Principles of epidemiological research on adverse and beneficial drug effects

Lancet

Volumn 352, Issue 9142, 1998, Pages 1767-1770

  Jick, Hershel ^a   Rodríguez, Luis A García ^b   Pérez Gutthann, Susanne ^c  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Ctro Espanol de Metrologia   (Spain)

^c Novartis Farmaceutica SA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL STUDY; COVARIANCE; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MEDICAL INFORMATION; OBSERVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH;

EID: 0032576432     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)04350-5     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. 1 Parley TMM, Meirik O, Chang CL, Marmot MG, Poulter NR. Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. Lancet 1995; 346: 1582-88.
2. 2 Jick H, Jick SS, Gurewich V, Myers MW, Vasilakis C. Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptive with differing progestagen components. Lancet 1995; 346: 1589-93.
3. 3 Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR, Helmerhorst FM, Buller HR, Vandenbroucke JP. Enhancement by factor V Leiden mutation of risk of deep-vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestogen. Lancet 1995; 346: 1593-96.
4. 4 Farmer RDT, Lawrenson RA, Thompson CR, Kennedy JG, Hambleton IR. Population-based study of risk of venous thromboembolism associated wtih various oral contraceptives. Lancet 1997; 349: 83-88.
5. 5 Lidegaard O, Edstrom B, Kreiner S. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism. WHO Technical Report Series 877. Geneva: WHO, 1998.
6. 6 Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1996; 348: 429-32.
7. 7 Brenner DE, Kukull WA, Stergachis A, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a population-based case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140: 262-67.
8. 8 Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction association with antihypertensive therapies. JAMA 1995; 274: 620-25.
9. 9 Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Corti MC, Foley DJ, Carbonin P, Havlik RJ. Long-term survival and use of antihypertensive medications in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43: 1191-97.
10. 10 Jick H, Derby LE, Gurewich V, Vasilakis C. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug treatment in persons with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Pharmacotherapy 1996; 16: 321-26.
11. 11 Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, et al. Calcium-channel blockade and incidence of cancer in aged populations. Lancet 1996; 348: 493-97.
12. 12 Jick H, Jick SS, Derby LE, Vasilakis C, Myers MW, Meier CR. Calcium channel blockers and risk of cancer. Lancet 1997; 349: 525-28.
13. 13 Rosenberg L, Sowmya R, Palmer JR, et al. Calcium channel blockers and the risk of cancer. JAMA 1998; 279: 1000-04.
14. 14 Fitzpatrick AL, Daling JR, Furberg CD, Kronmal RA, Weissfeld JL. Use of calcium channel blockers and breast carcinoma risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer 1997; 80: 1438-47.
15. 15 Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Furberg CD, Carbonin P, Havlik RJ. Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with calcium antagonists in hypertensive persons over 67 years old. Lancet 1996; 347: 1061-65.
16. 16 Lindberg G, Bingefors K, Ranstam J, Råstam L, Melander A. Use of calcium channel blockers and risk of suicide: ecological findings confirmed in population based cohort study. BMJ 1998; 316: 741-45.
17. 17 Andersen K, Launer LJ, Ott A, Hoes AW, Breteler MMB, Hofman A. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease? Neurology 1995; 45: 1441-45.
18. 18 Stewart WF, Kawas C, Corrada M, Metter EJ. Risk of Alzheimer's disease and duration of NSAID use. Neurology 1997; 48: 626-32.
19. 19 Rich JB, Rasmussen DX, Folstein MF, Carson KA, Kawas C, Brandt J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995; 45: 51-55.
20. 20 Farmer RDT, Lawrenson RA. Third-generation oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 732-33.
21. 21 Jick H, Jick SS, Myers MW, Vasilakis C. Third-generation oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 731-32.
22. 22 Vandenbroucke JP, Helmerhorst FM, Bloemenkamp KWM, Rosendaal FR. Third-generation oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 731.
23. 23 Poulter NR, Chang CL, Marmot M, Farley TMM, Meirik O. Third-generation oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis. Lancet 1997; 349: 732.
24. 24 Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M. Calcium-channel blockers and risk of cancer. Lancet 1997; 349: 1400.
25. 25 Jick H. Calcium-channel blockers and risk of cancer. Lancet 1997; 349: 1699-700.
26. 26 Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
27. 27 Jick H, Derby LE. A large population-based follow-up study of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and cephalexin users for uncommon serious drug toxicity. Pharmacotherapy 1995; 15: 428-32.
28. 28 Jick H, Vessey MP. Case-control studies in the evaluation of drug-induced illness. Am J Epidemiol 1978; 107: 1-7.
29. 29 Helmrich SP, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, et al. Lack of an elevated risk of malignant melanoma in relation to oral contraceptive use. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984; 72: 617-20.
30. 30 Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. Functional ovarian cysts and oral contraceptives. JAMA 1974; 228: 68-69.
31. 31 Rosenberg L, Shapiro S, Slone D, Kaufman DW, Miettinen OS, Stolley PD. Thiazides and acute cholecystitis. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 546-48.
32. 32 Vessey MP, Doll R. Investigation of relation between use of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. BMJ 1969; 2: 651-57.
33. 33 Klemetti A, Saxen L. Prospective versus retrospective approach in the search for environmental causes of malformations. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1967; 57: 2071-75.
34. 34 Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Prospective study of exogenous hormones and risk of pulmonary embolism in women. Lancet 1996; 348: 983-87.
35. 35 Jick H, Watkins RN, Hunter JR, et al. Replacement estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med 1979; 300: 218-22.
36. 36 García Rodríguez LA, Walker AM, Pérez Gutthann S. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal hospitalizations in Saskatchewan: a cohort study. Epidemiology 1992; 3: 337-42.
37. 37 Griffin MR, Piper JM, Daugherty JR, Snowden M, Ray WA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 257-63.
38. 38 Jick H, Jick SS, Derby LE. Validation of information recorded in general practitioner based computerised data resource in the United Kingdom. BMJ 1991; 302: 766-68.
39. 39 Garret JE, Lanes SF, Kolbe J, Rea HH. Risk of severe life threatening asthma and beta agonist type: an example of confounding by severity. Thorax 1996; 51: 1093-99.
40. 40 Daly E, Vessey MP, Hawkins MM, Carson JL, Gough P, Marsh S. Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of hormone replacement therapy. Lancet 1996; 348: 977-80.
41. 41 Jick H, Derby LE, Myers MW, Vasilakis C, Newton KM. Risk of hospital admission for idiopathic venous thromboembolism among users of postmenopausal oestrogens. Lancet 1996; 348: 981-83.
42. 42 Pérez Gutthann S, García Rodríguez LA, Castellsague J, Duque Oliart A. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: population-based case-control study. BMJ 1997; 314: 796-800.
43. 43 Varas-Lorenzo C, García Rodríguez LA, Cattaruzi C, Troncon MG, Agostinis L, Pérez-Gutthann S. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism: a population-based study in southern Europe. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 387-90.
44. 44 Vandenbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR. End of the line for "third-generation pill" controversy? Lancet 1997; 349: 1113-14.
45. 45 Cuthbertson BH, Noble DW. Dopamine in oliguria. BMJ 1997; 314: 690-91.
46. 46 Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. Regular aspirin intake and acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1974; 1: 440-43.
47. 47 Milunsky A, Jick H, Jick SS, et al. Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects. JAMA 1989; 262: 2847-52.
48. 48 Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 129-35.
49. 49 Czeizel AE, Dudas I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1832-35.
50. 50 MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. Lancet 1991; 338: 131-37.
51. 51 Grady D, Hulley SB, Furberg C. Venous thromboembolic events associated with hormone replacement therapy. JAMA 1997; 278: 477.
52. 52 Meier CR, Jick H. Tamoxifen and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 45: 608-12.