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Volumn 282, Issue 5394, 1998, Pages 1705-1708

Regulation of nerve growth mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in growth cones

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (CALCIUM); HEPARIN; INOSITOL 1,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; LITHIUM; THAPSIGARGIN;

EID: 0032573570     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5394.1705     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (162)

References (33)
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    • note
    • TG (10 μM) or LiCl (50 mM) dissolved in the culture medium was added at the time of plating. The culture medium (vehicle) and 50 mM of NaCl dissolved in the medium were used for controls in the TG and LiCl experiments, respectively. DRG neurons were treated with these drugs for 2 or 4 hours. At the indicated time points, multiple visual fields (n > 5) were chosen at random from replicate cultures and were observed under a phase-contrast microscope (Axiovert 135; Carl Zeiss). The lengths of the longest neurite per cell were measured and analyzed (n > 300 cells in a dish) for each condition and at each time point with IPLab Spectrum imaging software (Signal Analytics).
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    • note
    • Heparin or de-N-sulfated heparin (Sigma) dissolved in culture medium (1.6 mg/ml) was loaded into DRG neurons by trituration. The trituration loading was confirmed by observing fluorescence of FITC-conjugated dextran (molecular size: 150 kD; Sigma) coincidentally loaded with the test reagents.
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    • note
    • Heparin or de-N-sulfated heparin (1.6 mg/ml in pipette) was microinjected into cultured DRG neurons with neurites and growth cones. Microinjected test reagents were confirmed by observing the fluorescence of FITC concomitantly injected. Growth cone behavior was observed by time-lapse video microscopy with a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (PXL-1400; Photometrics) and a Macintosh computer with IPLab Spectrum imaging software.
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    • The MG-labeled antibodies (1.0 mg/ml) were loaded by trituration, as described (19-27). MG-labeled nonspecific rat or mouse IgG (Chemicon International) was used for control experiments. Micro-CALI experiments were done within 10 hours after antibody loading. Some experiments in each micro-CALI experiment were analyzed in a blind fashion to verify the results of analysis (n = 18). DRG neuronal cultures were kept at 37°C in a stage incubator throughout the experiment. Complete retention of the loaded antibodies within the growth cone was confirmed for 10 hours after antibody loading in about 82% of FITC-positive cells, by immunocytochemistry with a secondary antibody in the same FITC-positive cells. A chosen growth cone was observed with phase-contrast optics with a X40 objective lens (Plan-Neofluar; Carl Zeiss) for 5 min, and then a region of the growth cone was subjected to laser irradiation (5 min, λ = 620 nm, τ = 3.5 ns, 20 μJ per pulse at 20 Hz, about 14-τm diameter), with a nitrogen-driven dye laser (VSL-337ND and DLMS-220; Laser Science). Growth cones were observed during irradiation and, for an additional 15 min, by time-lapse video microscopy (every 10 s) with a cooled CCD camera (PXL-1400; Photometrics) and a Macintosh computer with a custom-made software TI-Workbench written by T. Inoue.
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    • note
    • We thank T. Michikawa, A. Muto, H. Mizuno, A. Doi, W. Saikawa, R. Ando, A. Takahashi, and W. Cai for technical assistance and Y. Goshima and M. Ohara for critical reading of the manuscript. Supported by grants from Japan Science and Technology Agency.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.