Classification of pain following spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 69-75

  Siddall, P J ^a   Taylor, D A ^a   Cousins, M J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Classification; Pain; Spinal cord injuries

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; NEUROPATHY; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD INJURY; VISCERA;

EID: 0031045189     PISSN: 13624393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100365     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Riddoch G. The clinical features of central pain. Lancet 1938; 234: 1150-1156.
2. Davis L, Martin J. Studies upon spinal cord injuries. J Neurosurg 1947; 4: 483-491.
3. Pollock LJ et al. Pain below the level of injury of the spinal cord. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1951; 65: 319-322.
4. Kaplan LI, Grynbaum BB, Lloyd KE, Rusk HA. Pain and spasticity in patients with spinal cord dysfunction. JAMA 1962; 182: 918-925.
5. Burke DC, Woodward JM. Pain and phantom sensation in spinal paralysis. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds). Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier: New York 1976, pp 489-499.
6. Michaelis LS. The problem of pain in paraplegia and tetraplegia. Bull NY Acad Med 1970; 46: 88-96.
7. Burke DC. Pain in paraplegia. Paraplegia 1973; 10: 297-313.
8. Davis R. Pain and suffering following spinal cord injury. Clin Orthop 1975; 112: 76-80.
9. Melzack R, Loeser JD. Phantom body pain in paraplegics: evidence for a central 'pattern generating mechanism' for pain. Pain 1978; 4: 195-210.
10. Bedbrook GM. Pain and phantom sensation. In: Bedbrook GM (ed). The Care and Management of Spinal Cord Injuries. Springer-Verlag: New York 1981, pp 224-229.
11. Donovan WH, Dimitrijevic MR, Dahm L, Dimitrijevic M. Neurophysiological approaches to chronic pain following spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1982; 20: 135-146.
12. Tunks E. Pain in spinal cord injured patients. In: Bloch RF, Basbaum M (eds). Management of Spinal Cord Injuries. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore 1986, pp 180-211.
13. Davidoff G et al. Function-limiting dysesthetic pain syndrome among traumatic spinal cord injury patients: a cross-sectional study. Pain 1987; 29: 39-48.
14. Beric A, Dimitrijevic MR, Lindblom U. Central dysesthesia syndrome in spinal cord injury patients. Pain 1988; 34: 109-116.
15. Britell CW, Mariano AJ. Chronic pain in spinal cord injury. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: State of the Art Reviews 1991; 5: 71-82.
16. Nashold BS. Paraplegia and pain. In: Nashold BS, Ovelmen-Levitt J (eds). Deafferentation Pain Syndromes: Pathophysiology and Treatment. Raven Press: New York 1991, pp 301-319.
17. Roth EJ. Pain in spinal cord injury. In: Yarkony GM (ed). Spinal Cord Injury: Medical and Rehabilitation Management. Aspen Publishers: Gaithersburg, Maryland 1994, pp 141-158.
18. Bonica JJ. Introduction: semantic, epidemiologic, and educational issues. In: Casey KL (ed) Pain and Central Nervous System Disease: The Central Pain Syndromes. Raven Press: New York 1991, pp 13-29.
19. Rose M, Robinson JE, Ells P, Cole JD. Pain following spinal cord injury: results from a postal survey. Pain 1988; 34: 101-102.
20. Nepomuceno C et al. Pain in patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60: 605-609.
21. Merskey H, Bogduk N (ed). Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994.
22. Bedbrook GM. Pain in paraplegia and tetraplegia. In: Bedbrook GM (ed). Lifetime Care of the Paraplegic Patient. Churchill-Livingstone: Edinburgh 1985, pp 245-256.
23. Mariano AJ. Chronic pain and spinal cord injury. Clin J Pain 1992; 8: 87-92.
24. Siddall PJ, Taylor DA, Cousins MJ. Pain associated with spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 1995; 8: 447-450.
25. Backonja M, Gombar KA. Response of central pain syndromes to intravenous lidocaine. J Pain Symptom Manage 1992; 7: 172-178.
26. Glynn CJ et al. Role of spinal noradrenergic system in transmission of pain in patients with spinal cord injury. Lancet 1986; ii: 1249-1250.
27. Herman RM, D'Luzansky SC, Ippolito R. Intrathecal baclofen suppresses central pain in patients with spinal lesions: a pilot study. Clin J Pain 1992; 8: 338-345.
28. Sandford PR, Lindblom LB, Haddox JD. Amitriptyline and carbamazepine in the treatment of dysesthetic pain in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73: 300-301.
29. Loeser JD, Ward AA, White LE. Chronic deafferentation of human spinal cord neurons. J Neurosurg 1968; 29: 48-50.
30. Levitt M, Levitt JH. The deafferentation syndrome in monkeys: dysaesthesias of spinal origin. Pain 1981; 10: 129-147.
31. Levitt M. The bilaterally symmetrical deafferentation syndrome in macaques after bilateral spinal lesions: evidence for dysesthesias resulting from brain foci and considerations of spinal pain pathways. Pain 1983; 16: 167-184.
32. Lenz FA et al. Abnormal single-unit activity recorded in the somatosensory thalamus of a quadriplegic patient with central pain. Pain 1987; 31: 225-236.
33. Hao JX et al. Allodynia-like effects in rat after ischaemic spinal cord injury photochemically induced by laser irradiation. Pain 1991; 45: 175-185.
34. Xu XJ et al. Chronic pain-related behaviours in spinally injured rats-evidence for functional alterations of the endogenous cholecystokinin and opioid systems. Pain 1994; 56: 271-277.
35. Siddall PJ, Xu CL, Cousins MJ. Allodynia following traumatic spinal cord injury in the rat. Neuroreport 1995; 6: 1241-1244.
36. Melzack R, The John J. Bonica Distinguished Lecture: The gate control theory 25 years later: new perspectives in phantom limb pain. In: Bond M, Charlton E, Woolf CJ (eds). Pain Research and Clinical Management, Vol. 4, Proceedings of the VIth World Congress on Pain. Elsevier: Amsterdam 1991, pp 9-21.
37. Melzack R. Phantom limbs. Sci. Am 1992; 266: 120-126.
38. Craig AD. Supraspinal pathways and mechanisms relevant to central pain. In: Casey KL (ed). Pain and Central Nervous System Disease: The Central Pain Syndromes. Raven Press: New York 1991, pp 157-170.
39. Lenz FA. The thalamus and central pain syndromes: human and animal studies. In: Casey KL (ed). Pain and Central Nervous System Disease: The Central Pain Syndromes. Raven Press: New York 1991, pp 171-182.
40. Zimmerman M. Central nervous mechanisms modulating pain-related information: do they become deficient after lesions of the peripheral or central nervous system? In: Casey KL (ed). Pain and Central Nervous System Disease: The Central Pain Syndromes. Raven Press: New York 1991, pp 183-199.
41. Maury M. About pain and its treatment in paraplegics. Parapalegia 1978; 15: 349-352.
42. Siddall PJ, Cousins MJ. Post spinal cord injury pain: mechanisms and treatment options. In: Stanley TH, Ashburn MA (eds). Anesthesiology and Pain Management. Kluwer Academic: Amsterdam 1994, pp 237-251.
43. Turk DC, Rudy TE. Classification logic and strategies in chronic pain. In: Turk DC, Melzack R (eds). Handbook of Pain Assessment. Guilford: New York 1992, pp 409-428.
44. Craig KD. Emotional aspects of pain. In: Wall PD, Melzack R (eds). Textbook of Pain 3rd edn. Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh 1994, pp 261-274.