Hydroxyl radical concentrations estimated from measurements of trichloroethylene during the EASE/ACSOE campaign at Mace Head, Ireland during July 1996

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 185-205

  Derwent, R G ^a   Carslaw, N ^b   Simmonds, P G ^c   Bassford, M ^d   O'Doherty, S ^c   Ryall, D B ^a   Pilling, M J ^b   Lewis, A C ^b   McQuaid, J B ^b  

^a MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^d NONE

Author keywords

Box model; Hydroxyl OH radical concentrations; Lagrangian dispersion model; Marine boundary layer; Trichloroethylene

Indexed keywords

HALOCARBON; HYDROXYL RADICAL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL RADICAL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; IRELAND; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; POLLUTION TRANSPORT;

IRELAND;

EID: 0032848285     PISSN: 01677764     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006131412391     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Atkinson, R., 1994: Gas phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 2, 1-216.
2. Bassford, M. R., Simmonds, P. G., and Nickless, G., 1998: An automated system for near-real time monitoring of trace atmospheric halocarbons, Anal. Chem. 70, 958-965.
3. Blake, D. R., Blake, N. J., Smith, T. W., Wingenter, O. W., and Rowland, F. S., 1996: Non-methane hydrocarbon and halocarbon distributions during Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange, June 1996, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 4501-4514.
4. Calvert, J. G., 1976: Hydrocarbon involvement in photochemical smog formation in Los Angeles atmosphere, Environ. Sci. and Technol. 10, 256-262.
5. 2 radical chemistry in the marine boundary layer: 1. Model construction and comparison with field measurements, Submitted to J. Geophys. Res..
6. Cox, R. A., Eggleton, A. E. J., Derwent, R. G., Lovelock, J. E., and Pack, D. H., 1975: Long-range transport of photochemical ozone in North-Western Europe, Nature 255, 118-121.
7. Cullen, M. J. P., 1993: The unified forecast/climate model, Meteorological Magazine (U.K.) 1449, 81-94.
8. 2 in 1992-1994, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 1259-1269.
9. Curtis, A. R. and Sweetenham, W. P., 1987: FACSIMILE/CHEKMAT users manual, AERE Harwell Report-R12805, HMSO, London.
10. Cvitas, T. and Kley, D., 1994: The TOR network, A description of TOR measurement stations, EUROTRAC special publication, ISS, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
11. Derwent, R. G., Simmonds, P. G., O'Doherty, S., and Ryall, D. B., 1998: The impact of the Montreal Protocol on halocarbon concentrations in northern hemisphere baseline and European air masses at Mace Head, Ireland over a ten year period from 1987-1996, Atmos. Environ. 32, 3689-3702.
12. Eden, P. 1996: Weather Log July 1996, Royal Meteorological Society, Reading, U.K.
13. Fraser, P., Cunnold, D., Alyea, F., Weiss, R., Prinn, R., Simmonds, P., Miller, B., and Langenfields, R., 1996: Lifetime and emission estimates of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) from daily global observations June 1982-June 1994, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 12585-12599.
14. Gilham, C. A., Couling, S., Leech, P. K., Eggleston, H. S., and Irwin, J. G., 1994: U.K. emissions of air pollutants 1970-1991, Warren Spring Laboratory Report LR 961, Stevenage, Hertfordshire.
15. Goodwin, J. W. L., Eggleston, H. S. and Stedman, J. R., 1997: The national atmospheric emission inventory 1995: Detailed spatial emission estimates and method, AEAT-1835/RAMP/20090001/ISSUE 1 Report, AEA Technology, Culham Laboratory, Oxfordshire.
16. Hartley, D., and Prinn, R., 1993: Feasibility of determining surface emissions of trace gases using an inverse method in a three-dimensional chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 5183-5198.
17. Hartley, D. E., Kindler, T., Cunnold, D. M., and Prinn, R. G., 1996: Evaluating chemical transport models: Comparison of effects of different CFC-11 emission scenarios, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 14381-14385.
18. Hough, A. M., 1988: The calculation of photolysis rates for use in global tropospheric modelling studies, AERE Harwell Report R-13259, HMSO, London.
19. Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., and Pilling, M. J., 1997a: The tropospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds: a protocol for mechanism development, Atmos. Environ. 31, 81-104.
20. Jenkin, M. E., Hayman, G. D., Derwent, R. G., Saunders, S. M., and Pilling, M. J., 1997b: Tropospheric Chemistry Modelling: Improvements to current models and application to policy issues, AEA Technology Report, AEA/RAMP/20150/R001, Culham Laboratory, Oxfordshire.
21. 5 alkanes, and acetylene at a remote boreal site in Canada, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 1589-1599.
22. Levy, H., 1971: Normal atmosphere: Large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted, Science 173, 141-143.
23. Lovelock, J. E., 1977: Methyl chloroform in the troposphere as an indicator of OH radical aboundance, Nature 267, 32.
24. McCulloch, A., Midgley, P. M., and Fisher, D. A., 1994: Distribution of emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115 among reporting and non-reporting countries in 1986, Atmos. Environ. 28, 2567-2582.
25. McKenna, D. S., Hord, C. J., and Kent, J. M., 1995: Hydroxyl radical concentrations and Kuwait oil fire emission rates for March 1991, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 26005-26025.
26. McKeen, S. A. and Liu, S. C., 1993: Hydrocarbon ratios and photochemical history of air masses, Geophys. Res. Letters 20, 2363-2366.
27. Miller, D. A. and Grimsrud, E. P., 1978: Correlation of electron capture response enhancements caused by oxygen with chemical structure for chlorinated hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem. 51, 851-859.
28. Miller, R., Huang, J., Weiss, R. F., Prinn, R. G., and Fraser, P. J., (1998): Atmospheric trend and lifetime of dichlorofluoromethane (HCFC-22) and the global tropospheric OH concentration, J. Geophys. Res., in press.
29. Olivier J. G. J., Bouwmann, A. F., van der Maas, C. W. M., Berdowski, J. J. M., Veldt, C., Bloos, J. P. J., Visschedijk, A. J. H., Zandveld, A. J. H., and Haverlag, J. L., 1996: Description of EDGAR Version 2.0. RIVM Report NR. 771060 002, TNO-MEP Report No. R96/119, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
30. Parrish, D. D., Hahn, C. J., Williams, E. J., Norton, R. B., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Singh, H. B., Shetter, J. D., Gandrud, B. W., and Ridley B. A., 1992: Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurments of atmospheric trace species at Point Arena, California, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 15883-15901.
31. Prather, M., McElroy, M., Wofsy, S., Russell, G. and Rind, D., 1987: Chemistry of the global troposhere: Fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 6579-6613.
32. Prinn, R. G., 1985: On the feasibility of quantitative analysis of atmospheric OH by titration, Geophys. Res. Letters 12, 597-600.
33. Prinn, R. G., Simmonds, P. G., Rasmussen, R. A., Rosen, R. D., Alyea, F. N., Cunnold, D. M., Fraser, P. J., and Lovelock, J. E., 1983: The atmospheric lifetime experiment: introduction, instrumentation and overview, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 8415-8426.
34. Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Miller, B. R., Huang, J., Alyea, F. N., Cunnold, D. M., Fraser, P. B., Hartley, D. E., and Simmonds, P. G., 1995: Atmospheric trends and lifetime of trichloroethane and global average hydroxyl radical concentrations based on 1978-1994 ALE/GAGE measurements, Science 269, 187-192.
35. Rudd, H. J. 1995: Emissions of volatile organic compounds from stationary sources in the United Kingdom: Speciation, AEA/CS/16419033/REMA-0.29/ISSUE 2 Report, AEA Technology, Culham Laboratory, Oxfordshire.
36. Ryall, D. R., Maryon, R. H., Derwent, R. G., and Simmonds, P. G. 1998: Modelling long range transport of CFCs to Mace Head, Ireland, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 124, 417-446.
37. Salway, A. G., 1997: U.K. greenhouse gas emission inventory, 1990 to 1995, AEAT - 2121 Issue 1 report, AEA Technology, Culham Laboratory, Oxfordshire.
38. Saunders, S. M., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., and Pilling, M. J., 1997: World wide web site of a master chemical mechanism (MCM) for use in tropospheric chemical models, Atmos. Environ. 31, 1249-1250.
39. Simmonds, P. G., Derwent, R. G., McCulloch, A., O'Doherty, S., and Gaudry, A., 1996: Long term trends in concentrations of halocarbons and radiatively active gases in Atlantic and European air masses monitored at Mace Head, Ireland from 1987-1994, Atmos. Environ. 30, 4041-4063.
40. Singh, H. B., 1977: Atmospheric halocarbons: evidence in favor of reduced hydroxyl radical concentrations in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Letters 4, 101-104.
41. 14CO and the troposheric concentration of OH radicals. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 5163-5171.
42. Weinstock, B., 1969: The residence time of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, Science 168, 224-225.
43. WHO, 1987: Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 23, World Health Organisation, Copenhagen, Denmark.