Strategies for biological of exposure for contemporary-use pesticides

Toxicology and Industrial Health

Volumn 15, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 168-179

  Barr, Dana B ^a   Barr, John R ^a   Driskell, W Jack ^a   Hill Jr , Robert H ^a   Ashley, David L ^a   Needham, Larry L ^a   Head, Susan L ^a   Sampson, Eric J ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological monitoring; Contemporary use pesticides; Exposure; Internal dose; Pharmacokinetics; Reference ranges

Indexed keywords

ALACHLOR; ATRAZINE; CARBARIL; FOLPET; INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL; MALATHION; PESTICIDE; PHORATE;

ANALYTIC METHOD; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BLOOD LEVEL; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMAN; REFERENCE VALUE; TECHNIQUE; UNITED STATES; URINE LEVEL; ADULT; ARTICLE; METHODOLOGY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ADULT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PESTICIDES; REFERENCE VALUES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0032603062     PISSN: 07482337     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/074823399678846556     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (57)

1. Ademola, J.I., Wester, R.C., and Maibach, H.I. (1993). "Absorption and metabolism of 2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (butachlor) in human skin in vitro." Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 121(1):78-86.
2. Aizawa, H. (1982). Metabolic Maps of Pesticides. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL.
3. Aizawa, H. (1989). Metabolic Maps of Pesticides. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA.
4. Alavanja, M.C., Akland, G., Baird, D., Blair, A., Bond, A., Dosemeci, M., Kamel, F., Lewis, R., Lubin, J., Lynch, C., McMaster, S.B., Moore, M., Pennybacker, M., Ritz, L., Rothman, N., Rowland, A., Sandler, D., Sinha, R., Swanson, C., Tarone, R., Weinberg, C., and Zahm, S.H. (1994). "Cancer and noncancer risk to women in agriculture and pest control: the Agricultural Health Study." J. Occup. Med. 36(11):1247-1250.
5. Alavanja, M.C., Sandler, D.P., McMaster, S.B., Zahm, S.H., McDonnell, C.J., Lynch, C.F., Pennybacker, M., Rothman, N., Dosemeci, M., Bond, A.E., and Blair, A. (1996). "The Agricultural Health Study." Environ. Health Perspect. 104(4):362-369.
6. Ashley, D.L., Bonin, M.A., Cardinali, F.L., McCraw, J.M., Holler, J.S., Needham, L.L., and Patterson, D.G., Jr. (1992). "Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample population by using purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry." Anal. Chem. 64(9): 1021-1029.
7. Aspelin, A.L. (1997). Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage: 1994 and 1995 Market Estimates (Report No. 733-R-97-002). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
8. Barr, D.B. and Ashley, D.L. (1998). "A rapid, sensitive method for the quantification of N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy)-L-cysteine in human urine using isotope dilution HPLC-MS/MS." J. Anal. Toxicol. 22:96-104.
9. Barr, J.R., Barr, D.B., Patterson, D.G., Jr., and Bond, A.E. (1998). "Quantification of non-persistent pesticides in human samples by isotope dilution mass spectrometry." Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 66:3-10.
10. Baugher, D.G. (1994). "Validation of a pharmacokinetic model to predict exposure of ground boom mixer-loader-applicators to chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides." In: Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Pesticides (M.A. Saleh, J.N. Blancato, and C.H. Nauman, eds.). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 214-230.
11. Bernard, A. and Lauwerys, R. (1987). "General principles for biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals." In: Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals: Organic Compounds (M.H. Ho and H.K. Dillon, eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. pp. 1-16.
12. Bieniek, G. (1994). "The presence of 1-naphthol in the urine of industrial workers exposed to naphthalene." Occup. Environ. Med. 51:357-359.
13. Blair, A. (1990). "Herbicides and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: new evidence from a study of Saskatchewan farmers." J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82(7):544-545.
14. Blair, A. and Zahm, S.H. (1990). "Herbicides and cancer: a review and discussion of methodologic issues." Recent Results Cancer Res. 120:132-145.
15. Blair, A., Malker, H., Cantor, K.P., Burmeister, L., and Wiklund, K. (1985). "Cancer among farmers. A review." Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 11(6):397-407.
16. Braun, W.H., Blau, G.E., and Chenoweth, M.B. (1978). "The metabolism/pharmacokinetics of pentachlorophenol in man, and a comparison with the rat and monkey." Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45(1):278-285.
17. Burse, V.W., Patterson, D.G., Jr., Brock, J.W., and Needham, L.L. (1996). "Selected analytical methods used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for measuring environmental pollutants in serum." Toxicol. Ind. Health 12(3-4):481-498.
18. Chester, G. (1993). "Evaluation of agricultural worker exposure to, and absorption of, pesticides." Ann. Occup. Hyg. 37(5):509-523.
19. Cline, R.E., Hill, R.H., Jr., Phillips, D.L., and Needham, L.L. (1989). "Pentachlorophenol measurements in body fluids of people in log homes and workplaces." Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18(4):475-481.
20. Corner, E.D.S. and Young, L. (1997). "Biochemical studies of toxic agents: VII. The metabolism of naphthalene in animals of different species." Biochem. J. 58:647-655.
21. Dary, C.C., Blancato, J.N., Castles, M., Reddy, V., Cannon, M., Saleh, M.A., and Cash, G.G. (1994). "Dermal absorption and disposition of formulations of malathion in Sprague-Dawley rats and humans." In: Biomarkers of Human Exposure to Pesticides (M.A. Saleh, J.N. Blancato JN, and C.H. Nauman, eds.). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 231-263.
22. Davies, J.E., Davis, J.H., Frazier, D.E., Mann, J.B., and Welke, J.O. (1966). "Urinary p-nitrophenol concentrations in acute and chronic parathion exposures." In: Organic Pesticides in the Environment: A Symposium, 60 (A.A. Rosen and A.F. Kraybill, eds.). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 67-78.
23. Donna, A., Crosignani, P., Robutti, F., Betta, P.G., Bocca, R., Mariani, N., Ferrario, F., Fissi, R., and Berrino, F. (1989). "Triazine herbicides and ovarian epithelial neoplasms." Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 15(1):47-53.
24. Draper, W.M. and Street, J.C. (1982). "Applicator exposure to 2,4-D, dicamba, and a dicamba isomer." J. Environ. Sci. Health B17(4):321-339.
25. Driskell, W.J. and Hill, R.H., Jr. (1997). "Identification of a major human urinary metabolite of metolachlor by LC-MS/MS." Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 58(6):929-933.
26. Driskell, W.J., Hill, R.H., Jr., Shealy, D.B., Hull, R.D., and Hines, C.J. (1996). "Identification of a major human urinary metabolite of alachlor by LC-MS/MS." Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56(6):853-859.
27. Durham, W.F., Wolfe, H.R., and Elliott, J.W. (1972). "Absorption and excretion of parathion by spraymen." Arch. Environ. Health 24(6):381-387.
28. Frank, R., Campbell, R.A., and Sirons, G.J. (1985). "Forestry workers involved in aerial application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D): exposure and urinary excretion." Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14:427-435.
29. Goldman, L.R. (1998). "Linking research and policy to ensure children's environmental health." Environ. Health Perspect. 106(Suppl 3):857-862.
30. Hill, R.H., Jr., To, T., Holler, J.S., Fast, D.M., Smith, S.J., Needham, L.L., and Binder, S. (1989). "Residues of chlorinated phenols and phenoxy acid herbicides in the urine of Arkansas children." Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18(4):469-474.
31. Hill, R.H., Jr., Shealy, D.B., Head, S.L., Williams, C.C., Bailey, S.L., Gregg, M., Baker, S.E., and Needham, L.L. (1995a). "Determination of pesticide metabolites in human urine using an isotope dilution technique and tandem mass spectrometry." J. Anal. Toxicol. 19(5):323-329.
32. Hill, R.H., Jr., Ashley, D.L., Head, S.L., Needham, L.L., and Pirkle, J.L. (1995b). "p-Dichlorobenzene exposure among 1000 adults in the United States." Arch. Environ. Health 50(4):277-280.
33. Hill, R.H., Jr., Head, S.L., Baker, S., Gregg, M., Shealy, D.B., Bailey, S.L., Williams, C.C., Sampson, E.J., and Needham, L.L. (1995c). "Pesticide residues in urine of adults living in the United States: reference range concentrations." Environ. Res. 71(2):99-108.
34. Hill, R.H., Jr., Head, S.L., Baker, S.E., Rubin, C., Esteban, E., Bailey, S.L., Shealy, D.B., and Needham, L.L. (1996). "The use of reference range concentrations in environmental health investigations." In: Biomarkers for Agrochemicals and Toxic Substances, 643 (J.N. Blancato, R.N. Brown, C.C. Dary, and M.A. Saleh, eds.). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. pp. 39-48.
35. Holler, J.S., Fast, D.M., Hill, R.H., Jr., Cardinali, F.L., Todd, G.D., McCraw, J.M., Bailey, S.L., and Needham, L.L. (1989). "Quantification of selected herbicides and chlorinated phenols in urine by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry." J. Anal. Toxicol. 13(3):152-157.
36. Knaak, J.B., Tallant, M.J., Kozbelt, S.J., and Sullivan, L.J. (1968). "The metabolism of carbaryl in man, monkey, pig, and sheep." J. Agric. Food Chem. 16(3):465-470.
37. Knopp, D. (1994). "Assessment of exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the chemical industry: results of a five-year biological monitoring study." Occup. Environ. Med 51:152-159.
38. Knopp, D. and Glass, S. (1991). "Biological monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-exposed workers in agriculture and forestry." Intl. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 63(5):329-333.
39. Kohli, J.D., Khanna, R.N., Gupta, B.N., Dhar, M.M., Tandon, J.S., and Sircar, K.P. (1974a). "Absorption and excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in man." Xenobiotica 4(2):97-100.
40. Kohli, J.D., Khanna, R.N., Gupta, B.N., Dhar, M.M., Tandon, J.S., and Sircar, K.P. (1974b). "Absorption and excretion of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid in man." Arch. Intl. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 210(2):250-255.
41. Kolmodin-Hedman, B. and Erne, K. (1980). "Estimation of occupational exposure to phenoxy acids." Arch. Toxicol. 4(Suppl.):318-321.
42. Lauwerys, R.R. and Hoet, P. (1993). Industrial Chemical Exposure: Guidelines for Biological Monitoring. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
43. Needham, L.L., Ashley, D.L., and Patterson, D.G., Jr. (1995). "Case studies of the use of biomarkers to assess exposures." Toxicol. Lett. 82-83:373-378.
44. Nigg, H.N. and Stamper, J.H. (1983). "Exposure of Florida airboat aquatic weed applicators to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)." Chemosphere 12(2):209-215.
45. Pirkle, J.L., Sampson, E.J., Needham, L.L., Patterson, D.G., and Ashley, D.L. (1995). "Using biological monitoring to assess human exposure to priority toxicants." Environ. Health Perspect. 103(Suppl. 3):45-48.
46. Sever, L.E., Arbuckle, T.E., and Sweeney, A. (1997). "Reproductive and developmental effects of occupational pesticide exposure: the epidemiologic evidence." Occup. Med. 12(2):305-325.
47. Shealy, D.B., Bonin, M.A., Wooten, J.V., Ashley, D.L., and Needham, L.L. (1996). "Application of an improved method for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in the urine of farmer applicators and their families." Environ. Intl. 22(6):661-675.
48. Shealy, D.B., Barr, J.R., Ashley, D.L., Patterson, D.G., Camann, D.E., and Bond, A.E. (1997). "Correlation of environmental carbaryl measurements with serum and urinary 1-naphthol measurements in a farmer applicator and his family." Environ. Health Perspect. 105(5):510-513.
49. Sherman, J.D. (1995). "Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)-associated birth defects: a proposed syndrome, report of four cases, and discussion of the toxicology." Intl. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 4(4):417-431.
50. Tarone, R.E., Alavanja, M.C., Zahm, S.H., Lubin, J.H., Sandler, D.P., McMaster, S.B., Rothman, N., and Blair, A. (1997). "The Agricultural Health Study: Factors affecting completion and return of self-administered questionnaires in a large prospective cohort study of pesticide applicators." Am. J. Ind. Med. 31(2):233-242.
51. Tilson, H.A. (1998). "Developmental neurotoxicology of endocrine disruptors and pesticides: identification of information gaps and research needs." Environ. Health Perspect. 106(Suppl. 3):807-811.
52. Vineis, P., Terracini, B., Ciccone, G., Cignetti, A., Colombo, E., Donna, A., Maffi, L., Pisa, R., Ricci, P., Zanini, E., and Comba, P. (1987). "Phenoxy herbicides and soft-tissue sarcomas in female rice weeders. A population-based case-referent study." Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 13(1):9-17.
53. Vural, N. and Burgaz, S. (1984). "A gas Chromatographic method for the determination of 2,4-D residues in urine after occupational exposure." Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 33:518-524.
54. Wolfe, H.R., Armstrong, J.F., Staiff, D.C., Comer, S.W., and Durham, W.F. (1975). "Exposure of apple thinners to parathion residues." Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 3(3):257-267.
55. Xiao, K.Z., Ni, H.Y., Wu, Y.Q., Bao, G.Z., and Zhang, Z.Y. (1992). "A preliminary etiological investigation of neural tube defects in 29 provinces of China: a case-control study of possible risk factors for mothers exposed during early pregnancy." Teratology 45(3):326.
56. Zahm, S.H. and Blair, A. (1992). "Pesticides and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." Cancer Res. 52(19 Suppl.):5485s-5488s.
57. Zahm, S.H., Weisenburger, D.D., Babbitt, P.A., Saal, R.C., Vaught, J.B., Cantor, K.P., and Blair, A. (1990). "A case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in eastern Nebraska." Epidemiology 1(5):349-356.