The contribution of the paper cycle to global warming

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 113-136

  Subak, S ^a   Craighill, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Carbon sequestration; Forest industry; Greenhouse gases; Industrial ecology; Landfills; Paper cycle; Pulp and paper industry

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GAS; MAN-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONS; PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY;

EID: 0032743963     PISSN: 13812386     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009683311366     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Barrett-Brown, L.: 1999, Natural Resources Defense Council. Washington DC. Personal communication.
2. Bass, S.: 1996, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK. Personal communication.
3. Bingemer, H.G. and Crutzen, P.: 1987, The production of methane from solid wastes, Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (D2), 2181-2187.
4. Cooper, D. and Zetterbreg, L.: 1994, Swedish Forest Industry's Emissions and Uptake of Greenhouse Gases: An Assessment of the Forestry Industry's Contribution to the Geenhouse Effect, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg.
5. Ellis, J.: 1996, International Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris. Personal Communication.
6. FAO: 1993, Tropical Forest Assessment, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
7. FAO: 1995a, Forest Products Forecasts to 2010, Unpublished working papers and data tables, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
8. FAO: 1995b, Recovered Paper Data, 1992-1995, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy.
9. Harmon, M.E., Ferrell, W.K. and Franklin, J.F.: 1990, Effects on carbon storage of conversion of old-growth forests to young forests, Science 247, 699-702.
10. Hartman, D.A., Atkinson, W.A., Bryant, B.S. and Woodfin, R.O.: 1976, Conversion Factors the Pacific Northwest Forest Industry, Institute of Forest Resources, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle.
11. Hershkowitz, A.: 1997, Too Good to Throw Away: Recycling's Proven Record, Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York.
12. IEA: 1993, Energy Statistics of OECD Countries: 1990-1991, IEA/OECD. Paris.
13. IEA/OECD: 1991, Energy Efficiency and the Environment, IEA/OECD, Paris.
14. IIED: 1995, Paper Farming: The Role of Plantations in the Sustainable Paper Cycle, IIED.
15. IIED: 1996, Towards a Sustainable Paper Cycle, Prepared for the World Business Council for Sustainable Development by the International Institute for Enviornment and Development, London.
16. IISI: 1992, In: World Energy Council 1995, Energy Efficiency Improvement Utilising High Technology, World Energy Council, London.
17. INC: 1994, Matters Relating to Commitments: First Review of Information Communicated by Each Party Included in Annex I to the Convention, A/AC.2347/81.7, United Nations General Assembly, New York.
18. INC: 1995, Matters Relating to Commitments. First Review of Information Communicated by Each Party, FCCC/1995/Inf. 4, Berlin.
19. IPCC: 1994, Report on Radiative Forcing of Climate, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
20. IPCC/OECD: 1994, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual, IPCC Draft Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Paris.
21. Kurz, W.A.: 1998, ESSA Technologies Ltd., Vancouver, Canada. Personal communication.
22. OECD: 1993, OECD Environmental Data Compendium 1993, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
23. OECD: 1995, OECD Environmental Data Compendium 1995, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
24. OECD/IEA: 1993, World Energy Balances, OECD/IEA, Paris.
25. Pingoud, K., Savolainen, I., and Seppala, H.: 1996, Greenhouse impact of the Finnish forest sector including forest products and waste management, Ambio 25(5), 318-326.
26. PIRA: 1996, Life Cycle Assessment Study to Illustrate the Environmental Burdens of Transportation with the Paper Cycle, Prepared by Nicholas Turner for the International Institute for Environment and Development, January.
27. PPI: 1995, International Fact and Price Book, Pulp and Paper International, Miller Freeman, Brussels, Belgium.
28. Price, D.T., Halliwell, D.H., Apps, M.J., Kurz, W.A. and Curry, S.R.: 1997, Comprehensive assessment of carbon stocks and fluxes in a boreal-cordilleran forest management unit, Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 27, 2005-2016.
29. Row, C.: 1995, Full-Cycle Carbon Capture from International Paper's Tropical Reforestation Project, An Analysis for the International Paper Company, Row Associates, Edgewood, MD, USA.
30. Schlesinger, W.H.: 1977, Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 8, 51-81.
31. Sedjo, R., A., and Lyon, K.S.: 1996, A Global Pulpwood Supply Model and Some Implications, Substudy No. 2 for the International Institute for Environment and Development. Resources for the Future, Washington DC.
32. Subak, S., Craighill, A., Guthrie, M. and Kelly, M.: 1996, The Paper Industry and Global Warming, Sub-study No. 20 for the International Institute for Environment and Development.
33. Subak, S., Raskin, P. and Von Hippel, D.: 1993, National greenhouse gas emissions: current anthropogenic sources and sinks, Climatic Change 25, 15-58.
34. Trexler, M.C.: 1991, Minding the Carbon Store: Weighing U.S. Forestry Strategies to Slow Global Warming, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
35. United Nations: 1992, International Trade Statistics Yearbook, Trade by Commodity, United Nations, New York.
36. UNECE and FAO: 1992, The Forest Resources of the Temperate Zones: Main Findings of the UNECE/FAO 1990 Forest Resource Assessment, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, New York.
37. UNFCCC: 1996, National Communications, www.unfccc.de/
38. UNFCCC: 1998, Review of the Implementation of Commitments and of Other Provisions of the Convention, Buenos Aires, 2-15 November 1998, FCCC/CP/1998/INF.9.
39. U.S. EPA: 1991, Analysis of Factors Affecting Methane Gas Recovery from Six Landfills, EPA-600/R-92-037. Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
40. U.S. EPA: 1993, Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States: Estimates for 1990, Report to the Congress. Global Change Division, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC.
41. Von Hippel, D., Raskin, P., Subak, S., and Stavisky, D.: 1993, Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from energy: two approaches compared, Energy Policy (March), 691-702.
42. Watson, R.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Sanhueza, E. and Janestos, A.: 1992, Sources and Sinks, Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
43. Williams, A. (ed.): 1994, Methane Emissions, Watt Committee Report Number 28, Watt Committee of Energy, London.
44. WRI: 1995, Fiber Sourcing Analysis for the Global Pulp and Paper Industry, Final Report to IIED. Wood Resources International, Reston Viriginia, U.S.A., June.