Transformations of biogenic particulates from the pelagic to the deep ocean realm

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 46, Issue 11-12, 1999, Pages 2761-2792

  Boyd, P W ^a   Sherry, N D ^a   Berges, J A ^b   Bishop, J K B ^c   Calvert, S E ^a   Charette, M A ^d   Giovannoni, S J ^e   Goldblatt, R ^a   Harrison, P J ^a   Moran, S B ^d   Roy, S ^f   Soon, M ^a   Strom, S ^g   Thibault, D ^f   Vergin, K L ^e   Whitney, F A ^h   Wong, C S ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^e OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE   (Canada)

^g WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOGENIC MATERIAL; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; DEEP WATER; PARTICULATE FLUX; PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON; PELAGIC ENVIRONMENT; VERTICAL PROFILE;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0032758845     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00083-1     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Alldredge A.L., Passow U., Logan B.E. The abundance and significance of a class of large transparent organic particles in the ocean. Deep-Sea Research. 40:1993;1131-1140.
2. Alldredge A.L., Crocker K.M. Why do sinking mucilage aggregates accumulate in the water column? The Science of the Total Environment. 165:1995;15-22.
3. Altabet M.A., Deuser W.G., Honjo S., Stienen C. Seasonal and depth-related changes in the source of sinking particles in the North Atlantic. Nature. 354:1991;136-139.
4. Altabet M.A., Bishop J.K.B., McCarthy J.J. Differences in particulate nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition for samples collected by bottles and large volume pumps in Gulf Stream warm-core rings and the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research. 39:1992;S405-417.
5. Asper V.L., Deuser W.G., Knauer G.A., Lohrenz S.E. Rapid coupling of sinking particle fluxes between surface and deep ocean waters. Nature. 357:1992;670-673.
6. Azam F., Smith D.C., Long R.A., Steward G. Bacteria in ocean carbon cycling as a molecular problem. Joint I. Molecular ecology of aquatic microbes, NATO ASI Series. vol. G38:1995;39-54 Springer, Berlin.
7. Banse K. Iron availability, nitrate uptake and exportable new production in the subarctic Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research. 96:1991;741-748.
8. Bender M., Ducklow H., Kiddon J., Marra J., Martin J. The carbon balance during the 1989 spring bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 47°N, 20°W. Deep-Sea Research I. 39:1993;1707-1725.
9. Berges J.A., Falkowski P.G. Cell-associated proteolytic enzymes from marine phytoplankton. Journal of Phycology. 32:1996;556-574.
10. Berges J., Falkowski P.G. Physiological stress and cell death in marine phytoplankton. Induction of proteases in response to nitrogen or light limitation Limnology and Oceanography. 43:1998;129-135.
11. Bishop J.K.B., Edmond J.M., Ketten D.R., Bacon M.P., Silker W.G. The chemistry, geology and vertical flux of particulate matter from the upper 400 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research. 24:1977;511-548.
12. Bishop J.K.B., Schupack D., Sherrell R.M., Conte M. A Multiple Unit Large Volume in-situ Filtration System (MULVFS) for sampling oceanic particulate matter in mesoscale environments. Zirino A. Mapping Strategies in Chemical Oceanography, Advances in Chemistry Series. 209:1985;155-175 American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
13. Bishop J.K.B., Calvert S.E., Soon M. Spatial and temporal variability of POC in the northeast subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2699-2733.
14. Bograd, S.J., Thomson, R.E., Rabinovich, A.B., Paul, H.L. (1999). Near-surface circulation of the northeast Pacific Ocean derived from WOCE_SVP satellite-tracked drifters. Deep-Sea Research II, this volume.
15. Booth B.C., Lewin J., Postel J.R. Temporal variation in the structure of autotrophic and heterotrophic communities in the subarctic Pacific. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;57-99.
16. Borshiem K.Y., Bratbak G. Cell volume to cell carbon conversion factors for a bacterivorous Monas sp. Enriched from seawater. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 36:1987;171-175.
17. Boyd P., Newton P. Evidence of the potential influence of planktonic community structure on the interannual variability of particulate carbon flux. Deep-Sea Research I. 42:1995;619-639.
18. Boyd P.W., Strom S., Whitney F.A., Doherty S., Wen M.E., Harrison P.J., Wong C.S., Varela D.E. The NE subarctic Pacific in winter. Biological standing stocks. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 128:1995;11-24.
19. Boyd P.W., Whitney F.A., Harrison P.J., Wong C.S. The NE subarctic Pacific in winter. Biological rate processes. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 128:1995;25-34.
20. Boyd P.W., Muggli D., Varela D., Goldblatt R.H., Chretien R., Orians K.J., Harrison P.J. In vitro iron enrichment experiments in the NE subarctic Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 136:1996;179-193.
21. Boyd P.W., Newton P. Measuring biogenic carbon flux in the ocean. Science. 275:1997;554.
22. Boyd P.W., Harrison P.J. Phytoplankton dynamics in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2405-2432.
23. Boyd, P.W., Wong, C.S., Merrill, J., Whitney, F., Snow, J., Harrison, P.J., Gower, J., 1998. Atmospheric iron supply and enhanced vertical carbon flux in the NE subarctic Pacific - is there a connection? Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12, 429-441.
24. Boyd P.W., Newton P.P. Does planktonic community structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in different oceanic provinces. Deep-Sea Research I. 46:1999;63-91.
25. Boyd, P.W., Stevens, C.L., 1999. A coupled C flux/particle dynamics model to assess factors controlling the transfer of material to the deep ocean. Deep Sea Research I, submitted for publication.
26. Caron D.A., Dam H.G., Kremer P., Lessard E.J., Madin L.P., Malone T.C., Napp J.M., Peele E.R., Roman M.R., Youngbluth M.J. The contribution of micro-organisms to particulate carbon and nitrogen in surface waters of the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. Deep-Sea Research I. 42:1995;943-972.
27. 234Th as a tracer of particulate organic carbon export in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II 46, 2833-2861.
28. Cherrier J., Bauer J.E., Druffel E.R.M. Utilization and turnover of labile dissolved organic matter by bacterial heterotrophs in eastern North Pacific surface waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 139:1996;267-279.
29. Christian J.R., Karl D.M. Bacterial ectoenzymes in marine waters. activity ratios and temperature responses in three oceanographic provinces Limnology and Oceanography. 40:1995;1042-1049.
30. Christian J.R., Lewis M.R., Karl D.M. Vertical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre near Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research. 102:1997;15667-15677.
31. 238U disequilibria within the California current Limnology and Oceanography. 30:1985;22-32.
32. Dagg M. Sinking particles as a possible source of nutrition for the large calanoid copepod Neocalanus cristatus in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research I. 40:1993;1431-1445.
33. Dam H.G., Drapeau D.T. Coagulation efficiency, organic matter glues and the dynamics of particles during a phytoplankton bloom in a mesocosm study. Deep-Sea Research II. 42:1995;111-123.
34. DeLong E.F., Franks D.G., Alldredge A.L. Phylogenetic diversity of aggregate-attached vs. free-living marine bacterial assemblages. Limnology and Oceanography. 38:1993;924-934.
35. del Giorgio P.A., Cole J.J., Cimbleris A. Respiration rates in bacteria exceed phytoplankton production in unproductive aquatic systems. Nature. 385:1997;148-151.
36. Denman K.L., Gargett A.E. Multiple thermoclines are barriers to vertical exchange in the subarctic Pacific during SUPER, May 1984. Journal of Marine Research. 46:1988;77-103.
37. Druffel E.R., Williams P.M., Bauer J.E., Ertel J.R. Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research. 97:1992;15639-15659.
38. Fenchel T. Ecology of hetrotrophic microflagellates. II Bioenergetics and growth Marine Ecology Progress Series. 8:1982;225-231.
39. Frost B.W. A modelling study of processes regulating plankton standing stock and production in the open subarctic Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;17-56.
40. Fuhrman J.A., Davis A.A. Widespread Archea and novel bacteria from the deep sea as shown by 16S rRNA gene sequences. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 150:1997;275-285.
41. Fulton, J.D., 1978. Seasonal and annual variations of net zooplankton at Ocean Station P, 1965-1976. Canadian Fisheries Marine Services Data Report, 49.
42. Gardner W.D., Walsh I.D., Richardson M.J. Biophysical forcing of particle production and distribution during a spring bloom in the North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research II. 40:1993;171-198.
43. Gifford D.J. Protozoa in the diets of Neocalanus spp. In the oceanic subarctic Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;223-238.
44. Giovanonni S.J., Britschgi T.B., Moyer C.L., Field K.G. Genetic diversity in Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton. Nature. 345:1990;60-63.
45. Giovannoni S.J., Mullins T.D., Field K.G. Microbial diversity in oceanic systems. rRNA approaches to the study of unculturable microbes Joint I. Molecular ecology of aquatic microbes, NATO ASI Series. G38:1995;217-248 Springer, Berlin.
46. Goldblatt R.H., Mackas D.L., Lewis A.G., Wen M.E. Mesozooplankton community characteristics in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2619-2644.
47. Gust G., Michaels A.F., Johnson R., Deuser W.G., Bowles W. Mooring line motions and sediment trap hydromechanics. in situ intercomparison of three common deployment designs Deep-Sea Research. I 41:1994;831-857.
48. Hill P.S. Reconciling aggregation theory with observed vertical fluxes following phytoplankton blooms. Journal of Geophysical Research. 97:1992;2295-2308.
49. Hoppe H.G., Ducklow H., Karrasch B. Evidence for the dependency of bacterial growth on enzymatic hydrolysis of particulate organic matter in the mesopelagic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 93:1993;277-283.
50. Jackson G.A. A model of the formation of marine algal flocs by physical coagulation processes. Deep-Sea Research. 37:1990;1197-1211.
51. Karl D.M., Knauer G.A. Vertical distribution, transport and exchange of carbon in the northeast Pacific Ocean: evidence for multiple zones of biological activity. Deep-Sea Research. 31:1984;221-243.
52. Karl D.M., Knauer G.A., Martin J.H. Downward flux of particulate organic matter in the ocean. a particle decomposition paradox Nature. 332:1988;438-441.
53. Karl D.M., Christian J.R., Dore J.E., Hebel D.V., Letelier R.M., Tupas L.M., Winn C.D. Seasonal and interannual variability in primary production and particle flux at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II. 43:1996;539-568.
54. Kemp P.F. Can we estimate bacterial growth rates from ribosomal RNA content. Joint I. Molecular ecology of aquatic microbes, NATO ASI Series. G38:1995;279-302 Springer, Berlin.
55. Kepkay P.E. Particle aggregation and the biological reactivity of colloids. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 109:1994;293-304.
56. Kirchman D.L., Keil R.G., Simon M., Welschmeyer N.A. Biomass and production of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the oceanic subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research. 42:1993;967-988.
57. Lampitt R.S., Hillier W.R., Challenor P.G. Seasonal and diel variation in the open ocean concentration of marine snow aggregates. Nature. 362:1993;737-739.
58. Lampitt R.S., Wishner K.F., Turley C.M., Angel M.V. Marine snow studies in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. distribution, composition and role as a food source for migrating plankton Marine Biology. 116:1993;689-702.
59. Landry M.R., Monger B.C., Selph K.E. Time-dependency of microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in the subarctic Pacific. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;205-222.
60. Legendre L., Le Fevre J. From individual plankton cells to Pelagic marine ecosystems and to global biogeochemical cycles. Demers S. Particle Analysis in Oceanography. 1991;261-300 Springer, Berlin.
61. Lloyd D., Hayes A.J. Vigour, vitality, and viability of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiological Letters. 133:1995;1.
62. Lochte K., Turley C.M. Bacteria and cyanobacteria associated with phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature. 333:1989;67-68.
63. Longhurst A.R., Bedo A.W., Harrison W.G., Head E.J.H., Sameoto D.D. Vertical flux of respiratory carbon by oceanic diel migrant biota. Deep-Sea Research. 37:1990;685-694.
64. Mackas D.L., Sefton H., Miller C.B., Raich A. Vertical habitat partitioning by large calanoid copepods in the oceanic subarctic Pacific during spring. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;259-294.
65. Martin J.H., Gordon R.M. Northeast Pacific iron distributions in relation to phytoplankton productivity. Deep-Sea Research, Part A. 35:1988;177-196.
66. Martin J.H., Knauer G.A., Karl D.M., Broenkow W.W. Vertex: Carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Research. 34:1987;267-285.
67. Martin J.H., Fitzwater S.E., Gordon R.M., Hunter C.N., Tanner S.J. Iron, primary production and carbon-nitrogen flux studies during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Research II. 40:1993;115-134.
68. Medders T.D., Vergin K.L., Boyd P.W., Giovannoni S.J. A novel. δ -subdivision Proteobacterial lineage from the Lower ocean surface layer Applied Environmental Microbiology. 63:1997;1441-1448.
69. Michaels A.F., Silver M.W. Primary production, sinking fluxes and the microbial food web. Deep-Sea Research. 35:1988;473-490.
70. Michaels A.F., Silver M.W., Gowing M.M., Knauer G.A. Cryptic zooplankton 'swimmers' in upper ocean sediment traps. Deep-Sea Research. 37:1990;1285-1296.
71. Miller C.B. Pelagic production processes in the Subarctic Pacific. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;1-17.
72. Montagnes D.J.S., Berges J.A., Harrison P.J., Taylor F.J.R. Estimating carbon, nitrogen, protein and chlorophyll. a from volume in marine phytoplankton Limnology and Oceanography. 39:1994;1044-1060.
73. Murnane R.J., Cochran J.K., Buessler K.O., Bacon M.P. Least-squares estimates of thorium, particle and nutrient cycling rate constants from the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Research I. 43:1996;239-258.
74. 234Th scavenging in the eastern equatorial Pacific Deep-Sea Research. 36:1989;1471-1489.
75. Newton P.P., Lampitt R.S., Jickells T.D., King P., Boutle C. Temporal and mesoscale variability of biogenic particle fluxes in the context of the JGOFS north-east Atlantic process studies at 47N 20W (1989-1990). Deep-Sea Research I. 41:1994;1617-1642.
76. Parslow, J.S., 1981. Phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions: data analysis and modelling (with particular reference to Ocean Station Papa [50°N 145°W] and controlled ecosystem experiments), PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia, Canada.
77. Parsons T.R., Lalli C.M. Comparative oceanic ecology of the plankton communities of the subarctic Atlantic and pacific Oceans. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review. 26:1988;317-359.
78. Passow U., Alldredge A.L. Distribution, size and bacterial colonization of transparent exoploymers in the ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 133:1994;185-198.
79. Peinart R., von Bodungen B., Smetacek V.S. Foodweb structure and loss rate. Berger W.H., Smetacek V.S., Wefer G. Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past. 1989;35-48 Wiley, New York.
80. Purcell J.E., Madin L.P. Diel patterns of migration, feeding, and spawning by salps in the subarctic Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 73:1991;211-217.
81. Putt M., Stoecker D.K. An experimentallly determined carbon : volume ratio for marine 'oligotrichous' ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters. Limnology and Oceanography. 34:1989;1097-1103.
82. Redfield A.C., Ketchum B.H., Richards F.A. The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater. Hill M.N. The Sea. 1963;26-77 Wiley, New York.
83. Riebesell U., Wolf-Gladrow D.A. The relationship between physical aggregation of phytoplankton and particle flux: a numerical model. Deep-Sea Research. 39:1992;1085-1102.
84. Rivkin R.B. Measuring biogenic carbon flux in the oceans. Science. 275:1997;554-555.
85. Rivkin R.B., Putland J.N., Deibel D., Anderson M.R. Microzooplankton bacterivory and herbivory in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2579-2618.
86. Roman M.R., Caron D.A., Kremer P., Lessard E.J., Madin L.P., Malone T.C., Napp J.M., Peele E.R., Youngbluth M.J. Spatial and temporal changes in the partitioning of organic carbon in the plankton community of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Deep-Sea Research I. 42:1995;973-992.
87. Sheldon R.W., Prakash A., Sutcliffe W.H. The size distribution of particles in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography. 17:1972;327-340.
88. Sherry, N.D., Boyd, P.W., Sigimoto, K., Harrison, P.J., 1999. Seasonal and spatial patterns of heterotrophic bacterial production, respiration, and biomass in the NE subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 46, 2557-2578.
89. Silver M.W., Gowing M.M. The 'particle' flux. Origins and biological components Progress in Oceanography. 26:1991;75-113.
90. Smith D.C., Simon M., Alldredge A.L., Azam F. Intense hydrolytic enzyme activity on marine aggregates and implications for rapid particle dissolution. Nature. 359:1992;139-142.
91. Strathmann R.R. Estimating the organic carbon content of phytoplankton from cell volume or plasma volume. Limnology and Oceanography. 12:1967;411-418.
92. Tabata S. The general circulation of the Pacific Ocean and a brief account of the oceanographic structure of the North Pacific Ocean. Part I - Circulation and volume transports. Atmosphere. 13:1975;133-168.
93. Takahashi K. Seasonal fluxes of pelagic diatoms in the subarctic Pacific, 1982-1983. Deep-Sea Research. 33:1986;1225-1252.
94. Taylor G.T., Karl D.M. Vertical fluxes of biogenic particles and associated biota in the eastern north Pacific: implications for biogeochemical cycling and productivity. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 5:1991;289-303.
95. Thibault D., Roy S., Wong C.S., Bishop J.K. The downward flux of biogenic material in the NE subarctic Pacific: importance of algal sinking and mesozooplankton herbivory. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2669-2697.
96. Tortell P.D., Madonado M.T., Price N.M. The role of heterotrophic bacteria in iron-limited ocean ecosystems. Nature. 383:1996;330-332.
97. Turley C.M. Formation, vertical flux and remineralisation of aggregates in the ocean: a short review. Archiv. Fur Hydrobiologie Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie. 37:1992;155-163.
98. Turley C.M. The effect of pressure on leucine and thymidine incorporation by free-living bacteria and by bacteria attached to sinking particles. Deep-Sea Research I. 40:1993;2193-2206.
99. Turley C.M., Mackie P. Biogeochemical significance of attached and free-living bacteria and the flux of particles in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 115:1994;191-203.
100. Turley C.M., Mackie P. Bacterial and cyanobacterial flux to the deep NE Atlantic on sedimenting particles. Deep-Sea Research I. 42:1995;1453-1474.
101. Turley, C.M., Stutt, E.D., 1999. Depth related cell specific leucine incorporation rates on particles and its biogeochemical significance in the NW Mediterranean. Limnology and Oceanography, submitted for publication.
102. Varela D.E., Harrison P.J. Seasonal variability in the nitrogenous nutrition of natural phytoplankton assemblages in the northeastern subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2505-2538.
103. Wakeham S.G., Canuel E.A. Organic geochemistry of particulate matter in the eastern tropical North Pacifc Ocean: Implications for particle dynamics. Journal of Marine Research. 46:1988;183-213.
104. Welschmeyer N.A., Strom S., Goericke R., DiTuillio G., Belvin B., Petersen W. Primary production in the subarctic Pacific Ocean: Project SUPER. Progress in Oceanography. 32:1993;101-135.
105. Whitney, F.A., Freeland, H., 1999. Variability in upper ocean water properties along Line P in the NE Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, this volume.
106. Wong C.S., Whitney F.A., Iseki K., Page J.S., Zeng J. Analysis of trends in primary productivity and chlorophyll-a over two decades at Ocean Station P (50°N 145°W) in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 121:1995;107-117.
107. Wong C.S., Yu Z., Johnson W.K., Matear R.J., Whitney F.A. Dissolved organic carbon in Sub-Arctic North Pacific Ocean. Handa N., Tanoue E., Hama T. Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter. 1999;107-116 Terra Scientific Publishing Co. Tokyo.
108. Wong C.S., Whitney F.A., Crawford D.W., Johnson W.K., Iseki K., Matear R.J., Page J.S., Timothy D. Seasonal and interannual variability in particle fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and silicon from time series of sediment traps at Ocean Station P, 1982-1993. relationship to changes in subarctic primary productivity Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2735-2760.
109. Wu J., Calvert S.E., Wong C.S., Whitney F.A. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of sedimenting particulate material at Station Papa in the subarctic northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II. 46:1999;2793-2832.