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Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Iie; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q. Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr
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J. Hammer et al., J. Exp. Med. 180, 2353 (1994); K. W. Marshall et al., J. Immunol. 154, 5927 (1995). Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A, Ala; C, Cys; D, Asp; E, Glu; F, Phe; G, Gly; H, His; I, Iie; K, Lys; L, Leu; M, Met; N, Asn; P, Pro; Q. Gln; R, Arg; S, Ser; T, Thr; V, Val; W, Trp; and Y, Tyr.
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L 20-mer (ELQKKIYVIEGTSKQDLTSF) was purchased from Research Genetics
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Ito, K.1
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3542993445
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note
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5 cells per well (human) and OspA or OspA peptides (10 μg/ml), hLFA-1 (70 ng/ml), or anti-CD3 supernatant] to T-Spot plates (Autoimmune Diagnostika) precoated with capture monoclonal antibody to IFN-γ (4 μg/ml) and blocked with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Plates were washed at 24 hours and probed with a sandwich biotinylated antibody to IFN-γ. Spots were detected with an anti-biotin alkaline phosphatase (AP) (murine ElisaSpot) or streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (human ElisaSpot) with detection enzyme reactions of either NBT/BCIP (Pierce) or 3-amino-9-ethylcarbzole and N,N-dimethylformamide (Pierce/Fisher), generating purple or red spots, respectively. Scores were determined by the Series I T-Spot Image analyzer (Autoimmune Diagnostika) as the difference between the number of spots produced with and without antigen. OspA protein was a kind gift from B. Lade and J. Dunn (Brookhaven National Lab) and purified hLFA-1 was a kind gift from D. Staunton (ICOS Corporation). Human spinal chord extract was prepared according to standard procedures. The following antibodies were used for murine in vitro assays: 145.2C11 (murine antibody) or OKT3 (human antibody), CD3 antibody (hybridoma supernatant); R4-6A2, coat, IFN-γ antibody and XMG1.2, capture, biotinylated IFN-γ antibody (PharMingen); biotin-AP antibody (Vector). The following antibodies were used for human in vitro assays: OKT3, CD3 antibody (hybridoma supernatant); coat, IFN-γ antibody, and capture, biotinylated IFN-γ antibody (Endogen); streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (Zymed).
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3543039022
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unpublished results
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D. Gross et al., unpublished results.
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Gross, D.1
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22
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0029057848
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B10.m/Sn mice transgenic for DRB1*0101 were a kind gift from D. Zaller (Merck Research Laboratories); S. Feng, S. W. Barthold, L. K. Bockenstedt, D. M. Zaller, E. Fikrig, J. Infect. Dis. 172, 286 (1995).
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3542991664
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note
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We studied 11 patients (7 male, 4 female; between 12 and 40 years old) with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis and 9 control patients (4 male, 5 female; between 17 and 78 years old) with RA or other forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis. All Lyme patients met the case definition of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for diagnosis of Lyme disease. They had arthritis affecting the knee and serologic reactivity with B. burgdorferi by ELISA and protein blotting. The 11 Lyme arthritis patients and 5 of the control patients were evaluated in the Lyme Disease Clinic at New England Medical Center (NEMC). The remaining 3 RA (patients 12, 13, and 15) and 1 psoriatic (patient 19) control patients' samples were a generous gift from R. Schumacher (Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical School). The protocol was approved by the Human Investigations Committee, and informed consent was obtained from each subject. Patients with Lyme arthritis were treated with both oral and intravenous antibiotic regimens. The duration of arthritis after antibiotic therapy ranged from 2 to 33 months. High-resolution HLA-DR typing with sequence-specific amplification was performed by the Clinical Laboratory of Immunology (NEMC) and by Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe (University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC). Patient DRB1 alleles are as follows: 10, 0102 and 1501; 6, 0102 and 1501; 5, 0401 and 1501; 7, 0701 and 1601; 2, 0301 and 1201; 1, 1 and 11; 4, 14 and 15; 11, 0401 and 0401; 8, 0402 and 7; 9, 0301 and 1302; 3, 0404 and 13, 12, 0401 and 1; 13, 15 and 7; 16, 4; 15, 0401 and 7; 17, 4 and 17; 18, 11, 3, or 13; 20, 1 and 13. Insufficient DNA was available from patients 14 and 19, so DR typing was not performed on them.
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27
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3543027048
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note
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164-183 (except for patients 1 and 2). Responses ranged from 254 to 2552 cpm (background) and from 2275 to 56,725 cpm (antigen).
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28
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3543007927
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note
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We thank L. Glickstein, J. Coburn, K. Yardley, N. Sutkowski, C. Tay, and R. Seward for assistance in preparation of the manuscript; R. Schumacher, E. Massaroti, R. Kalish, and A. Vaz for acquisition of control patients' synovial fluid; D. Zaller for providing the DRB1*0101-tg mice; and D. Staunton for provision of purified hLFA-1. Supported by Biological Research Grants from The Arthritis Foundation (B.T.H. and A.C.S.), NIH grant RO1 AR20358, The Mathers Foundation, and the Eshe Fund (A.C.S.).
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