY; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINE STABILIZATION; SPINE SURGERY; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

EID: 0032864636     PISSN: 08879303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002727-199908000-00010     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors: Student Manual. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma; 1997.
2. Wilberger JE. Acute spinal cord injury. In: Menezes A, Sontagg VK, eds. Principles of Spinal Surgery. New York: McGraw Hill; 1995.
3. American Injury Association. International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Atlanta: American Injury Association; 1994.
4. Management of acute spinal injuries. In: United States Flight Surgeon's Manual. 3d ed. 1991. Internet.http// : www.vnh.org/FSManual/07/09Management Acute.html.
5. Levine AM, McAfee PC, Anderson PA. Evaluation and emergent treatment of patients with thoracolumbar trauma. Instruct Course Lect. 1995;44:33-45.
6. Lee RL. MR imaging and cervical spine injury. Radiol. 1996;201(3):617-618.
7. Ramon S, Dominguez R, Ramirez L, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging correlation in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1997;35:664-673.
8. Faden AI. Pharmacological treatment of central nervous system trauma. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996;78:12-17.
9. Zeidman SM, Shiu-Fei L, Ducker TB, et al. Clinical applications of pharmacologic therapies for spinal cord injury. J Spine Disord. 1996;9(5):367-380.
10. Bracken MB, Shephard M, Holford T, et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. JAMA. 1997;277(20):1597-1604.
11. Gerndt SJ, Rodriguez JL, Pawlik JW, et al. Consequences of high-dose steroid therapy for acute spinal cord injury. J Trauma: Inj Infect Crit Care. 1997;42(2):279-284.
12. Nayduch D, Lee A, Butler D. High-dose methylprednisolone after acute spinal cord injury. Crit Care Nurs. 1994;14:69-78.
13. Heary RF, Vaccaro AR, Mesa JJ, et al. Steroids and gunshot wounds to the spine. Neurosurg. 1997;41(3):576-584.
14. Levy ML, Gans W, Wijesinghe HS, et al. Use of methylprednisolone as an adjunct in the management of patients with penetrating spinal cord injury: Outcome analysis. Neurosurg. 1996;39(6):1141-1149.
15. Rhoney DH, Luer MS, Hughes M, et al. New pharmacologie approaches to acute spinal cord injury. Pharmacother. 1996;16(3):382-392.
16. Faden AI. Therapeutic approaches to spinal cord injury. Adv Neurol. 1997;72:377-386.
17. Hansebout R. The neurosurgical management of cord injuries. In: Bloch RF, Basbaum M, eds. Management of Spinal Cord Injuries. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1986.
18. Grady MS. Stabilizing the cervical spine. West J Med. 162(3):261.
19. Carlson TR. Devices and appliances for the care of spinal injuries. Trauma Q. 1988;4(3):79-83.
20. Knoller N, Robinson W, Aldrich EF, et al. Management of algorithms for cervical spine injuries. Poster Presentation at AANS, 1997. Internet: http://cnshome.org/ abstracts.fm$retr...35956&field=RecID&html= detail&doscript=counter.
21. Duh MS, Shepard MJ, Wilberger JE, et al. The effectiveness of surgery on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury and its relation to pharmacological treatment. Neurosurg. 1994;35(2):240-249.
22. Ragnarsson KT, Hall KM, Wilmot CB, et al. Management of pulmonary, cardiovascular and metabolic conditions after spinal cord injury. In: Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from Model Systems. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc.; 1995.
23. Campagnolo DI, Esquieres RE, Kopacz KJ. Effect of timing of stabilization on length of stay and medical complications following spinal cord injury. Journal Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20(3):331-334.
24. Selden N, et al. Emergent MRI and surgical decompression improves outcomes and reduces cost in spinal cord injury. Oral presentation at CNS, 1997. Internet: http:// cnshome.org/abstracts/abstracts.fm$retr...35204& filed=RecID&html=detail&doscript=counter
25. Wirtz K, La Favor K, Ang R. Managing chronic spinal cord injury: Issues in critical care. Crit Care Nurs. 1996;16(4):24-35.
26. Kuric J, Hixon A. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autonomie Dysreflexia. Jackson Heights, NY: American Association of Spinal Cord Injury Nurses; 1996.
27. Lucke K. Pulmonary management following acute SCI. J Neurosci Nurs. 1998;30(2):91-102.
28. Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20(3):261-283.
29. Rogers FB, Shackford SR, Wilson, et al. Prophylactic vena cava filter insertion in severely injured trauma patients: Indications, preliminary results. J Trauma. 1993;35:637-641.
30. Shatney C, Brunner R, Nguyen T. The safety of orotracheal intubation in patients with unstable cervical spine fracture or high spinal cord injury. American J Surg. 1995;170:676-680.
31. Kocan M. (1990). Pulmonary considerations in the critical care phase. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 1990;2(3).
32. Yu D. A crash course in spinal cord injury: Medical care issues for primary care physicians. Spinal Cord Inj. 1998;104(2):109-120.
33. McBride D, Rodts G. Intensive care of patients with spinal trauma. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 1994;5(4):369-374.
34. Glickman S, Kamm M. Bowel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients. The Lancet. 1996;347:1651-1653.
35. Stone J, Wolfe V, Nino-Murcia, M., et al. Colostomy as treatment for complications of spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990;71:514-18.
36. Kearns P, Thompson J, Werner P, et al. Nutritional and metabolic response to acute spinal cord injury. J Enteral Nutr. 1992;16:11-15.
37. Laven G, Huang C, DeVivo M, et al. Nutritional status during the acute stage of spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:277-282.
38. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Clinical Practice Guidelines;Treatment of Pressure Ulcers. Pub. 95-0654. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1994.
39. Trujillo E, Robinsen M, Jacobs O. Nutritional assessment in the critically ill. Crit Care Nurs. 1999;19(1):67-78.
40. Lipetz J, Kirshblum S, O'Connor K, et al. Anemia and serum protein deficiencies in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Inj. 1997;20(3):335-340.
41. Frost R, Rivers H, Troman A, et al. The role of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in spinal cord injured patients. Int Med Soc Paraplegia. 1995;33:416-418.
42. Kuhlemeier K, Stover S, Lloyd L. Prophylactic antibacterial therapy for preventing urinary tract infections in spinal cord injury patients. J Urol. 1985;134:510-513.
43. Green B, Foote J, Gray M. Urologie management during acute care and rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured patient. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am. 1993;4(2):249-272.
44. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Clinical Practice Guidelines; Pressure Ulcers in Adults: Predictions and Prevention. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Pub. 92-0050. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1992.
45. Siddall P, Taylor D, Cousins M. Pain associated with spinal cord injury. Trauma Rehabil: Curr Opin Neurol. 1995;8:447-450.
46. Siddall P, Taylor D, Cousins M. Classification of pain following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1997;35:69-75.
47. Spies CD, Dubisz N, Neumann T, et al. Therapy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in intensive care unit patients following trauma: Results of a prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med. 1996;24(3):414-421.
48. Gentilello LM, Donovan DM, Dunn CW, et al. Alcohol interventions in trauma centers: Current practice and future directions. JAMA. 1995;274(13):1043-1048.
49. Spies CD, Neuner B, Neumann T, et al. Current complications in chronic alcoholic men admitted to the intensive care unit following trauma. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:286-293.
50. Milzman DP, Soderstrom CA. Substance use disorders in trauma patients: Diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Crit Care Clin. 1994;10(3):595-609.
51. Bartels B. Early psychosocial interventions in severe trauma. In: Krueger DW, Collins LB, eds. Rehabilitation Psychology. Rockville, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc.; 1984.
52. Woodbury B, Redd C. Psychosocial issues and approaches. In: Buchanan LE, Nawoczenski DA, eds. Spinal Cord Injury: Concepts and Management Approaches. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1987.
53. Richmond T. Spinal cord injury: A family-centered approach to assessment and management. Trauma Q. 1988;4(3):58-72.
54. Richmond T, Craig M. Family-centered care for the neurotrauma patient. Nurs Clin North Am. 1986;21:641-651.