Anatomy of soft tissues of the spinal canal

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 303-310

  Hogan, Quinn ^a   Toth, Jeffrey ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Epidural anesthesia; Epidural space; Nerve roots; Spinal anesthesia; Vertebral column

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARACHNOID; ARTICLE; EPIDURAL SPACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; NERVE ROOT; NEUROANATOMY; PIA MATER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOFT TISSUE; VERTEBRAL CANAL;

EID: 0032766719     PISSN: 0146521X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00115550-199924040-00005     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Gershater R, St. Louis EL. Lumbar epidural venography. Radiology 1979: 131: 409-421.
2. Meijenhorst GCH. Computed tomography of the lumbar veins. Radiology 1982: 145: 687-691.
3. Hogan Q. Lumbar epidural anatomy: a new look by cryomicrotome section. Anesthesiology 1991: 75: 767-775.
4. Fukushige T, Dano T, Sano T. Radiographic investigation of unilateral epidural block after single injection. Anesthesiology 1997: 87: 1574-1575.
5. Ramsey HJ. Comparative morphology of fat in the epidural space. Am J Anat 1959: 105: 219-232.
6. Savolaine ER, Pandya JB, Greenblatt SH, Conover SR. Anatomy of the human lumbar epidural space: New insights using CT-epidurography. Anesthesiology 1988: 68: 217-220.
7. Blomberg R. The dorsomedian connective tissue band in the lumbar epidural space of humans: an anatomical study using epiduroscopy in autopsy cases. Anesth Analg 1986: 65: 747-752.
8. Williams PL, Warick R,. Dyson M, Bannister LH. Gray's Anatomy. 37th ed., Churchill Livingstone, London, 1989: 1123.
9. Bromage PR. Mechanism of action of extradural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 1975: 47: 199-212.
10. Frumin MJ, Schwartz H, Burns JJ, Brodie BB, Papper EM. Sites of sensory blockade during segmental spinal and segmental peridural anesthesia in man. Anesthesiology 1953: 14: 576-583.
11. Hogan QH. Bpidural anatomy examined by cryomicrotome section: influence of age, level and disease. Reg Anesth 1996: 21: 395-406.
12. Reid JD. Effects of flexion-extension movements of the head and spine upon the spinal cord and nerve roots. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960: 23: 214-221.
13. Epstein BS. The effect of increased interspinal pressure on the movement of iodized oil within the spinal canal. Am J Roentgen 1944: 52: 196-199.
14. Martins BS, Wiley JK, Myers PW. Dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal dura mater. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1972: 35: 468-473.
15. Hogan QH, Prost R, Kulier A, Taylor ML, Liu S, Mark L. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and abdominal pressure. Anesthesiology 1996: 84: 1341-1349.
16. Luyendijk W. The plica mediana dorsalis of the dura mater and its relation to lumbar peridurography (canalography). Neuroradiology 1976: 11: 147-149.
17. Grenier N, Kressel HY, Schiebler ML, Grossman RI, Dalinka MK. Normal and degenerative posterior spinal structures: MR imaging. Radiology 1987: 165: 517-525.
18. Ho PS, Yu S, Sether L, Wagner M, Ho K, Haughton VM. Ligamentum flavum: appearance on sagittal and coronal MR images. Radiology 1988: 168: 469-472.
19. Hogan QH. Size of human lower thoracic and lumbosacral nerve roots. Anesthesiology 1996: 85: 37-42.
20. Ingbert C. An enumeration of the medullated nerve fibers in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves of man. J Comp Neurol 1903: 13: 53-120.
21. Haller FR, Low FN. The fine structure of the peripheral nerve root sheath in the subarachnoid space in the rat and other laboratory animals. Am J Anat 1971: 131: 1-20.
22. Parke WW, Watanabe R. The intrinsic vasculature of the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots. Spine 1985: 10: 508-515.