Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with Kawasaki disease express high levels of protein A

Infection and Immunity

Volumn 67, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 4737-4743

  Wann, Elisabeth R ^a   Fehringer, Amy P ^b   Ezepchuk, Yuri V ^b   Schlievert, Patrick M ^c   Bina, Paul ^d   Reiser, Raoul F ^d   Höök, Magnus M ^a   Leung, Donald Y M ^b,e  

^a TEXAS A AND M HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^b NATIONAL JEWISH MEDICAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d Toxin Technology   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; PROTEIN A; SUPERANTIGEN; TOXIN;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE INDUCTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0032795538     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.9.4737-4743.1999     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Abe, J., B. L. Kotzin, K. Jujo, M. E. Melish, M. P. Glode, T. Kohsaka, and D. Y. M. Leung. 1992. Selective expansion of T cells expressing T-cell receptor variable regions V beta 2 and V beta 8 in Kawasaki disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:4066-4070.
2. Abe, J., B. L. Kotzin, C. Meissner, M. E. Melish, M. Takahashi, D. Fulton, F. Romagne, B. Malissen, and D. Y. M. Leung. 1993. Characterization of T cell repertoire changes in acute Kawasaki disease. J. Exp. Med. 177:791-796.
3. American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease. 1989. Diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease. JAMA 44:1218-1219.
4. Björklind, A., and S. Arvidson. 1980. Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus affected in the regulation of exoprotein synthesis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 7: 203-206.
5. Chan, P. F., and S. J. Foster. 1998. Role of SarA in virulence determinant production and environmental signal transduction in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 180:6232-6241.
6. Cheung, A. L., K. Eberhardt, and J. H. Heinrichs. 1997. Regulation of protein A synthesis by the sar and agr loci of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Immun. 65:2243-2249.
7. Cheung, A. L., J. M. Koomey, C. A. Butler, S. J. Projan, and V. A. Fischetti. 1992. Regulation of exoprotein expression in Staphylococcus aureus by a locus (sar) distinct from agr. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6462-6466.
8. Cheung, A. L., and S. J. Projan. 1994. Cloning and sequencing of sarA of Staphylococcus aureus, a gene required for the expression of agr. J. Bacteriol. 176:4168-4172.
9. Cheung, A. L., C. Wolz, M. R. Yeaman, and A. S. Bayer. 1995. Insertional inactivation of a chromosomal locus that modulates expression of potential virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 177:3220-3226.
10. Chien, Y.-T., and A. L. Cheung. 1998. Molecular interactions between two global regulators, sar and agr, in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 2645-2652.
11. Curtis, N., R. Zheng, J. R. Lamb, and M. Levin. 1995. Evidence for a super-antigen mediated process in Kawasaki disease. Arch. Dis. Child. 72:308-311.
12. Davies, H. D., V. Kirk, T. Jadavji, and B. L. Kotzin. 1996. Simultaneous presentation of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome in an adolescent male. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 15:1136-1138.
13. Ezepchuk, Y. V., D. Y. M. Leung, M. H. Middleton, P. Bina, R. Reiser, and D. A. Norris. 1996. Staphylococcal toxins and protein A differentially induce cytotoxicity and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from keratinocytes. J. Investig. Dermatol. 107:603-609.
14. Furukawa, S., T. Matsubara, K. Jujoh, K. Yone, T. Sugawara, K. Sasai, H. Kato, and K. Yabuta. 1988. Peripheral blood monocyte/macrophage and serum tumor necrosis factor in Kawasaki disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 48: 247-251.
15. Gemmell, C. G., R. Tree, A. Patel, M. O'Reilly, and T. J. Foster. 1991. Susceptibility to opsonophagocytosis of protein A, α-haemolysin and β-toxin deficient mutants of S. aureus isolated by allele-replacement. Zentbl. Bakteriol. 21(Suppl.):273-277.
16. Giraudo, A. T., C. G. Raspanti, A. Calzolari, and R. Nagel. 1994. Characterization of a Tn551-mutant of Staphylococcus aureus defective in the production of several exoproteins. Can. J. Microbiol. 40:677-681.
17. Gustafson, G. T., G. Stalenheim, A. Forsgren, and J. Sjoquist. 1968. "Protein A" from Staphylococcus aureus. IV. Production of anaphylaxis-like cutaneous and systemic reactions in non-immunized guinea pigs. J. Immunol. 100: 530-534.
18. Hartleib, J., N. Koehler, R. Dickinson, S. Chhatwal, J. J. Sixma, T. Foster, G. Peters, B. Kehrel, and M. Herrmann. 1998. Binding mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus to von Willebrand factor: protein A revisited, abstr. B-80. In Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.
19. Heinrichs, J. H., M. G. Bayer, and A. L. Cheung. 1996. Characterization of the sar locus and its interaction with agr in Staphylococcus aureus. i. Bacteriol. 178:418-423.
20. Janzon, L., and S. Arvidson. 1990. The role of the δ-lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus. EMBO J. 9:1391-1399.
21. Janzon, L., S. Lofdahl, and S. Arvidson. 1989. Identification and nucleotide sequence of the delta-lysin gene, hld, adjacent to the accessory gene regulator (agr) of Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Gen. Genet. 219:480-485.
22. Kato, H., T. Sugimura, T. Akagi, N. Sato, K. Hashino, Y. Maeno, T. Kazue, G. Eto, and R. Yamakawa. 1996. Long-term consequences of Kawasaki disease. A 10-to 21-year follow-up study of 594 patients. Circulation 94:1379-1385.
23. Kawasaki, T. 1967. Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children: clinical observations of 50 cases. Jpn. J. Allergol. 16:178-222.
24. Kohsaka, T., J. Abe, T. Asahina, and N. Kobajashi. 1994. Classical pathway complement activation in Kawasaki syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 93:520-525.
25. Kotzin, B. L., D. Y. M. Leung, J. Kappler, and P. Marrack. 1993. Superantigens and human disease. Adv. Immunol. 54:99-166.
26. Kozlowski, L. M., S. R. Kunning, Y. Zheng, W. L. Wheatley, and A. I. Levinson. 1995. Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-induced human immunoglobulin responses: preferential IgM rheumatoid factor production and VH3 mRNA expression by protein A binding cells. J. Clin. Immunol. 15:145-151.
27. Kozlowski, L. M., W. Li, M. Goldschmidt, and A. I. Levinson. 1998. In vivo inflammatory response to a prototypic B cell superantigen: elicitation of an Arthus reaction by staphylococcal protein A. J. Immunol, 160:5246-5252.
28. Kozlowski, L. M., A. M. Soulika, G. J. Silverman, J. D. Lambris, and A. I. Levinson. 1996. Complement activation by a B cell superantigen. J. Immunol. 157:1200-1206.
29. Laxer, R. M., F. M. Schaffer, B. L. Myones, W. J. Yount, R. D. Rowe, L. Rubin, L. D. Stein, E. W. Gelfand, and E. D. Silverman. 1987. Lymphocyte abnormalities and complement activation in Kawasaki disease. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 250:175-184.
30. Leung, D. Y. M., E. T. Chu, N. Wood, S. Grady, R. Meade, and R. S. Geha. 1983. Immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. J. Immunol. 130:2002-2004.
31. Leung, D. V. M., R. Cotran, E. Kurt-Jones, J. Burns, J. Newburger, and J. S. Pober. 1989. Endothelial cell activation and high interleukin-1 secretion in the pathogenesis of acute Kawasaki disease. Lancet ii:1298-1302.
32. Leung, D. Y. M., R. S. Geha, J. W. Newburger, J. C. Burns, W. Fiers, L. A. Lapierre, and J. S. Pober. 1986. Two monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, render cultured vascular endothelial cells susceptible to lysis by antibodies circulating during Kawasaki syndrome. J. Exp. Med. 164:1958-1972.
33. Leung, D. Y. M., R. C. Giorno, L. V. Kazemi, P. A. Flynn, and J. B. Busse. 1995. Evidence for superantigen involvement in cardiovascular injury due to Kawasaki syndrome. J. Immunol. 155:5018-5021.
34. Leung, D. Y. M., H. C. Meissner, D. R. Fulton, D. L. Murray, B. L. Kotzin, and P. M. Schlievert. 1993. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus in Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet 342:1385-1388.
35. Leung, D. Y. M., P. M. Schlievert, and H. C. Meissner. 1998. The immunopathogenesis and management of Kawasaki syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 41:1538-1547.
36. Leung, D. Y. M., K. E. Sullivan, T. F. Brown-Whitehorn, A. P. Fehringer, S. Allen, T. H. Finkel, R. L. Washington, and P. M. Schlievert 1997. Association of toxic shock syndrome toxin- and exfoliative toxin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus with Kawasaki syndrome complicated by coronary artery disease. Pediatr. Res. 42:268-272.
37. McNamara, P. J., and J. J. Iandolo. 1998. Genetic instability of the global regulator agr explains the phenotype of the xpr mutation in Staphylococcus aureus KSI9051. J. Bacteriol. 180:2609-2615.
38. Morfeldt, E., L. Janzon, S. Arvidson, and S. Lofdahl. 1988. Cloning of a chromosomal locus (exp) which regulates the expression of several exoprotein genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Gen. Genet. 211:435-440.
39. Musser, J. M., P. M. Schlievert, A. W. Chow, P. Ewan, B. N. Kreiswirth, V. T. Rosdahl, A. S. Naidu, W. Witte, and R. K. Selander. 1990. A single clone of Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of cases of toxic shock syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:225-229.
40. Novick, R. P., S. J. Projan, J. Kornblum, H. F. Ross, G. Ji, B. Kreiswirth, F. Vandenesch, and S. Moghazeh. 1995. The agr P2 operon: an autocatalytic sensory transduction system in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248:446-458.
41. Novick, R. P., H. F. Ross, S. J. Projan, J. Kornblum, B. Kreiswirth, and S. Moghazeh. 1993. Synthesis of staphylococcal virulence factors is controlled by a regulatory RNA molecule. EMBO J. 12:3967-3975.
42. Patel, A. H., P. Nowlan, E. D. Weavers, and T. Foster. 1987. Virulence of protein A-deficient and alpha-toxin-deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus isolated by allele replacement. Infect. Immun. 55:3103-3110.
43. Peterson, P. K., J. Verhoef, L. D. Sabath, and P. G. Quie. 1977. Effect of protein A on staphylococcal opsonization. Infect. Immun. 15:760-764.
44. Recsei, P., B. Kreiswirth, M. O'Reilly, P. M. Schlievert, A. Grass, and R. P. Novick. 1986. Regulation of exoprotein gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus by agr. Mol. Gen. Genet. 202:58-61.
45. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
46. Shuttleworth, H. L., C. J. Duggleby, S. A. Jones, T. Atkinson, and N. P. Minton. 1987. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene for protein A of S. aureus Cowan I (NCTC8530) and its enhanced expression in E. coli. Gene 58:283-295.
47. Vandenesch, F., J. Kornblum, and R. P. Novick. 1991. A temporal signal, independent of agr, is required for hla but not spa transcription in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 173:6313-6320.
48. Vasquez, K. S., V. Pascual, and P. E. Lipsky. 1994. Staphylococcal protein A induces biased production of immunoglobulin by VH3 expressing human B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 150:2974-2982.
49. Wiesenthal, A. M., and J. K. Todd. 1984. Toxic shock syndrome in children aged 10 years or less. Pediatrics 74:112-117.
50. Yamashiro, Y., S. Nagata, S. Oguchi, and I. T. Shimizu. 1996. Selective increase of Vβ2-t-T cells in the small intestinal mucosa in Kawasaki disease. Pediatr. Res. 39:264-266.
51. Yanisch-Perron, C., J. Vieira, and J. Messing. 1985. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene 33:103-119.