Effects of smokeless tobacco and tumor promoters on cell population growth and apoptosis of b lymphocytes infected with Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Volumn 160, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 171-182

  Jenson, Hal B ^a   Baillargeon, Jacques ^a   Heard, Patty ^a   Moyer, Mary Pat ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

12 O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate (TPA); 4 (N methyl N nitrosamine) 13 pyridinyl) l butanone (NNK); Apoptosis; Epstein Barr virus; Lymphocytes; N butyrate; N nitrosonornicotine (NNN); Smokeless tobacco

Indexed keywords

4 (METHYLNITROSAMINO) 1 (3 PYRIDYL) 1 BUTANONE; BUTYRIC ACID; NITROSONORNICOTINE; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE;

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL VIABILITY; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MITOSIS INHIBITION; NONHUMAN; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TYPING;

DNA VIRUSES; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4 TYPE 1; NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 0032746854     PISSN: 0041008X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/taap.1999.8766     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Allday M. J., Farrell P. J. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA3C/6 expression maintains the level of latent membrane protein 1 in G1-arrested cells. J. Virol. 68:1994;3491-3498.
2. Boos H., Berger R., Kuklik-Roos C., Iftner T., Mueller-Lantzsch N. Enhancement of Epstein-Barr virus membrane protein (LMP) expression by serum, TPA, or n-butyrate in latently infected Raji cells. Virology. 159:1987;161-165.
3. Bouvier G., Poirier S., Shao Y. M., Malaveille C., Ohshima H., Polack A., Bornkamm G. W., Zeng Y., de-Thé G., Bartsch H. Epstein-Barr virus activators, mutagens and volatile nitrosamines in preserved food samples from high-risk areas for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IARC Sci. Publ. 105:1991;204-209.
4. Calabresse C., Venturini L., Ronco G., Villa P., Chomienne C., Belpomme D. Butyric acid and its monosaccharide ester induce apoptosis in the HL-60 cell line. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 195:1993;31-38.
5. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 42:1993;263-266.
6. Chang R. S., Lewis J. P., Abildgaard C. F. Prevalence of oropharyngeal excreters of leukocyte-transforming agents among a human population. N. Engl. J. Med. 289:1973;1325-1329.
7. Chang R. S., Lewis J. P., Reynolds R. D., Sullivan M. J., Neuman J. Oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus by patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and by recipients of renal homografts. Ann. Intern. Med. 88:1978;34-40.
8. Conway R. M., Madigan M. C., Penfold P. L., Billson F. A. Induction of apoptosis by sodium butyrate in the human Y-79 retinoblastoma cell line. Oncol. Res. 7:1995;289-297.
9. Epstein M. A., Achong B. G., Barr Y. M., Zajac B., Henle G., Henle W. Morphological and virological investigations on cultured Burkitt tumor lymphoblasts (strain Raji). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 37:1966;547-559.
10. Ferbas J., Rahman M. A., Kingsley L. A., Armstrong J. A., Ho M., Zhou S. Y. J., Rinaldo C. R. Jr. Frequent oropharyngeal shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in homosexual men during early HIV infection. AIDS. 6:1992;1273-1278.
11. Filippovich I., Sorokina N., Khanna K. K., Lavin M. F. Butyrate induced apoptosis in lymphoid cells preceded by transient over-expression of HSP70 mRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198:1994;257-265.
12. Foghsgaard L., Jaattela M. The ability of BHRF1 to inhibit apoptosis is dependent on stimulus and cell type. J. Virol. 71:1997;7509-7517.
13. Francus T., Klein R. F., Staiano-Coico L., Becker C. G., Siskind G. W. Effects of tobacco glycoprotein (TGP) on the immune system. II. TGP stimulates the proliferation of human T cells and the differentiation of human B cells into Ig secreting cells [published erratum appears in J. Immunol. 1988 Jun 15; 140(12), 4413]. J. Immunol. 140:1988;1823-1829.
14. Francus T., Manzo G., Canki M., Thompson L. C., Szabo P. Two peaks of interleukin 1 expression in human leukocytes cultured with tobacco glycoprotein. J. Exp. Med. 170:1989;327-332.
15. Fresen K. O., zur Hausen H. Establishment of EBNA-expressing cell lines by infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-genome-negative human lymphoma cells with different EBV strains. Int. J. Cancer. 17:1976;161-166.
16. Fries K. L., Miller W. E., Raab-Traub N. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 blocks p53-mediated apoptosis through the induction of the A20 gene. J. Virol. 70:1996;8653-8659.
17. Gerber P. Activation of Epstein-Barr virus by 5-bromodeoxyuridine in "virus-free" human cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 69:1972;83-85.
18. Goud S. N., Zhang L., Kaplan A. M. Immunostimulatory potential of smokeless tobacco extract in in vitro cultures of murine lymphoid tissues. Immunopharmacology. 25:1993;95-105.
19. Gregory C. D., Dive C., Henderson S., Smith C. A., Williams G. T., Gordon J., Rickinson A. B. Activation of Epstein-Barr virus latent genes protects human B cells from death by apoptosis. Nature. 349:1991;612-614.
20. Hague A., Diaz G. D., Hicks D. J., Krajewski S., Reed J. C., Paraskeva C. bcl-2 and bak may play a pivotal role in sodium butyrate-induced apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells; however overexpression of bcl-2 does not protect against bak-mediated apoptosis. Int. J. Cancer. 72:1997;898-905.
21. Hampar B., Derge J. G., Martos L. M., Walker J. L. Persistence of a repressed Epstein-Barr virus genome in Burkitt lymphoma cells made resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 68:1971;3185-3189.
22. Hatfull G., Bankier A. T., Barrell B. G., Farrell P. J. Sequence analysis of Raji Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Virology. 164:1988;334-340.
23. Hayashi K. Effect of protein kinase C inhibitors with different action mechanisms on Epstein-Barr virus replication. Intervirology. 33:1992;217-224.
24. Hecht S. S., Rivenson A., Braley J., DiBello J., Adams J. D., Hoffmann D. Induction of oral cavity tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific nitrosamines and snuff. Cancer Res. 46:1986;4162-4166.
25. Henderson E. E., Yang J. Y., Zhang R. D., Bealer M. Altered HIV expression and EBV-induced transformation in coinfected PBLs and PBL subpopulations. Virology. 182:1991;186-198.
26. Henderson S., Huen D., Rowe M., Dawson C., Johnson G., Rickinson A. Epstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;8479-8483.
27. Heusch W. L., Maneckjee R. Signalling pathways involved in nicotine regulation of apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 19:1998;551-556.
28. Hinuma Y., Konn M., Yamaguchi J., Wudarski D. J., Blakeslee J. R. Jr., Grace J. T. Jr. Immunofluorescence and herpes-type virus particles in the P3HR-1 Burkitt lymphoma cell line. J. Virol. 1:1967;1045-1051.
29. Hoffmann D., Djordjevic M. V. Chemical composition and carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco. Adv. Dent. Res. 11:1997;322-329.
30. Ishii H. H., Etheridge M. R., Gobe G. C. Cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in Burkitt lymphoma (BJA-B) cells with and without Epstein-Barr virus infection. Immunol. Cell Biol. 73:1995;463-468.
31. Ishii H. H., Gobe G. C. Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with increased apoptosis in untreated and phorbol ester-treated human Burkitt's lymphoma (AW-Ramos) cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 192:1993;1415-1423.
32. Jenson H. B., Grant G. M., Ench Y., Heard P., Thomas C. A., Hilsenbeck S. G., Moyer M. P. Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry characterization of chemical induction of latent Epstein-Barr virus. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5:1998;91-97.
33. Jenson H. B., Heard P., Moyer M. P. Evaluation of the effect of smokeless tobacco purified products and extracts on latent Epstein-Barr virus. Toxicology. 133:1999;35-42.
34. Jenson H. B., Rabson M. S., Miller G. Palindromic structure and polypeptide expression of 36 kilobase pairs of heterogeneous Epstein-Barr virus (P3HR-1) DNA. J. Virol. 58:1986;475-486.
35. Kallin B., Luka J., Klein G. Immunochemical characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-associated early and late antigens in n-butyrate-treated P3HR-1 cells. J. Virol. 32:1979;710-716.
36. Kawanishi M. Epstein-Barr virus induces fragmentation of chromosomal DNA during lytic infection. J. Virol. 67:1993;7654-7658.
37. Kawanishi M. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 protects Jurkat T cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. Virology. 228:1997;244-250.
38. Kiefer M. C., Brauer M. J., Powers V. C., Wu J. J., Umansky S. R., Tomei L. D., Barr P. J. Modulation of apoptosis by the widely distributed Bcl-2 homologue Bak. Nature. 374:1995;736-739.
39. Kizaki H., Tadakuma T., Odaka C., Muramatsu J., Ishimura Y. Activation of a suicide process of thymocytes through DNA fragmentation by calcium ionophores and phorbol esters. J. Immunol. 143:1989;1790-1794.
40. Lucht E., Biberfeld P., Linde A. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in saliva and EBV serology of HIV-1-infected persons with and without hairy leukoplakia. J. Infect. 31:1995;189-194.
41. Luka J., Kallin B., Klein G. Induction of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cycle in latently infected cells by n-butyrate. Virology. 94:1979;228-231.
42. Marshall W. L., Yim C., Gustafson E., Graf T., Sage D. R., Hanify K., Williams L., Fingeroth J., Finberg R. W. Epstein-Barr virus encodes a novel homolog of the bcl-2 oncogene that inhibits apoptosis and associates with Bax and Bak. J. Virol. 73:1999;5181-5185.
43. McCarthy N. J., Hazlewood S. A., Huen D. S., Rickinson A. B., Williams G. T. The Epstein-Barr virus gene BHRF1, a homologue of the cellular oncogene Bcl-2, inhibits apoptosis induced by gamma radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 406:1996;83-97.
44. Miller W. E., Earp H. S., Raab-Traub N. The Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J. Virol. 69:1995;4390-4398.
45. Murphy S. E., Heiblum R., Trushin N. Comparative metabolism of N′-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by cultured F344 rat oral tissue and esophagus. Cancer Res. 50:1990;4685-4691.
46. Murrah V. A., Gilchrist E. P., Moyer M. P. Morphologic and growth effects of tobacco-associated chemical carcinogens and smokeless tobacco extracts on human oral epithelial cells in culture. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 75:1993;323-332.
47. Nutter L. M., Grill S. P., Li J. S., Tan R. S., Cheng Y. C. Induction of virus enzymes by phorbol esters and n-butyrate in Epstein-Barr virus genome-carrying Raji cells. Cancer Res. 47:1987;4407-4412.
48. Oltvai Z. N., Milliman C. L., Korsmeyer S. J. Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell. 74:1993;609-619.
49. Pulvertaft R. J. V. A study of malignant tumours in Nigeria by short-term tissue culture. J. Clin. Pathol. 18:1965;261-273.
50. Raab-Traub N., Dambaugh T., Kieff E. DNA of Epstein-Barr virus. VII. B95-8, the previous prototype, is an unusual deletion derivative. Cell. 22:1980;257-267.
51. Rickinson A. B., Young L. S., Rowe M. Influence of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA 2 on the growth phenotype of virus-transformed B cells. J. Virol. 61:1987;1310-1317.
52. Sairenji T., Spiro R. C., Humphreys R. E. Differential effect of TPA and n-butyrate on induction of li and EBV antigens in the P3HR-1 lymphoblastoid cell line. Hematol. Oncol. 2:1984;381-389.
53. Sample J., Young L., Martin B., Chatman T., Kieff E., Rickinson A. Epstein-Barr virus types 1 and 2 differ in their EBNA-3A, EBNA-3B, and EBNA-3C genes. J. Virol. 64:1990;4084-4092.
54. Seyedroudbari S. A., Khan M. M. In vitro effects of smokeless tobacco extract on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta) production, and on lymphocyte proliferation. Toxicon. 36:1998;631-637.
55. Silins S. L., Sculley T. B. Burkitt's lymphoma cells are resistant to programmed cell death in the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus latent antigen EBNA-4. Int. J. Cancer. 60:1995;65-72.
56. Sixbey J. W., Shirley P., Chesney P. J., Buntin D. M., Resnick L. Detection of a second widespread strain of Epstein-Barr virus. Lancet. 2:1989;761-765.
57. Sun Y., Pommier Y., Colburn N. H. Acquisition of a growth-inhibitory response to phorbol ester involves DNA damage. Cancer Res. 52:1992;1907-1915.
58. Sundareshan P., Koster J. J., Nagle R. B., Bowden G. T. Coordinated expression of matrilysin during TPA-induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells: Two parallel processes affected by TPA. Cancer Lett. 113:1997;17-24.
59. Tarodi B., Subramanian T., Chinnadurai G. Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 protein protects against cell death induced by DNA-damaging agents and heterologous viral infection. Virology. 201:1994;404-407.
60. Wilson G., Miller G. Recovery of Epstein-Barr virus from nonproducer neonatal human lymphoid cell transformants. Virology. 95:1979;351-358.
61. Wright S. C., Zhong J., Larrick J. W. Inhibition of apoptosis as a mechanism of tumor promotion. FASEB J. 8:1994;654-660.
62. Wright S. C., Zhong J., Zheng H., Larrick J. W. Nicotine inhibition of apoptosis suggests a role in tumor promotion. FASEB J. 7:1993;1045-1051.
63. Young L. S., Yao Q. Y., Rooney C. M., Sculley T. B., Moss D. J., Rupani H., Laux G., Bornkamm G. W., Rickinson A. B. New type B isolates of Epstein-Barr virus from Burkitt's lymphoma and from normal individuals in endemic areas. J. Gen. Virol. 68:1987;2853-2862.
64. Zimber U., Adldinger H. K., Lenoir G. M., Vuillaume M., Knebel-Doeberitz M. V., Laux G., Desgranges C., Wittmann P., Freese U. K., Schneider U., Bornkamm G. W. Geographical prevalence of two types of Epstein-Barr virus. Virology. 154:1986;56-66.
65. zur Hausen H., O'Neill F. J., Freese U. K., Hecker E. Persisting oncogenic herpesvirus induced by the tumour promotor TPA. Nature. 272:1978;373-375.