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1
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0347629395
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Clayworth and Cogenhoe
-
Cambridge
-
Laslett used the term 'life cycle servants' to emphasize that servanthood was just a temporary phase in life and not a lifetime occupation; see Peter Laslett, 'Clayworth and Cogenhoe', in Family life and illicit love in earlier generations (Cambridge, 1977). See also Ann Kussmaul, Servants in husbandry in early modern England (Cambridge, 1981).
-
(1977)
Family Life and Illicit Love in Earlier Generations
-
-
Laslett, P.1
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2
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-
0003601488
-
-
Cambridge
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Laslett used the term 'life cycle servants' to emphasize that servanthood was just a temporary phase in life and not a lifetime occupation; see Peter Laslett, 'Clayworth and Cogenhoe', in Family life and illicit love in earlier generations (Cambridge, 1977). See also Ann Kussmaul, Servants in husbandry in early modern England (Cambridge, 1981).
-
(1981)
Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England
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-
Kussmaul, A.1
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4
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-
0004001724
-
-
Cambridge, Mass.
-
Eli F. Heckscher, An Economic History of Sweden (Cambridge, Mass., 1954); Ulf Jonsson, Jordmagnater, landböcker och torpare i sydöstra Södermanland 1800-1880 (Stockholm, 1980); Gustaf Utterström, Jordbrukets arbetare. Levnadsvillkor och arbelsliv på landsbygden fro̊n frihelstiden till mitten av 1800-talet, Part I (Stockholm, 1957).
-
(1954)
An Economic History of Sweden
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-
Heckscher, E.F.1
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5
-
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13044296403
-
-
Stockholm
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Eli F. Heckscher, An Economic History of Sweden (Cambridge, Mass., 1954); Ulf Jonsson, Jordmagnater, landböcker och torpare i sydöstra Södermanland 1800-1880 (Stockholm, 1980); Gustaf Utterström, Jordbrukets arbetare. Levnadsvillkor och arbelsliv på landsbygden fro̊n frihelstiden till mitten av 1800-talet, Part I (Stockholm, 1957).
-
(1980)
Jordmagnater, Landböcker och Torpare i Sydöstra Södermanland 1800-1880
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-
Jonsson, U.1
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6
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-
84866225455
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-
Stockholm
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Eli F. Heckscher, An Economic History of Sweden (Cambridge, Mass., 1954); Ulf Jonsson, Jordmagnater, landböcker och torpare i sydöstra Södermanland 1800-1880 (Stockholm, 1980); Gustaf Utterström, Jordbrukets arbetare. Levnadsvillkor och arbelsliv på landsbygden fro̊n frihelstiden till mitten av 1800-talet, Part I (Stockholm, 1957).
-
(1957)
Jordbrukets Arbetare. Levnadsvillkor och Arbelsliv På Landsbygden Fro̊n Frihelstiden Till Mitten av 1800-talet
, Issue.1 PART
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-
Utterström, G.1
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7
-
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0005210758
-
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Partille
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Winberg in particular has emphasized this aspect of downward social mobility; see Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Partille, 1975).
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(1975)
Folkökning och Proletarisering
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Winberg, C.1
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8
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13044310512
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Stockholm
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Nils Wohlin, Torpare-, backstugu- och inhysesklasserna, Emigrationsutredningen, Supplement XI (Stockholm, 1908); Valter Elgeskog, Svensk torpbebyggelse från 1500-talet till laga skiftet: en agrarhistorisk Studie (Stockholm, 1945).
-
(1908)
Torpare-, Backstugu- och Inhysesklasserna, Emigrationsutredningen
, Issue.11 SUPPL.
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Wohlin, N.1
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15
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0009153004
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Lund Papers in Economic History, Lund
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For a more detailed description of the area, see Tommy Bengtsson and Christer Lundh, Life events in a peasant society in transition, Lund Papers in Economic History, 1 (Lund, 1990), and Tommy Bengtsson and Martin Dribe, Economy and demography in Western Scania, Sweden, 1650-1900, EurAsian Project on Population and Family History, Working Paper Series, 10 (Kyoto, 1997).
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(1990)
Life Events in a Peasant Society in Transition
, vol.1
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Bengtsson, T.1
Lundh, C.2
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16
-
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13044302756
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-
EurAsian Project on Population and Family History, Working Paper Series, Kyoto
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For a more detailed description of the area, see Tommy Bengtsson and Christer Lundh, Life events in a peasant society in transition, Lund Papers in Economic History, 1 (Lund, 1990), and Tommy Bengtsson and Martin Dribe, Economy and demography in Western Scania, Sweden, 1650-1900, EurAsian Project on Population and Family History, Working Paper Series, 10 (Kyoto, 1997).
-
(1997)
Economy and Demography in Western Scania, Sweden, 1650-1900
, vol.10
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-
Bengtsson, T.1
Dribe, M.2
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17
-
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84866229366
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-
Lund Papers in Economic History, Lund
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The Scanian Demographic Database is a collaborative project between the Provincial Archives in Lund and the Research Group in Population Economics at the Department of Economic History, Lund University. For a detailed description of the database, see Elisabeth Reuterswärd and Franceska Olsson, Skånes demografiska databas 1646-1894: En källbeskrivning, Lund Papers in Economic History, 33 (Lund, 1993).
-
(1993)
Skånes Demografiska Databas 1646-1894: En Källbeskrivning
, vol.33
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-
Reuterswärd, E.1
Olsson, F.2
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18
-
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0009234430
-
-
Lund Papers in Economic History, Lund
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The linking process is described and evaluated in Tommy Bengtsson and Christer Lundh, Evaluation of a Swedish Computer Program for Automatic Family Reconstitution, Lund Papers in Economic History, 8 (Lund, 1991), and Tommy Bengtsson and Christer Lundh, Name-Standardisation and Automatic Family Reconstitution, Lund Papers in Economic History, 29 (Lund, 1993).
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(1991)
Evaluation of a Swedish Computer Program for Automatic Family Reconstitution
, vol.8
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-
Bengtsson, T.1
Lundh, C.2
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19
-
-
0009233676
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-
Lund Papers in Economic History, Lund
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The linking process is described and evaluated in Tommy Bengtsson and Christer Lundh, Evaluation of a Swedish Computer Program for Automatic Family Reconstitution, Lund Papers in Economic History, 8 (Lund, 1991), and Tommy Bengtsson and Christer Lundh, Name-Standardisation and Automatic Family Reconstitution, Lund Papers in Economic History, 29 (Lund, 1993).
-
(1993)
Name-Standardisation and Automatic Family Reconstitution
, vol.29
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-
Bengtsson, T.1
Lundh, C.2
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20
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-
0004276788
-
-
Umeå
-
Harnesk claims that it is difficult to distinguish individuals who actually worked as servants from other reporting in the parish registers. In the eighteenth century all young men and women were reported in the migration registers as 'farmhands' or 'maids', and even in the nineteenth century it is difficult to determine how consistent the reports of occupations were; see Börje Harnesk, Legofolk: Drängar, pigor och bönder i 1700-och 1800-talens Sverige (Umeå, 1990), 176. In the four Scanian parishes that are included in this study, it is possible to distinguish between servants and non-servants by occupational reporting in the marriage registers. Throughout the period, young people were reported either as ' farmhands'/'maids' Or as 'peasant's daughter'/'peasant's son' or by occupation (peasant, crofter, soldier, etc.).
-
(1990)
Legofolk: Drängar, Pigor och Bönder i 1700-och 1800-talens Sverige
, pp. 176
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Harnesk, B.1
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21
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-
13044301756
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-
Lund
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The montal was a fiscal measure of the farm's capacity to pay tax, not a square measure. Sommarin estimates, however, that one montal in the area of investigation was about 226 acres in 1820; see Emil Sommarin, Det skånska jordbrukets ekonomiska utveckling 1801-1914, 2-3 (Lund, 1939), 25.
-
(1939)
Det Skånska Jordbrukets Ekonomiska Utveckling 1801-1914
, vol.2-3
, pp. 25
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-
Sommarin, E.1
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22
-
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13044314843
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-
Calculated from Regression 1 (see Appendix)
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Calculated from Regression 1 (see Appendix).
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-
-
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23
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13044307730
-
-
note
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Note, however, that the odds are calculated from rather high probabilities. For the entire period, 77 per cent of men and women from peasant homes were reported as being servants when they married. The corresponding proportion of people from nonpeasant homes was 87 per cent.
-
-
-
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24
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0032623198
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Servant migration in Sweden in the early nineteenth century
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Christer Lundh, 'Servant migration in Sweden in the early nineteenth century', Journal of Family History 24, 1 (1999).
-
(1999)
Journal of Family History
, vol.24
, Issue.1
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-
Lundh, C.1
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26
-
-
84866229367
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-
Ekeby, Frillestad, Halmstad, Hög, Kävlinge, Sireköpinge and Stenestad
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Ekeby, Frillestad, Halmstad, Hög, Kävlinge, Sireköpinge and Stenestad.
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-
-
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27
-
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13044300015
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Lundh, 'Servant migration in Sweden'; and Christer Lundh, Youth migration in a life-cycle perspective, Lund Papers in Economic History, 52 (LUnd, 1996).
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Servant Migration in Sweden
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Lundh1
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28
-
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13044307951
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-
Lund Papers in Economic History, LUnd
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Lundh, 'Servant migration in Sweden'; and Christer Lundh, Youth migration in a life-cycle perspective, Lund Papers in Economic History, 52 (LUnd, 1996).
-
(1996)
Youth Migration in a Life-cycle Perspective
, vol.52
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Lundh, C.1
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29
-
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13044302993
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Household and family aspects of children leaving home: Rural youth migration in nineteenth century Scania, Sweden
-
paper presented organized by the French Society of Historical Demography and the French Association of Economic Historians, Paris, 4-5 December
-
Martin Dribe, 'Household and family aspects of children leaving home: Rural youth migration in nineteenth century Scania, Sweden', paper presented to the conference 'Economic History and Demography: Migration, Family Life Cycles and Labour Markets', organized by the French Society of Historical Demography and the French Association of Economic Historians, Paris, 4-5 December 1998. See also Martin Dribe, Rural youth migration from a household perspective : a study of children leaving home in Scania, Sweden 1829-1870 (Lund, 1997).
-
(1998)
Conference 'Economic History and Demography: Migration, Family Life Cycles and Labour Markets'
-
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Dribe, M.1
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30
-
-
0005718931
-
-
Lund
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Martin Dribe, 'Household and family aspects of children leaving home: Rural youth migration in nineteenth century Scania, Sweden', paper presented to the conference 'Economic History and Demography: Migration, Family Life Cycles and Labour Markets', organized by the French Society of Historical Demography and the French Association of Economic Historians, Paris, 4-5 December 1998. See also Martin Dribe, Rural youth migration from a household perspective : a study of children leaving home in Scania, Sweden 1829-1870 (Lund, 1997).
-
(1997)
Rural Youth Migration from a Household Perspective : A Study of Children Leaving Home in Scania, Sweden 1829-1870
-
-
Dribe, M.1
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33
-
-
0003462493
-
-
Calculations based on Eriksson and Rogers' study give the same result for men from peasant homes. In 1824-1825, 56 per cent of 20-year-old men from peasant homes were working as servants in Asunda. In 1854-1856 the corresponding proportion was less, only 40 per cent; see Eriksson and Rogers, Rural labor and population change, 78.
-
Rural Labor and Population Change
, pp. 78
-
-
Eriksson1
Rogers2
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34
-
-
13044300238
-
-
N= 1,327
-
N= 1,327.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
13044299170
-
-
Calculations based on family reconstitutions (N = 1,467 and 1,707)
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Calculations based on family reconstitutions (N = 1,467 and 1,707).
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
0003462493
-
-
Calculations based on Eriksson and Rogers' study of two cohorts from the same period give about the same proportion: 49-59 per cent; see Eriksson and Rogers, Rural labor and population change, 78.
-
Rural Labor and Population Change
, pp. 78
-
-
Eriksson1
Rogers2
-
40
-
-
13044299587
-
-
As mentioned, Dribe found that almost 30 per cent of the children of peasants had not left the parental home at the age of 30. Similar high proportions were found by Wall, Guinnane and Alter and Oris. The assumption here is based on the proportions in Table 4, and the difference is probably to some extent explained by the fact that the sample included in this study is formed from three marriage cohorts. Probably there was some correspondence between the probability of staying at home and the probability of getting married, either by the individual's preference for marriage or by his or her competitiveness in the marriage market; see Dribe, 'Household and family aspects of children leaving home'; Richard Wall, 'The age at leaving home', Journal of Family History 3, 2 (1978); Timothy Guinnane, 'Age at leaving home in rural Ireland, 1901-1911', Journal of Economic History 52 (1992); and Michael Oris and George Alter, 'Access to marriage in the East Ardennes during the 19th century', paper presented to the Sixth CORN Conference, 'Marriage and Economic Conditions in the North European Countryside Since 1400', in Cambridge, 11-13 September 1998.
-
Household and Family Aspects of Children Leaving Home
-
-
Dribe1
-
41
-
-
84970358939
-
The age at leaving home
-
As mentioned, Dribe found that almost 30 per cent of the children of peasants had not left the parental home at the age of 30. Similar high proportions were found by Wall, Guinnane and Alter and Oris. The assumption here is based on the proportions in Table 4, and the difference is probably to some extent explained by the fact that the sample included in this study is formed from three marriage cohorts. Probably there was some correspondence between the probability of staying at home and the probability of getting married, either by the individual's preference for marriage or by his or her competitiveness in the marriage market; see Dribe, 'Household and family aspects of children leaving home'; Richard Wall, 'The age at leaving home', Journal of Family History 3, 2 (1978); Timothy Guinnane, 'Age at leaving home in rural Ireland, 1901-1911', Journal of Economic History 52 (1992); and Michael Oris and George Alter, 'Access to marriage in the East Ardennes during the 19th century', paper presented to the Sixth CORN Conference, 'Marriage and Economic Conditions in the North European Countryside Since 1400', in Cambridge, 11-13 September 1998.
-
(1978)
Journal of Family History
, vol.3
, Issue.2
-
-
Wall, R.1
-
42
-
-
0027087557
-
Age at leaving home in rural Ireland, 1901-1911
-
As mentioned, Dribe found that almost 30 per cent of the children of peasants had not left the parental home at the age of 30. Similar high proportions were found by Wall, Guinnane and Alter and Oris. The assumption here is based on the proportions in Table 4, and the difference is probably to some extent explained by the fact that the sample included in this study is formed from three marriage cohorts. Probably there was some correspondence between the probability of staying at home and the probability of getting married, either by the individual's preference for marriage or by his or her competitiveness in the marriage market; see Dribe, 'Household and family aspects of children leaving home'; Richard Wall, 'The age at leaving home', Journal of Family History 3, 2 (1978); Timothy Guinnane, 'Age at leaving home in rural Ireland, 1901-1911', Journal of Economic History 52 (1992); and Michael Oris and George Alter, 'Access to marriage in the East Ardennes during the 19th century', paper presented to the Sixth CORN Conference, 'Marriage and Economic Conditions in the North European Countryside Since 1400', in Cambridge, 11-13 September 1998.
-
(1992)
Journal of Economic History
, vol.52
-
-
Guinnane, T.1
-
43
-
-
13044300237
-
Access to marriage in the East Ardennes during the 19th century
-
paper presented in Cambridge, 11-13 September
-
As mentioned, Dribe found that almost 30 per cent of the children of peasants had not left the parental home at the age of 30. Similar high proportions were found by Wall, Guinnane and Alter and Oris. The assumption here is based on the proportions in Table 4, and the difference is probably to some extent explained by the fact that the sample included in this study is formed from three marriage cohorts. Probably there was some correspondence between the probability of staying at home and the probability of getting married, either by the individual's preference for marriage or by his or her competitiveness in the marriage market; see Dribe, 'Household and family aspects of children leaving home'; Richard Wall, 'The age at leaving home', Journal of Family History 3, 2 (1978); Timothy Guinnane, 'Age at leaving home in rural Ireland, 1901-1911', Journal of Economic History 52 (1992); and Michael Oris and George Alter, 'Access to marriage in the East Ardennes during the 19th century', paper presented to the Sixth CORN Conference, 'Marriage and Economic Conditions in the North European Countryside Since 1400', in Cambridge, 11-13 September 1998.
-
(1998)
Sixth CORN Conference, 'Marriage and Economic Conditions in the North European Countryside since 1400'
-
-
Oris, M.1
Alter, G.2
|