A large eddy simulation model with explicit microphysics: Validation against aircraft observations of a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 13, 1999, Pages 2115-2131

  Khairoutdinov, Marat F ^a   Kogan, Yefim L ^b  

^a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; COAGULATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; KINETIC ENERGY; TURBULENT FLOW;

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; MICROPHYSICS; STRATOCUMULUS-TOPPED BOUNDARY LAYER;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

BOUNDARY LAYER; EDDY; NUMERICAL METHOD; STRATOCUMULUS;

EID: 0032695408     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2115:ALESMW>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs, 1995: A model for particle microphysics, turbulent mixing, and radiative transfer in the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer and comparison with measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1204-1236.
2. Albrecht, B. A., 1989: Aerosol, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245, 1227-1230.
3. _, C. S. Bretherton, D. Johnson, W. H. Schubert, and A. S. Frisch, 1995: The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment - ASTEX. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 889-904.
4. Austin, P., Y. Wang, R. Pincus, and V. Kujala, 1995: Precipitation in stratocumulus clouds: Observational and modeling results. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 2329-2352.
5. Baker, M. B., 1993: Variability in concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine cloud-topped boundary layer. Tellus. 45B, 458-472.
6. Berry, E. X., and R. L. Reinhardt, 1974: An analysis of cloud drop growth by collection: Part III. Accretion and self-collection. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2118-2126.
7. Bretherton, C. S., and R. Pincus, 1995: Cloudiness and marine boundary layer dynamics in the ASTEX Lagrangian experiments. Part I: Synoptic setting and vertical structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2707-2723.
8. _, and Coauthors, 1999: An intercomparison of radiatively-driven entrainment and turbulence in a smoke cloud, as simulated by different numerical models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 391-423.
9. Brost, R. A., D. H. Lenschow, and J. C. Wyngaard, 1982: Marine stratocumulus layers. Part I: Mean conditions. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 800-817.
10. Businger, J. A., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and E. F. Bradley, 1971: Flux-profile relationship in the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 181-189.
11. Charnock, H., 1955: Wind stress on a water surface. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 81, 639-640.
12. Chen, C., and W. R. Cotton, 1987: The physics of the marine stratocumulus-capped mixed layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2951-2977.
13. Deardorff, J. W., 1980: Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Bound-Layer Meteor., 18, 495-527.
14. Duchan, C.E., 1979: Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1016-1022.
15. Duynkerke, P. G., H. Zhang, and P. J. Jonker, 1995: Microphysics and turbulent structure of nocturnal stratocumulus as observed during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2763-2777.
16. Feingold, G., B. Stevens, W. R. Cotton, and R. L. Walko, 1994: An explicit cloud microphysical/LES model designed to simulate the Twomey effect. Atmos. Res., 33, 207-233.
17. _, _, _, and A. S. Frisch, 1996: The relationship between drop residence time and drizzle production in numerically simulated stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1108-1122.
18. _, R. L. Walko, W. R. Cotton, and B. Stevens, 1998: Simulations of marine stratocumulus using a new microphysics parameterization scheme. Atmos. Res., 47-48, 505-528.
19. Gerber, H., 1996: Microphysics of marine stratocumulus clouds with two drizzle modes. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1649-1662.
20. Kazakov, A. L., and G. L. Lazariev, 1978: Parameterization of atmospheric surface layer and the active soil layer. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 14, 186-191.
21. Khain, A. P., and M. B. Pinsky, 1995: Drops' inertia and its contribution to turbulent coalescence in convective clouds: Part I: Drops' fall in the flow with random horizontal velocity. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 196-206.
22. Kogan, Y. L., 1978: A three-dimensional numerical model of a liquid-drop cumulus cloud that takes account of microphysics processes. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 14, 617-623.
23. _, 1991: The simulation of a convective cloud in a 3-D model with explicit microphysics. Part I: Model description and sensitivity experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1160-1189.
24. _, D. K. Lilly, Z. N. Kogan, and V. V. Filyushkin, 1994: The effect of CCN regeneration on the evolution of stratocumulus cloud layers. J. Atmos. Res., 33, 137-150.
25. _, M. P. Khairoutdinov, D. K. Lilly, Z. N. Kogan, and Q. Liu, 1995: Modeling of stratocumulus cloud layers in a large eddy simulation model with explicit microphysics. J. Atmos. Sci, 52, 2923-2940.
26. Kovetz, A., and B. Olund, 1969: The effect of coalescence and condensation on rain formation in a cloud of finite vertical extent. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1060-1065.
27. Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 294-309.
28. Liu, Q.-F., Y. L. Kogan, D. K. Lilly, and M. P. Khairoutdinov, 1997: Variational optimization method for calculation of cloud drop growth in an Eulerian drop-size framework. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2493-2504.
29. Martin, G. M., D. W. Johnson, and A. Spice, 1994: The measurement and parameterization of effective radius of droplets in warm stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 51, 1823-1842.
30. Mason, P., 1994: Large eddy simulations: A critical review of the technique. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1-26.
31. Moeng, C.-H., 1984: A large-eddy simulation model for the study of planetary boundary layer turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2052-2062.
32. _, 1986: Large-eddy simulation of a stratus-topped boundary layer. Part I: Structure and budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2886-2900.
33. _, D. H. Lenschow, and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical investigations of the roles of radiative and evaporative feedbacks in stratocumulus entrainment and breakup. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2869-2883.
34. _, and Coauthors, 1996: Simulation of a stratocumulus-topped planetary layer: Intercomparison among different numerical codes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 261-278.
35. Montoya, G. G. J., A. J. C. Sampaio, and F. C. Almeida, 1995: An analysis of the effect of decreasing the size resolution in two techniques to solve the stochastic collection equation for growing cloud drops. Atmos. Res., 35, 173-188.
36. Nicholls, S., 1984: The dynamics of stratocumulus: Aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed-layer model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 783-820.
37. _, 1987: A model of drizzle growth in warm, turbulent clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 1141-1170.
38. _, and J. Leighton, 1986: An observational study of the structure of stratiform cloud sheets: Part I. Structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 431-460.
39. Ochs, H. T., III, 1978: Moment-conserving techniques for warm-cloud microphysics computations. Part II: Model testing and results. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1959-1973.
40. Paluch, I. R., and D. H. Lenschow, 1991: Stratiform cloud formation in the marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2141-2158.
41. Pincus, R., and M. B. Baker, 1994: Effect of precipitation on the albedo susceptibility of clouds in the marine boundary layer. Nature, 372, 250-252.
42. Roach, W. T., 1976: On the effect of radiative exchange on the growth by condensation of a cloud or fog droplet. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 361-372.
43. _, and A. Slingo, 1979: A high resolution infrared radiative transfer scheme to study the interaction of radiation with cloud. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 603-614.
44. Smolarkiewicz, P. K., and W. W. Grabowski, 1990: The multi-dimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm: Non-oscillatory option. J. Comput. Phys., 86, 355-375.
45. Stevens, B., G. Feingold, W. R. Cotton, and R. L. Walko. 1996a: Elements of microphysical structure of numerically simulated nonprecipitating stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 980-1006.
46. _, R. L. Walko, W. R. Cotton, and G. Feingold, 1996b: The spurious production of cloud-edge supersaturation by Eulerian models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1034-1041.
47. Tremback, C. J., J. Powell, W. R. Cotton, and R. A. Pielke, 1987: The forward-in-time upstream advection scheme: Extension to higher orders. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 540-555.
48. Turton, J., and S. Nicholls. 1987: A study of the diurnal variation of stratocumulus using a multiple mixed-layer model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 969-1011.
49. Wang, S., and Q. Wang, 1994: Roles of drizzle in a one-dimensional third-order turbulence closure model of the nocturnal stratus-topped marine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1559-1576.
50. Wyant, M. C., C. S. Bretherton, H. A. Rand, and D. E. Stevens, 1997: Numerical simulation and conceptual model of the stratocumulus to trade cumulus transition. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 168-192.