Hypothyroxinemia in premature infants: Is thyroxine treatment necessary?

Thyroid

Volumn 9, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 715-720

  Fisher, Delbert A ^a,b  

^a QUEST DIAGNOSTICS NICHOLS INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b HARBOR UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

THYROXINE;

CONFERENCE PAPER; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INFANT; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT;

EID: 0032770581     PISSN: 10507256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/thy.1999.9.715     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (40)

1. Fisher DA, Dussault JH, Sack J, Chopra LJ 1977 Ontogenesis of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function and metabolism in man, sheep, and rat. Rec Prog Horm Res 33:59-116.
2. Fisher DA 1998 Endocrinology of fetal development. In: Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR, (eds) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 9th ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1273-1301.
3. Burrow GN, Fisher DA, Larsen PR 1994 Maternal and fetal thyroid function. N Engl J Med 331:1072-1078.
4. Fisher DA, Polk DH, Wu SY 1994 Fetal thyroid metabolism: A pluralistic system. Thyroid 4:367-371.
5. Köhrle J 1996 Thyroid hormone deiodinases - A selenoenzyme family acting as gate keepers to thyroid hormone action. Acta Med Austriaca 23:17-30.
6. Polk DH, Reviczky A, Wu SY, Huang WS, Fisher DA 1994 Metabolism of sulfoconjugated thyroid hormones in developing sheep. Am J Physiol 266:E892-E896.
7. Ruiz de Ona C, Morreale de Escobar G, Calvo RM, Escobar del Rey F, Obregon MJ 1991 Thyroid hormone 5′-deiodinase in the rat fetus late in gestation: Effects of maternal hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 128:422-432.
8. Polk DA, Reviczky A, Lam RA, Fisher DA 1991 Thyrotropin releasing hormone in the ovine fetus. Ontogeny and effect of thyroid hormone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 23:E53-E58.
9. Delange F, Bourdoux P, Ermans AM 1985 Transient disorders of thyroid function and regulation in preterm infants. In: Delange F, Fisher DA, Malvaux P, (eds) Pediatric Thyroidology. Basel, Karger, pp 369-393.
10. Thorpe Beeston JG, Nicolaides KH, McGregor AM 1992 Fetal thyroid function. Thyroid 2:207-217.
11. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL 1997 Molecular basis of thyroid hormone-dependent brain development. Endocr Rev 18:462-475.
12. DeZegher F, Vanhole C, Van den Berghe G, Eggermont E, Valdhuis JD 1994 Properties of thyroid stimulating hormone and cortisol secretion by the human newborn on the day of birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:576-581.
13. Sack J, Beaudry M, DeLamater PV, Oh W, Fisher DA 1976 Umbilical cord cutting triggers hypertriiodothyroninemia and nonshivering thermogenesis in the newborn lamb. Pediatr Res 10:169-175.
14. Gunn TR, Gluckman PD 1995 Perinatal thermogenesis. Early Human Dev 42:169-183.
15. Santini F, Chiovato L, Ghirri P, Lapi P, Mammoli C, Montanelli L, Scartabelli G, Ceccarini G, Chopra IJ, Pinchera A 1997 Serum iodothyronines in the human newborn: findings suggesting a major role for placenta in the regulation of thyroid hormone balance during intrauterine life [abstract]. Thyroid 7:S116.
16. Fisher DA 1998 Thyroid function in premature infants: The hypothyroxinemia of prematurity. Clin Perinatol, 25:999-1013.
17. Adams LM, Emery JR, Clark SJ, Carlton EI, Nelson JC 1995 Reference ranges for newer thyroid function tests in premature infants. J Pediatr 126:122-127.
18. Rooman RP, Du Caju MVL, Op De Beeck L, Docx M, Van Reempts P, Van Acker KJ 1996 Low thyroxinemia occurs in the majority of very preterm newborns. Eur J Pediatr 155:211-215.
19. Fuse Y, Shimizu M, Uga N, Fujii T, Irie M 1990 Maturation of feedback control of thyrotropin in premature infants. J Dev Physiol 14:17-22.
20. Ares S, Escobar-Morreale H, Quero J, Duran J, Presas MJ, Herruzo R, Morreale de Escobar G 1997 Neonatal hypothyroxinemia: Effects of iodine intake and of premature birth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1704-1712.
21. Hadeed AJ, Asay LD, Klein AH, Fisher DA 1981 Significance of transient postnatal hypothyroxinemia in premature infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics 68:494-498.
22. Hashimoto H, Sato T, Horita S, Kubo M, Ohki T 1991 Maturation of the pituitary thyroid axis during the perinatal period. Endocrinol Japon 38:151-157.
23. Frank JE, Faix JE, Hermos RJ, Mullaney DM, Rojan DA, Mitchell ML, Klein RZ 1996 Thyroid function in very low birth weight infants: Effects on neonatal hypothyroid screening. J Pediatr 128:548-554.
24. Van Wassenaer AG, Kok JH, Dekker FW, De Vijlder JJM 1997 Thyroid function in very preterm infants: influences of gestational age and disease. Pediatr Res 42:604-609.
25. Pavelka S, Kopecky P, Bendlova B, Stolba P, Vitkova I, Vobruba V, Plavka R, Houstek J, Kopecky J 1997 Tissue metabolism and plasma levels of thyroid hormones in critically ill very premature infants. Pediatr Res 42:812-818.
26. Van Wassenaer AG, Kok JH, Endert E, Vulsma T, de Vijlder JJM 1993 Thyroxine administration to infants of less than 30 weeks gestational age does not increase plasma triiodothyronine concentrations. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 129:139-146.
27. Chopra IJ 1997 Clinical review 86, Euthyroid sick syndrome: Is it a misnomer? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:329-334.
28. Klein RZ, Carlton EL, Faix JD, Frank JE, Hermos RJ, Mullaney D, Nelson JC, Rojas DA, Mitchell ML 1997 Thyroid function in very low birthweight infants. Clin Endocrinol 47:411-417.
29. Reuss ML, Levitan A, Paneth N, Susser M 1997 Thyroxine values from newborn screening of 919 infants born before 29 weeks gestation. Am J Public Health 87:1693-1697.
30. Chowdry P, Scanlon JW, Auerback R, Abbassi V 1984 Results of controlled, double blind study of thyroxine replacement in very low birth weight premature infants with hypothyroxinemia. Pediatrics 73:301-305.
31. Van Wassenaer AG, Kok JH, De Vijlder JJM, Briet JM, Smit BJ, Tamminga P, VanBaar AL, Dekker FW, Vulsma T 1997 Effects of thyroxine supplementation on neurologic development in infants born at less than 30 weeks gestation. N Engl J Med 336:21-26.
32. Van Wassenaer AG, Kok JH, Briet JM, van Baar AL, de Vijlder JJM 1997 Thyroid function in preterm newborns: Is T4 treatment required in infants <27 weeks gestational age? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 105(suppl 4):12-18.
33. Delange F, Dalhem A, Bourdoux P, Legasse R, Glinoer D, Fisher DA, Walfish PG, Ermans AM 1984 Increased risk of primary hypothyroidism in premature infants. J Pediatr 105:462-469.
34. Meijer WJ, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Brand R, Van den Brande JL 1992 Transient hypothyroxinemia associated with developmental delay in very preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 67:944-947.
35. den Ouden AL, Kok JH, Verkerk PH, Brand R, Verloove-Vanhorik SP 1996 The relation between neonatal thyroxine levels and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 5 and 9 years in a national cohort of very preterm and/or very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 39:142-145.
36. Reuss ML, Paneth N, Pinto-Martin JA, Lorenz JM, Susser M 1996 The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age. N Engl J Med 334:821-827.
37. Wilson-Costello D, Borawski E, Friedman H, Redline R, Fanaroff AA, Halk M 1998 Perinatal correlates of cerebral palsy and other neurologic impairment among very low birth weight children. Pediatrics 102:315-322.
38. Hanna CE, Krainz PL, Skeels MR, Miyakira BS, Sesser DE, LaFranchi SH 1986 Detection of congenital hypopituitary hypothyroidism. Ten year experience in the Northwest Regional Screening Program. J Pediatr 109:959-964.
39. Vulsma T, Delemarre HA, de Muinck-Keizer SMPF, Wiedijk BM, Gons MH, Verkerk PH, de Vijlder JJM 1991 Detection and classification of congenital thyrotropin deficiency in the Netherlands. In: Vulsma T (ed) Etiology and Pathogenesis of Congenital Hypothyroidism. Amsterdam, Rodopi Press, pp 213-317.
40. Fisher DA 1997 The hypothyroxinemia of prematurity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1701-1703.