-
1
-
-
85169778110
-
-
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (SBR-9602200)
-
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (SBR-9602200).
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
0004026810
-
-
Free Press, New York
-
A. Shapero, Managing Professional People, Free Press, New York, 1985; M. K. Badawy, 'How to prevent creativity mismanagement', Research Management, 1986, pp. 28-35; J. A. Raelin, The Clash of Cultures: Managers and Professionals, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1990.
-
(1985)
Managing Professional People
-
-
Shapero, A.1
-
3
-
-
13044306519
-
How to prevent creativity mismanagement
-
A. Shapero, Managing Professional People, Free Press, New York, 1985; M. K. Badawy, 'How to prevent creativity mismanagement', Research Management, 1986, pp. 28-35; J. A. Raelin, The Clash of Cultures: Managers and Professionals, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1990.
-
(1986)
Research Management
, pp. 28-35
-
-
Badawy, M.K.1
-
4
-
-
0003761707
-
-
Harvard Business School Press, Boston
-
A. Shapero, Managing Professional People, Free Press, New York, 1985; M. K. Badawy, 'How to prevent creativity mismanagement', Research Management, 1986, pp. 28-35; J. A. Raelin, The Clash of Cultures: Managers and Professionals, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1990.
-
(1990)
The Clash of Cultures: Managers and Professionals
-
-
Raelin, J.A.1
-
5
-
-
0003444684
-
-
University of California, Berkeley
-
M. Larson, The Rise of Professionalism, University of California, Berkeley, 1977; C. Derber (ed.), Professionals as Workers: Mental Labor in Advanced Capitalism, G. K. Hall, Boston, 1982; C. Derber, Power in the Highest Degree: Professionals and the Rise of a New Mandarin Order, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.
-
(1977)
The Rise of Professionalism
-
-
Larson, M.1
-
6
-
-
0040132414
-
-
G. K. Hall, Boston
-
M. Larson, The Rise of Professionalism, University of California, Berkeley, 1977; C. Derber (ed.), Professionals as Workers: Mental Labor in Advanced Capitalism, G. K. Hall, Boston, 1982; C. Derber, Power in the Highest Degree: Professionals and the Rise of a New Mandarin Order, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.
-
(1982)
Professionals as Workers: Mental Labor in Advanced Capitalism
-
-
Derber, C.1
-
7
-
-
0003783216
-
-
Oxford University Press, New York
-
M. Larson, The Rise of Professionalism, University of California, Berkeley, 1977; C. Derber (ed.), Professionals as Workers: Mental Labor in Advanced Capitalism, G. K. Hall, Boston, 1982; C. Derber, Power in the Highest Degree: Professionals and the Rise of a New Mandarin Order, Oxford University Press, New York, 1990.
-
(1990)
Power in the Highest Degree: Professionals and the Rise of a New Mandarin Order
-
-
Derber, C.1
-
8
-
-
84972716512
-
Organizational autonomy and professional norms in science: A case study of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
-
J. R. Sutton, 'Organizational autonomy and professional norms in science: a case study of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory', Social Studies of Science, 1984, pp. 197-224; L. Bailyn, 'Autonomy in the industrial R&D labs', Human Resource Management, 1985, pp. 129-46; F. A. Dubinskas, 'Janus organization: scientists and managers in genetic engineering firms', in F. A. Dubinskas (ed.), Making Time, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1988; P. F. Meiksins and J. M. Watson, 'Professional autonomy and organizational constraint: the case of engineers', The Sociological Quarterly, 1989, pp. 561-85; R. Varma, 'Professional autonomy vs industrial control?', Science as Culture, 1999, pp. 23-45.
-
(1984)
Social Studies of Science
, pp. 197-224
-
-
Sutton, J.R.1
-
9
-
-
84977397973
-
Autonomy in the industrial R&D labs
-
J. R. Sutton, 'Organizational autonomy and professional norms in science: a case study of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory', Social Studies of Science, 1984, pp. 197-224; L. Bailyn, 'Autonomy in the industrial R&D labs', Human Resource Management, 1985, pp. 129-46; F. A. Dubinskas, 'Janus organization: scientists and managers in genetic engineering firms', in F. A. Dubinskas (ed.), Making Time, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1988; P. F. Meiksins and J. M. Watson, 'Professional autonomy and organizational constraint: the case of engineers', The Sociological Quarterly, 1989, pp. 561-85; R. Varma, 'Professional autonomy vs industrial control?', Science as Culture, 1999, pp. 23-45.
-
(1985)
Human Resource Management
, pp. 129-146
-
-
Bailyn, L.1
-
10
-
-
0002987774
-
Janus organization: Scientists and managers in genetic engineering firms
-
F. A. Dubinskas (ed.), Temple University Press, Philadelphia
-
J. R. Sutton, 'Organizational autonomy and professional norms in science: a case study of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory', Social Studies of Science, 1984, pp. 197-224; L. Bailyn, 'Autonomy in the industrial R&D labs', Human Resource Management, 1985, pp. 129-46; F. A. Dubinskas, 'Janus organization: scientists and managers in genetic engineering firms', in F. A. Dubinskas (ed.), Making Time, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1988; P. F. Meiksins and J. M. Watson, 'Professional autonomy and organizational constraint: the case of engineers', The Sociological Quarterly, 1989, pp. 561-85; R. Varma, 'Professional autonomy vs industrial control?', Science as Culture, 1999, pp. 23-45.
-
(1988)
Making Time
-
-
Dubinskas, F.A.1
-
11
-
-
84984075243
-
Professional autonomy and organizational constraint: The case of engineers
-
J. R. Sutton, 'Organizational autonomy and professional norms in science: a case study of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory', Social Studies of Science, 1984, pp. 197-224; L. Bailyn, 'Autonomy in the industrial R&D labs', Human Resource Management, 1985, pp. 129-46; F. A. Dubinskas, 'Janus organization: scientists and managers in genetic engineering firms', in F. A. Dubinskas (ed.), Making Time, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1988; P. F. Meiksins and J. M. Watson, 'Professional autonomy and organizational constraint: the case of engineers', The Sociological Quarterly, 1989, pp. 561-85; R. Varma, 'Professional autonomy vs industrial control?', Science as Culture, 1999, pp. 23-45.
-
(1989)
The Sociological Quarterly
, pp. 561-585
-
-
Meiksins, P.F.1
Watson, J.M.2
-
12
-
-
84988881450
-
Professional autonomy vs industrial control?'
-
J. R. Sutton, 'Organizational autonomy and professional norms in science: a case study of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory', Social Studies of Science, 1984, pp. 197-224; L. Bailyn, 'Autonomy in the industrial R&D labs', Human Resource Management, 1985, pp. 129-46; F. A. Dubinskas, 'Janus organization: scientists and managers in genetic engineering firms', in F. A. Dubinskas (ed.), Making Time, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1988; P. F. Meiksins and J. M. Watson, 'Professional autonomy and organizational constraint: the case of engineers', The Sociological Quarterly, 1989, pp. 561-85; R. Varma, 'Professional autonomy vs industrial control?', Science as Culture, 1999, pp. 23-45.
-
(1999)
Science as Culture
, pp. 23-45
-
-
Varma, R.1
-
13
-
-
0005814982
-
Selecting R&D programs and objectives
-
See L. W. Steele, 'Selecting R&D programs and objectives', Research Technology Management, 1988, pp. 17-36.
-
(1988)
Research Technology Management
, pp. 17-36
-
-
Steele, L.W.1
-
15
-
-
84981661869
-
Idea-generation for industrial firms - Report on an international investigation
-
H. Schlicksupp, 'Idea-generation for industrial firms - report on an international investigation', R&D Management, 1977, pp. 61-9.
-
(1977)
R&D Management
, pp. 61-69
-
-
Schlicksupp, H.1
-
16
-
-
0016510343
-
Information and needs in idea generation
-
K. Holt, 'Information and needs in idea generation', Research Management, 1975, pp. 24-7.
-
(1975)
Research Management
, pp. 24-27
-
-
Holt, K.1
-
17
-
-
0013088675
-
Idea generation: A Procrustean bed of variables, hypotheses, and implications
-
B. V. Dean and J. L. Goldman (eds), North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam
-
N. R. Baker, E. P. Winkofsky, L. Langmeyer and D. J. Sweeney, 'Idea generation: a Procrustean bed of variables, hypotheses, and implications', in B. V. Dean and J. L. Goldman (eds), Management of Research and Innovation, North-Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, 1980.
-
(1980)
Management of Research and Innovation
-
-
Baker, N.R.1
Winkofsky, E.P.2
Langmeyer, L.3
Sweeney, D.J.4
-
18
-
-
0001892907
-
Rethinking research
-
See E. Corcoran, 'Rethinking research', Scientific American, 1991, pp. 136-9; R. Varma, 'Restructuring corporate R&D: from autonomous to linkage model', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1995, pp. 231-47.
-
(1991)
Scientific American
, pp. 136-139
-
-
Corcoran, E.1
-
19
-
-
0029514840
-
Restructuring corporate R&D: From autonomous to linkage model
-
See E. Corcoran, 'Rethinking research', Scientific American, 1991, pp. 136-9; R. Varma, 'Restructuring corporate R&D: from autonomous to linkage model', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1995, pp. 231-47.
-
(1995)
Technology Analysis & Strategic Management
, pp. 231-247
-
-
Varma, R.1
-
20
-
-
0030193910
-
Increasing R&D effectiveness: Researchers as business people
-
See W. A. B. Purdon, 'Increasing R&D effectiveness: researchers as business people', Research Technology Management, 1996, pp. 15-18; L. S. Edelheit, 'GE's R&D strategy: be vital', Research Technology Management, 1998, pp. 21-7.
-
(1996)
Research Technology Management
, pp. 15-18
-
-
Purdon, W.A.B.1
-
21
-
-
0032025519
-
GE's R&D strategy: Be vital
-
See W. A. B. Purdon, 'Increasing R&D effectiveness: researchers as business people', Research Technology Management, 1996, pp. 15-18; L. S. Edelheit, 'GE's R&D strategy: be vital', Research Technology Management, 1998, pp. 21-7.
-
(1998)
Research Technology Management
, pp. 21-27
-
-
Edelheit, L.S.1
-
22
-
-
84982719300
-
An application-oriented guide to R&D project selection and evaluation methods
-
P. Fahrni and M. Spatig, 'An application-oriented guide to R&D project selection and evaluation methods', R&D Management, 1990, pp. 155-71.
-
(1990)
R&D Management
, pp. 155-171
-
-
Fahrni, P.1
Spatig, M.2
-
23
-
-
84981566276
-
Experimental test of a Q-sort procedure for prioritizing R&D projects
-
A. F. Helin and W. E. Souder, 'Experimental test of a Q-sort procedure for prioritizing R&D projects', R&D Management, 1974, pp. 99-104.
-
(1974)
R&D Management
, pp. 99-104
-
-
Helin, A.F.1
Souder, W.E.2
-
24
-
-
0007716674
-
Project selection checklists for research, product development, and process development
-
R. H. Becker, 'Project selection checklists for research, product development, and process development', Research Management, 1980, pp. 34-6.
-
(1980)
Research Management
, pp. 34-36
-
-
Becker, R.H.1
-
25
-
-
84982733176
-
Technological aspects of project selection
-
R. Horesh and B. Raz, 'Technological aspects of project selection', R&D Management, 1982, pp. 133-40.
-
(1982)
R&D Management
, pp. 133-140
-
-
Horesh, R.1
Raz, B.2
-
26
-
-
0348085658
-
Evaluating R&D projects
-
B. Jackson, 'Evaluating R&D projects', Research Management, 1983, pp. 16-22.
-
(1983)
Research Management
, pp. 16-22
-
-
Jackson, B.1
-
28
-
-
0021394917
-
Evaluating and selecting research projects by scoring
-
F. Krawiec, 'Evaluating and selecting research projects by scoring', Research Management, 1984, pp. 21-5.
-
(1984)
Research Management
, pp. 21-25
-
-
Krawiec, F.1
-
29
-
-
84982719867
-
Developing an expert system on project evaluation
-
A. Wilkinson, 'Developing an expert system on project evaluation', R&D Management, 1991, pp. 19-30, 207-14, 309-18.
-
(1991)
R&D Management
, pp. 19-30
-
-
Wilkinson, A.1
-
33
-
-
0003590126
-
-
The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
-
A. Abbott, The System of Professions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1988.
-
(1988)
The System of Professions
-
-
Abbott, A.1
-
35
-
-
0004216477
-
-
Harper & Brothers, New York
-
S. Marcson, The Scientist in American Industry, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1960; W. Komhauser, Scientists in Industry: Conflict and Accommodation, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1962; G. A. Miller, 'Professionals in bureaucracy: alienation among industrial scientists and engineers', in R. H. Hall (ed.), The Formal Organization, Basic Books, New York, 1972.
-
(1960)
The Scientist in American Industry
-
-
Marcson, S.1
-
36
-
-
0004209497
-
-
University of California Press, Berkeley
-
S. Marcson, The Scientist in American Industry, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1960; W. Komhauser, Scientists in Industry: Conflict and Accommodation, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1962; G. A. Miller, 'Professionals in bureaucracy: alienation among industrial scientists and engineers', in R. H. Hall (ed.), The Formal Organization, Basic Books, New York, 1972.
-
(1962)
Scientists in Industry: Conflict and Accommodation
-
-
Komhauser, W.1
-
37
-
-
13044271486
-
Professionals in bureaucracy: Alienation among industrial scientists and engineers
-
R. H. Hall (ed.), Basic Books, New York
-
S. Marcson, The Scientist in American Industry, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1960; W. Komhauser, Scientists in Industry: Conflict and Accommodation, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1962; G. A. Miller, 'Professionals in bureaucracy: alienation among industrial scientists and engineers', in R. H. Hall (ed.), The Formal Organization, Basic Books, New York, 1972.
-
(1972)
The Formal Organization
-
-
Miller, G.A.1
-
41
-
-
85169776912
-
-
Raelin, op. cit.; S. B. Bacharuch, P. Bamberger and S. C. Conley, 'Negotiating the see saw of managerial strategy: a resurrection of the study of professionals in organizational theory', Research in the Sociology of Organization, 1991.
-
Science, Industry and Society
-
-
Raelin1
-
42
-
-
84928833660
-
Negotiating the see saw of managerial strategy: A resurrection of the study of professionals in organizational theory
-
Raelin, op. cit.; S. B. Bacharuch, P. Bamberger and S. C. Conley, 'Negotiating the see saw of managerial strategy: a resurrection of the study of professionals in organizational theory', Research in the Sociology of Organization, 1991.
-
(1991)
Research in the Sociology of Organization
-
-
Bacharuch, S.B.1
Bamberger, P.2
Conley, S.C.3
-
45
-
-
0002034724
-
Academic research and industrial innovation
-
E. Mansfield, 'Academic research and industrial innovation', Research Policy, 1991, pp. 1-12; E. Mansfield, 'Academic research and industrial innovation: a further note', Research Policy, 1992, pp. 295-6.
-
(1991)
Research Policy
, pp. 1-12
-
-
Mansfield, E.1
-
46
-
-
0000586403
-
Academic research and industrial innovation: A further note
-
E. Mansfield, 'Academic research and industrial innovation', Research Policy, 1991, pp. 1-12; E. Mansfield, 'Academic research and industrial innovation: a further note', Research Policy, 1992, pp. 295-6.
-
(1992)
Research Policy
, pp. 295-296
-
-
Mansfield, E.1
-
50
-
-
84981580041
-
R&D project selection models: An assessment
-
N. R. Baker, 'R&D project selection models: an assessment', R&D Management, 1974, pp. 105-111; Steele, op. cit.
-
(1974)
R&D Management
, pp. 105-111
-
-
Baker, N.R.1
-
51
-
-
85169777787
-
-
N. R. Baker, 'R&D project selection models: an assessment', R&D Management, 1974, pp. 105-111; Steele, op. cit.
-
R&D Management
-
-
Steele1
|