Epidural anatomy examined by cryomicrotome section influence of age, vertebral level, and disease

Regional Anesthesia

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 395-406

  Hogan, Quinn H ^a  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Epidural, anesthesia, spinal anatomy

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; ARTICLE; CADAVER; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; EPIDURAL SPACE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LUMBAR VERTEBRA; MICROTOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CRYOULTRAMICROTOMY; EPIDURAL SPACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; THORACIC VERTEBRAE;

EID: 0029845348     PISSN: 0146521X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Hogan Q. Lumbar epidural anatomy: A new look by cryomicrotome section. Anesthesiology 1991: 75: 767-775.
2. Bromage PR. Epidural analgesia. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1978: 131-135.
3. Sutton DN, Linter SPK. Depth of extradural space and durai puncture. Anaesthesia 1991: 46: 97-98.
4. Nickalls RWD, Kokri MS. The width of the posterior epidural space in obstetric patients. Anaesthesia 1986:41:432-433.
5. Bailey RW. The cervical spine. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1974: 11-12.
6. Sherk HH, Parke WW. Anatomy. In: Sherk HH, ed. The cervical spine 2nd ed. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1989: 15.
7. Johnson RM, South wick WO. Surgical approaches to the spine. In Rothman RH, Simeone FA, eds. The spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1982:84-85.
8. Halliday DR, Sullivan CR, Hollinshead WH, Bahn RC. Torn cervical ligaments: Necropsy examination of the normal cervical region of the spinal column. J Trauma 1964: 4: 219-232.
9. Bosenberg AT, Bland BAR, Schult-Steinberg O, Downing JW. Thoracic epidural anesthesia via caudal route in infants. Anesthesiology 1988: 69: 265-269.
10. Schulte-Steinberg O, Rahlfs VW. Spread of extradural analgesia following caudal injection in children. Br J Anaesth 1977: 49: 1027-1033.
11. Ho PSP, Yu S, Sether LA, Wagner M, Ho K-C, Haughton VM. Ligamentum flavum: Appearance on sagittal and coronal MR images. Radiology 1988: 168: 469-472.
12. Herzog RJ, Daiser JA, Saal JA, Saal JS. The importance of posterior epidural fat pad in lumbar central canal stenosis. Spine 1991: 16: S227-S233.
13. Benzon HT, Braunschweig R, Molloy RE. Delayed onset of epidural anesthesia in patients with back pain. Anesth Analg 1981: 60: 874-878.
14. Burn JM, Guyer PB, Langdon L. The spread of solutions injected into the epidural space: A study using epidurograms in patients with the lumbosciatic syndrome. Br J Anaesth 1973: 45: 398-344.
15. Bromage PR. Spread of analgesic solutions in the epidural space and their site of action: A statistical study. Br J Anaesth 1962:34: 161-178.
16. Grundy EM, Ramamurthy S, Patel KP, Mani M, Winnie AP. Extradural analgesia revisited: A statistical study. Br J Anaesth 1978: 50: 805-809.
17. Sharrock NE. Epidural anesthetic dose requirements in patients 20 to 80 years old. Anesthesiology 1978: 49: 425-428.
18. Nydahl P-A, Philipson L, Axelsson K, Johansson J-E. Epidural anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine: Influence of age on sensory and motor blockade. Anesth Analg 1991:73:780-786.
19. Bryne TN, Waxman SG. Spinal cord compression. Philadelphia, FA Davis, 1990: 146-178.
20. Quint DJ, Boulos RS, Sanders WP, Mehta BA, Patel SC, Tiel RL. Epidural lipomatosis. Radiology 1988: 169:485-490.
21. Doppman JL. Epidural lipomatosis. Radiology 1989: 171: 581-582.
22. Toshniwal PK, Glic RP. Spinal epidural lipomatosis: report of a case secondary to hypothyroidism and review of the literature. J Neurol 1987: 234: 172-176.
23. Badami JP, Hinck VC. Symptomatic deposition of epidural fat in a morbidly obese woman. AJNR 1982: 3: 664-665.
24. Bednar DA, Esses SI, Kucharczyk W. Symptomatic lumbar epidural lipomatosis in a normal male. Spine 1990: 15: 52-53.