메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 94, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 845-857

Electrophysiological properties of the somatotopic organization of the vestibulospinal system in the frog

Author keywords

Antidromic activation; Frog; Somatotopic organization; Vestibular nerve; Vestibular nuclei; Vestibulospinal neurons

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; FROG; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE TRACT; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD; VESTIBULAR SYSTEM;

EID: 0032851443     PISSN: 03064522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00329-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (69)
  • 2
    • 0020674189 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal organization of the vestibulospinal system in the cat
    • Akaike T. Neuronal organization of the vestibulospinal system in the cat. J. Physiol., Lond. 259:1983;217-227.
    • (1983) J. Physiol., Lond. , vol.259 , pp. 217-227
    • Akaike, T.1
  • 3
    • 0021165581 scopus 로고
    • Mode of synaptic transmission between vestibular afferents and neurons of the vestibular nucleus in the frog
    • Babalian A.L., Shapovalov A.I. Mode of synaptic transmission between vestibular afferents and neurons of the vestibular nucleus in the frog. Brain Res. 309:1984;163-167.
    • (1984) Brain Res. , vol.309 , pp. 163-167
    • Babalian, A.L.1    Shapovalov, A.I.2
  • 4
    • 0015051224 scopus 로고
    • Vestibular influences on postural activity in frog
    • Barale F., Corvaja N., Pompeiano O. Vestibular influences on postural activity in frog. Archs ital. Biol. 109:1971;27-36.
    • (1971) Archs Ital. Biol. , vol.109 , pp. 27-36
    • Barale, F.1    Corvaja, N.2    Pompeiano, O.3
  • 6
    • 0013537639 scopus 로고
    • Potential fields initiated during monosynaptic activation of frog motoneurons
    • Brookhart J.M., Fadiga E. Potential fields initiated during monosynaptic activation of frog motoneurons. J. Physiol., Lond. 150:1960;633-655.
    • (1960) J. Physiol., Lond. , vol.150 , pp. 633-655
    • Brookhart, J.M.1    Fadiga, E.2
  • 7
    • 0023234746 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological aspects of excitatory synaptic transmission to second-order vestibular neurons in the frog
    • Cochran S.L., Kasik P., Precht W. Pharmacological aspects of excitatory synaptic transmission to second-order vestibular neurons in the frog. Synapse. 1:1987;102-123.
    • (1987) Synapse , vol.1 , pp. 102-123
    • Cochran, S.L.1    Kasik, P.2    Precht, W.3
  • 8
    • 0001018478 scopus 로고
    • The vestibulo-ocular reflex arc
    • (ed. Kornhuber H. H.), Vol. 6, Part 1, Springer, Berlin
    • Cohen B. (1974) The vestibulo-ocular reflex arc. In Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Vestibular System (ed. Kornhuber H. H.), Vol. 6, Part 1, pp. 477-540. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1974) In Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Vestibular System , pp. 477-540
    • Cohen, B.1
  • 9
    • 0015449018 scopus 로고
    • Vestibulospinal projection in the toad
    • In Basic Aspects of Central Vestibular Mechanisms (eds Brodal A. and Pompeiano O.), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Corvaja N. and Grofova I. (1972) Vestibulospinal projection in the toad. In Basic Aspects of Central Vestibular Mechanisms (eds Brodal A. and Pompeiano O.), Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 37, pp. 297-307. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1972) Progress in Brain Research , vol.37 , pp. 297-307
    • Corvaja, N.1    Grofova, I.2
  • 10
    • 0018134944 scopus 로고
    • Vestibulospinal projections in the toad. An experimental electron microscopic study
    • Corvaja N., Grofova I. Vestibulospinal projections in the toad. An experimental electron microscopic study. Neuroscience. 3:1978;619-628.
    • (1978) Neuroscience , vol.3 , pp. 619-628
    • Corvaja, N.1    Grofova, I.2
  • 11
    • 0015852864 scopus 로고
    • The origin, course and termination of vestibulospinal fibers in the toad
    • Corvaja N., Grofova I., Pompeiano O. The origin, course and termination of vestibulospinal fibers in the toad. Brain Behav. Evol. 7:1973;401-423.
    • (1973) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.7 , pp. 401-423
    • Corvaja, N.1    Grofova, I.2    Pompeiano, O.3
  • 12
    • 0016250683 scopus 로고
    • A supraspinal monosynaptic input to hindlimb motoneurons in lumbar spinal cord of the frog Rana catesbeiana
    • Cruce W.L.R. A supraspinal monosynaptic input to hindlimb motoneurons in lumbar spinal cord of the frog Rana catesbeiana. J. Neurophysiol. 37:1974;691-704.
    • (1974) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.37 , pp. 691-704
    • Cruce, W.L.R.1
  • 13
    • 0015951266 scopus 로고
    • The anatomical organization of hindlimb motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the frog Rana catesbeiana
    • Cruce W.L.R. The anatomical organization of hindlimb motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the frog Rana catesbeiana. J. comp. Neurol. 153:1974;59-76.
    • (1974) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.153 , pp. 59-76
    • Cruce, W.L.R.1
  • 14
    • 0019842412 scopus 로고
    • Spinal projections from the rhombencephalon in the toad
    • D'Ascanio P., Corvaja N. Spinal projections from the rhombencephalon in the toad. Archs ital. Biol. 119:1981;139-150.
    • (1981) Archs Ital. Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 139-150
    • D'Ascanio, P.1    Corvaja, N.2
  • 15
    • 0016147817 scopus 로고
    • Responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the grass frog (Rana temporaria) to somatic and visual stimuli
    • Dieringer N. Responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the grass frog (Rana temporaria) to somatic and visual stimuli. J. comp. Physiol. 90:1974;409-436.
    • (1974) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.90 , pp. 409-436
    • Dieringer, N.1
  • 16
    • 0025608153 scopus 로고
    • Multiplicity of vestibulospinal projections to the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat: A study with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin
    • Donevan A.H., Neuber-Hess M., Rose P.K. Multiplicity of vestibulospinal projections to the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat: a study with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. J. comp. Neurol. 302:1990;1-14.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.302 , pp. 1-14
    • Donevan, A.H.1    Neuber-Hess, M.2    Rose, P.K.3
  • 17
    • 0018835058 scopus 로고
    • Spatial organization of cerebellar corticovestibular projection in the cat
    • Fanardjian V.V., Sarkissian V.A. Spatial organization of cerebellar corticovestibular projection in the cat. Neuroscience. 5:1980;551-558.
    • (1980) Neuroscience , vol.5 , pp. 551-558
    • Fanardjian, V.V.1    Sarkissian, V.A.2
  • 18
    • 0020005079 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic organization of sensory and motor neurons innervating triceps brachii muscles in the bullfrog
    • Frank E., Westerfield M. Synaptic organization of sensory and motor neurons innervating triceps brachii muscles in the bullfrog. J. Physiol., Lond. 324:1982;479-494.
    • (1982) J. Physiol., Lond. , vol.324 , pp. 479-494
    • Frank, E.1    Westerfield, M.2
  • 19
    • 0016147301 scopus 로고
    • Projections of the vestibular nuclear complex in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)
    • Fuller P.M. Projections of the vestibular nuclear complex in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Brain Behav. Evol. 10:1974;157-169.
    • (1974) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 157-169
    • Fuller, P.M.1
  • 20
    • 0027994274 scopus 로고
    • The organization of vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal projections in the chicken embryo
    • Glover J.C. The organization of vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal projections in the chicken embryo. Eur. J. Morph. 32:1994;193-200.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Morph. , vol.32 , pp. 193-200
    • Glover, J.C.1
  • 21
    • 0029761471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of second-order vestibular projections in the chicken embryo
    • In New Directions in Vestibular Research (eds Highstein S. H., Cohen B. and Buttner-Ennever J. A.)
    • Glover J. C. (1996) Development of second-order vestibular projections in the chicken embryo. In New Directions in Vestibular Research (eds Highstein S. H., Cohen B. and Buttner-Ennever J. A.), Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Vol. 781, pp. 13-20.
    • (1996) Annals of the New York Academy of Science , vol.781 , pp. 13-20
    • Glover, J.C.1
  • 22
    • 0016911524 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic studies of the cerebellar histogenesis in the bullfrog tadpole during metamorphosis: The external granular layer
    • Gona A. Autoradiographic studies of the cerebellar histogenesis in the bullfrog tadpole during metamorphosis: the external granular layer. J. comp. Neurol. 165:1976;77-88.
    • (1976) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.165 , pp. 77-88
    • Gona, A.1
  • 23
    • 0015269561 scopus 로고
    • Central projections of the eighth nerve in frogs
    • Gregory K.M. Central projections of the eighth nerve in frogs. Brain Behav. Evol. 5:1972;70-88.
    • (1972) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 70-88
    • Gregory, K.M.1
  • 24
    • 0023704935 scopus 로고
    • Sensory-to-motor transformations in the vestibular system
    • Highstein S.M. Sensory-to-motor transformations in the vestibular system. Brain Behav. Evol. 31:1988;25-33.
    • (1988) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.31 , pp. 25-33
    • Highstein, S.M.1
  • 25
    • 0015450162 scopus 로고
    • Vestibulocerebellar input in the frog: Anatomy
    • In Basic Aspects of Central Vestibular Mechanisms (eds Brodal A. and Pompeiano O.), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Hillman D. E. (1972) Vestibulocerebellar input in the frog: anatomy. In Basic Aspects of Central Vestibular Mechanisms (eds Brodal A. and Pompeiano O.), Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 37, pp. 329-339. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (1972) Progress in Brain Research , vol.37 , pp. 329-339
    • Hillman, D.E.1
  • 26
    • 0023549690 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of motoneurons supplying hind limb muscles in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis
    • Hulshof J.B.E., De Boer-Van Huizen R., Ten Donkelaar H. The distribution of motoneurons supplying hind limb muscles in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis. Acta morph. neerl.-scand. 25:1987;1-16.
    • (1987) Acta Morph. Neerl.-scand. , vol.25 , pp. 1-16
    • Hulshof, J.B.E.1    De Boer-Van Huizen, R.2    Ten Donkelaar, H.3
  • 27
    • 0025098073 scopus 로고
    • Functional reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in adult owl monkeys after behaviorally controlled tactile stimulation
    • Jenkins W.M., Merzenich M.M., Ochs M.T., Allard T., Guic-Robles E. Functional reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in adult owl monkeys after behaviorally controlled tactile stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 63:1990;82-104.
    • (1990) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.63 , pp. 82-104
    • Jenkins, W.M.1    Merzenich, M.M.2    Ochs, M.T.3    Allard, T.4    Guic-Robles, E.5
  • 28
    • 0030866005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographic maps are fundamental to sensory processing
    • Kaas J.H. Topographic maps are fundamental to sensory processing. Brain Res. Bull. 44:1997;102-112.
    • (1997) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.44 , pp. 102-112
    • Kaas, J.H.1
  • 29
    • 0003404032 scopus 로고
    • The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates
    • Hafner, New York
    • Kappers A. C. U., Huber G. C. and Grosby E. C. (1960) The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System of Vertebrates, Including Man, Vol. 1. Hafner, New York.
    • (1960) Including Man , vol.1
    • Kappers, A.C.U.1    Huber, G.C.2    Grosby, E.C.3
  • 31
    • 0028426906 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and physiological consequences of unilateral pre- versus postganglionic vestibular lesions in the frog
    • Kunkel A.W., Dieringer N. Morphological and physiological consequences of unilateral pre- versus postganglionic vestibular lesions in the frog. J. comp. Physiol. 174A:1994;621-632.
    • (1994) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.174 , pp. 621-632
    • Kunkel, A.W.1    Dieringer, N.2
  • 32
    • 0021815318 scopus 로고
    • The central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog: 1. The vestibular nuclei
    • Kuruvilla A., Sitko S., Schwartz I.R., Honrubia V. The central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog: 1. The vestibular nuclei. Laryngoscope. 95:1985;692-707.
    • (1985) Laryngoscope , vol.95 , pp. 692-707
    • Kuruvilla, A.1    Sitko, S.2    Schwartz, I.R.3    Honrubia, V.4
  • 33
    • 84981839976 scopus 로고
    • The development of the cerebellum in frog (Hyla regilla) in relation to the vestibular and lateral-line system
    • Larsell O. The development of the cerebellum in frog (Hyla regilla) in relation to the vestibular and lateral-line system. J. comp. Neurol. 39:1925;249-289.
    • (1925) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.39 , pp. 249-289
    • Larsell, O.1
  • 35
    • 0017577826 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of vestibular and visual inputs to neck and forelimb motoneurons in the frog
    • Maeda M., Magherini P.C., Precht W. Functional organization of vestibular and visual inputs to neck and forelimb motoneurons in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 40:1977;225-244.
    • (1977) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.40 , pp. 225-244
    • Maeda, M.1    Magherini, P.C.2    Precht, W.3
  • 36
    • 0016366969 scopus 로고
    • Vestibulospinal effects on hindlimb motoneurons of the frog
    • Magherini P.C., Precht W., Richter A. Vestibulospinal effects on hindlimb motoneurons of the frog. Pflügers Arch. 348:1974;211-223.
    • (1974) Pflügers Arch. , vol.348 , pp. 211-223
    • Magherini, P.C.1    Precht, W.2    Richter, A.3
  • 37
    • 0018602777 scopus 로고
    • Central projection of the VIIIth cranial nerve in the frog
    • Matesz C. Central projection of the VIIIth cranial nerve in the frog. Neuroscience. 4:1979;2061-2071.
    • (1979) Neuroscience , vol.4 , pp. 2061-2071
    • Matesz, C.1
  • 38
    • 0024147428 scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of the primary afferent vestibulocochlear terminals in the frog
    • Matesz C. Fine structure of the primary afferent vestibulocochlear terminals in the frog. Acta biol. hung. 39:1988;267-277.
    • (1988) Acta Biol. Hung. , vol.39 , pp. 267-277
    • Matesz, C.1
  • 39
    • 0020963211 scopus 로고
    • Progression of change following medial nerve section in the cortical representation of the hand in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkeys
    • Merzenich M.M., Kaas J.H., Wall J.T., Sur M., Nelson R.J., Felleman D.J. Progression of change following medial nerve section in the cortical representation of the hand in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkeys. Neuroscience. 10:1983;639-665.
    • (1983) Neuroscience , vol.10 , pp. 639-665
    • Merzenich, M.M.1    Kaas, J.H.2    Wall, J.T.3    Sur, M.4    Nelson, R.J.5    Felleman, D.J.6
  • 40
    • 0023838040 scopus 로고
    • Projections of the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei in Rana pipiens
    • Montgomery N.M. Projections of the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei in Rana pipiens. Brain Behav. Evol. 31:1988;82-95.
    • (1988) Brain Behav. Evol. , vol.31 , pp. 82-95
    • Montgomery, N.M.1
  • 41
    • 0005333928 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous and evoked discharges of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the frog
    • (ed. Llinas R.), American Medical Association, Chicago
    • Nacimiento A. C. (1969) Spontaneous and evoked discharges of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the frog. In Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development (ed. Llinas R.), pp. 373-395. American Medical Association, Chicago.
    • (1969) In Neurobiology of Cerebellar Evolution and Development , pp. 373-395
    • Nacimiento, A.C.1
  • 42
    • 0024412987 scopus 로고
    • Location of forelimb motoneurons in the Japanese toad (Bufo japanicus): A horseradish peroxidase study
    • Oka Y., Ohtani R., Satou M., Ueda K. Location of forelimb motoneurons in the Japanese toad (Bufo japanicus): a horseradish peroxidase study. J. comp. Neurol. 286:1989;376-383.
    • (1989) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.286 , pp. 376-383
    • Oka, Y.1    Ohtani, R.2    Satou, M.3    Ueda, K.4
  • 43
    • 0017237214 scopus 로고
    • Topological analysis of the brain stem of the frogs Rana esculenta and Rana catesbeiana
    • Opdam P., Kemali M., Nieuwenhuys R. Topological analysis of the brain stem of the frogs Rana esculenta and Rana catesbeiana. J. comp. Neurol. 165:1976;307-332.
    • (1976) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.165 , pp. 307-332
    • Opdam, P.1    Kemali, M.2    Nieuwenhuys, R.3
  • 44
    • 0017344944 scopus 로고
    • A new long spinal projection from the vestibular nuclei in the cat
    • Peterson B.W., Coulter J.D. A new long spinal projection from the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Brain Res. 122:1977;351-356.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.122 , pp. 351-356
    • Peterson, B.W.1    Coulter, J.D.2
  • 45
    • 17344382706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microelectrode study of vestibular neurons in isolated perfused frog brain, Rana ridibunda (in Russian)
    • Pogossian V.I., Fanardjian V.V., Manvelyan L.R. Microelectrode study of vestibular neurons in isolated perfused frog brain, Rana ridibunda (in Russian). J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 33:1997;575-577.
    • (1997) J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.33 , pp. 575-577
    • Pogossian, V.I.1    Fanardjian, V.V.2    Manvelyan, L.R.3
  • 46
    • 0001450176 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the vestibulospinal fibers in the cat. An experimental-anatomical study, with comments in the descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
    • Pompeiano O., Brodal A. The origin of the vestibulospinal fibers in the cat. An experimental-anatomical study, with comments in the descending medial longitudinal fasciculus. Archs ital. Biol. 95:1957;166-195.
    • (1957) Archs Ital. Biol. , vol.95 , pp. 166-195
    • Pompeiano, O.1    Brodal, A.2
  • 47
    • 0010706779 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of the peripheral and central vestibular systems
    • (eds Llinas R. and Precht W.), Springer, Berlin
    • Precht W. (1976) Physiology of the peripheral and central vestibular systems. In Frog Neurobiology. A Handbook (eds Llinas R. and Precht W.), pp. 481-512. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1976) In Frog Neurobiology. A Handbook , pp. 481-512
    • Precht, W.1
  • 48
    • 0015968686 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular study of frog's vestibular neurons in relation to the labyrinth and spinal cord
    • Precht W., Richter A., Ozawa S., Shimazu H. Intracellular study of frog's vestibular neurons in relation to the labyrinth and spinal cord. Expl Brain Res. 19:1974;377-393.
    • (1974) Expl Brain Res. , vol.19 , pp. 377-393
    • Precht, W.1    Richter, A.2    Ozawa, S.3    Shimazu, H.4
  • 49
    • 0017641290 scopus 로고
    • Properties of vestibular neurons projecting to neck segments of the cat spinal cord
    • Rapoport S., Susswein A., Uchino Y., Wilson V.J. Properties of vestibular neurons projecting to neck segments of the cat spinal cord. J. Physiol., Lond. 268:1977;493-510.
    • (1977) J. Physiol., Lond. , vol.268 , pp. 493-510
    • Rapoport, S.1    Susswein, A.2    Uchino, Y.3    Wilson, V.J.4
  • 50
    • 0031024362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of GABA, glycine, and glutamate immunoreactivities in the vestibular nuclear complex of the frog
    • Reichenberger I., Straka H., Ottersen O.P., Streit P., Gerrits N.M., Dieringer N. Distribution of GABA, glycine, and glutamate immunoreactivities in the vestibular nuclear complex of the frog. J. comp. Neurol. 377:1997;149-164.
    • (1997) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.377 , pp. 149-164
    • Reichenberger, I.1    Straka, H.2    Ottersen, O.P.3    Streit, P.4    Gerrits, N.M.5    Dieringer, N.6
  • 52
    • 0030032587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of single vestibulospinal collaterals in the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat: III. Collateral originating from axons in the ventral funiculus ipsilateral to their cells of origin
    • Rose P.K., Tourond J.A., Donevan A.H. Morphology of single vestibulospinal collaterals in the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat: III. Collateral originating from axons in the ventral funiculus ipsilateral to their cells of origin. J. comp. Neurol. 364:1996;16-31.
    • (1996) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.364 , pp. 16-31
    • Rose, P.K.1    Tourond, J.A.2    Donevan, A.H.3
  • 53
    • 0026771386 scopus 로고
    • Connections from the lateral vestibular nucleus to the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat: A study with the anterograde tracer PHA-L
    • Rose P.K., Wainwright K., Neuber-Hess M. Connections from the lateral vestibular nucleus to the upper cervical spinal cord of the cat: a study with the anterograde tracer PHA-L. J. comp. Neurol. 321:1992;312-324.
    • (1992) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.321 , pp. 312-324
    • Rose, P.K.1    Wainwright, K.2    Neuber-Hess, M.3
  • 54
    • 0015244686 scopus 로고
    • Responses of Purkinje cells in the frog cerebellum to electrical and natural stimulation
    • Rushmer D.S., Woodward D.J. Responses of Purkinje cells in the frog cerebellum to electrical and natural stimulation. Brain Res. 33:1971;315-335.
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.33 , pp. 315-335
    • Rushmer, D.S.1    Woodward, D.J.2
  • 55
    • 0016410875 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal organization and synaptic mechanisms of supraspinal motor control in vertebrates
    • Shapovalov A.I. Neuronal organization and synaptic mechanisms of supraspinal motor control in vertebrates. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmac. 72:1975;1-54.
    • (1975) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmac. , vol.72 , pp. 1-54
    • Shapovalov, A.I.1
  • 57
    • 0030823385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canal-specific excitation and inhibition of frog second-order vestibular neurons
    • Straka H., Biesdorf S., Dieringer N. Canal-specific excitation and inhibition of frog second-order vestibular neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78:1997;1363-1372.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.78 , pp. 1363-1372
    • Straka, H.1    Biesdorf, S.2    Dieringer, N.3
  • 58
    • 0030067754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-related properties of vestibular afferent fibers in the frog: Differential synaptic activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
    • Straka H., Debler K., Dieringer N. Size-related properties of vestibular afferent fibers in the frog: differential synaptic activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Neuroscience. 70:1996;697-707.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.70 , pp. 697-707
    • Straka, H.1    Debler, K.2    Dieringer, N.3
  • 59
    • 0027417138 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of vestibular inputs to identified frog abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons in vitro
    • Straka H., Dieringer N. Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of vestibular inputs to identified frog abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 5:1993;251-260.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 251-260
    • Straka, H.1    Dieringer, N.2
  • 60
    • 0029861268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncrossed disynaptic inhibition of second-order vestibular neurons and its interaction with monosynaptic excitation from vestibular nerve afferent fibers in the frog
    • Straka H., Dieringer N. Uncrossed disynaptic inhibition of second-order vestibular neurons and its interaction with monosynaptic excitation from vestibular nerve afferent fibers in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 76:1996;3087-3101.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.76 , pp. 3087-3101
    • Straka, H.1    Dieringer, N.2
  • 61
    • 0030065447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-related properties of vestibular afferent fibers in the frog: Uptake of and immunoreactivity for glycine and aspartate/glutamate
    • Straka H., Reichenberger I., Dieringer N. Size-related properties of vestibular afferent fibers in the frog: uptake of and immunoreactivity for glycine and aspartate/glutamate. Neuroscience. 70:1996;685-696.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.70 , pp. 685-696
    • Straka, H.1    Reichenberger, I.2    Dieringer, N.3
  • 62
    • 0022366244 scopus 로고
    • Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog. II. Nerve branches from individual receptors
    • Suarez C., Kuruvilla A., Sitko S., Schwartz I.R., Honrubia V. Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog. II. Nerve branches from individual receptors. Laryngoscope. 95:1985;1238-1250.
    • (1985) Laryngoscope , vol.95 , pp. 1238-1250
    • Suarez, C.1    Kuruvilla, A.2    Sitko, S.3    Schwartz, I.R.4    Honrubia, V.5
  • 63
    • 0000192439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anurans
    • (eds Nieuwenhuys R., Ten Donkellar H. J. and Nicholson C.), Springer, Berlin
    • Ten Donkellar H. J. (1997) Anurans. In The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates (eds Nieuwenhuys R., Ten Donkellar H. J. and Nicholson C.), Vol. 2, pp. 1151-1314. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1997) In the Central Nervous System of Vertebrates , vol.2 , pp. 1151-1314
    • Ten Donkellar, H.J.1
  • 64
    • 0019844380 scopus 로고
    • Cells of origin of descending pathways to the spinal cord in the clawed toad (Xenopus laevis)
    • Ten Donkelaar H.J., De Boer-Van Huizen R., Schouten F.T.M., Eggen S.J.H. Cells of origin of descending pathways to the spinal cord in the clawed toad (Xenopus laevis). Neuroscience. 6:1981;2297-2312.
    • (1981) Neuroscience , vol.6 , pp. 2297-2312
    • Ten Donkelaar, H.J.1    De Boer-Van Huizen, R.2    Schouten, F.T.M.3    Eggen, S.J.H.4
  • 65
    • 0000326704 scopus 로고
    • Precise localization of Renshaw cells with a new marking technique
    • Thomas D.C., Wilson V.J. Precise localization of Renshaw cells with a new marking technique. Nature, Lond. 4980:1965;211-213.
    • (1965) Nature, Lond. , vol.4980 , pp. 211-213
    • Thomas, D.C.1    Wilson, V.J.2
  • 66
    • 0022346460 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the cells of origin of descending pathways to the spinal cord in Rana esculenta. A tracing study using cobaltic-lysine complex
    • Toth P., Csank G., Lazar G. Morphology of the cells of origin of descending pathways to the spinal cord in Rana esculenta. A tracing study using cobaltic-lysine complex. J. Hirnforsch. 26:1985;365-383.
    • (1985) J. Hirnforsch. , vol.26 , pp. 365-383
    • Toth, P.1    Csank, G.2    Lazar, G.3
  • 67
    • 0030756759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are topographic maps fundamental to sensory processing?
    • Weinberg R.J. Are topographic maps fundamental to sensory processing? Brain Res. Bull. 44:1997;113-116.
    • (1997) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.44 , pp. 113-116
    • Weinberg, R.J.1
  • 68
    • 0015964338 scopus 로고
    • Connections between semicircular canals and neck motoneurons in the cat
    • Wilson V.J., Maeda M. Connections between semicircular canals and neck motoneurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 34:1974;346-357.
    • (1974) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.34 , pp. 346-357
    • Wilson, V.J.1    Maeda, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.