-
2
-
-
0002077797
-
-
J. R. Pringle, J. R. Broach, E. W. Jones, Eds. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
-
M. Kupiec, B. Byers, R. E. Esposito, A. P. Mitchell, in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Cell Cycle and Cell Biology, J. R. Pringle, J. R. Broach, E. W. Jones, Eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1997), pp. 889-1036.
-
(1997)
The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Cell Cycle and Cell Biology
, pp. 889-1036
-
-
Kupiec, M.1
Byers, B.2
Esposito, R.E.3
Mitchell, A.P.4
-
3
-
-
0029990949
-
-
I. Rubin-Bejerano, S. Mandel, K. Robzyk, Y. Kassir, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 2518 (1996).
-
(1996)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
, vol.16
, pp. 2518
-
-
Rubin-Bejerano, I.1
Mandel, S.2
Robzyk, K.3
Kassir, Y.4
-
5
-
-
0028071624
-
-
H. Friesen, R. Lunz, S. Doyle, J. Segall, Genes Dev. 8, 2162 (1994).
-
(1994)
Genes Dev.
, vol.8
, pp. 2162
-
-
Friesen, H.1
Lunz, R.2
Doyle, S.3
Segall, J.4
-
7
-
-
0028822886
-
-
L. Xu, M. Ajimura, R. Padmore, C. Klein, N. Kleckner, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 6572 (1995).
-
(1995)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
, vol.15
, pp. 6572
-
-
Xu, L.1
Ajimura, M.2
Padmore, R.3
Klein, C.4
Kleckner, N.5
-
9
-
-
0031037911
-
-
N. Ozsarac, M. J. Straffon, H. E. Dalton, I. W. Dawes, ibid. 17, 1152 (1997).
-
(1997)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
, vol.17
, pp. 1152
-
-
Ozsarac, N.1
Straffon, M.J.2
Dalton, H.E.3
Dawes, I.W.4
-
10
-
-
0025114542
-
-
P. Briza, M. Breitenbach, A. Ellinger, J. Segall, Genes Dev. 4, 1775 (1990).
-
(1990)
Genes Dev.
, vol.4
, pp. 1775
-
-
Briza, P.1
Breitenbach, M.2
Ellinger, A.3
Segall, J.4
-
12
-
-
0015265442
-
-
R. E. Esposito, N. Frink, P. Bernstein, M. S. Esposito, Mol. Gen. Genet. 114, 241 (1972).
-
(1972)
Mol. Gen. Genet.
, vol.114
, pp. 241
-
-
Esposito, R.E.1
Frink, N.2
Bernstein, P.3
Esposito, M.S.4
-
13
-
-
0343332916
-
-
J. N. Strathern, E. W. Jones, J. R. Broach, Eds. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
-
R. E. Esposito and S. Klapholz, in Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Life Cycle and Inheritance, J. N. Strathern, E. W. Jones, J. R. Broach, Eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1981).
-
(1981)
Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Life Cycle and Inheritance
-
-
Esposito, R.E.1
Klapholz, S.2
-
14
-
-
0028215472
-
-
N. Burns et al., Genes Dev. 8, 1087 (1994), pp. 211-287.
-
(1994)
Genes Dev.
, vol.8
, pp. 1087
-
-
Burns, N.1
-
16
-
-
3643085169
-
-
note
-
These microscopic observations indicate that meiosis I is initiated by about 5 hours and also provide a measure of the synchrony of the process in this cell population. Two-thirds of the cells in the population went through meiosis I and sporulated (Fig. 2A). The progression of the population through the morphologically defined stages of sporulation was only moderately synchronous, as indicated by the disappearance of mononucleate cells (Fig. 2A), and the synchrony diminished over time. Thus, the apparently sustained changes in expression that we observed may not reflect sustained expression in individual cells but rather the superposition of several stages in the process.
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
3643102874
-
-
note
-
+] RNA was prepared by purification with an oligo(dT) cellulose column as described (15).
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
3643101812
-
-
note
-
+ RNA was carried out as described (15).
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
3643089374
-
-
note
-
Portions from each time point were assayed by Northern (RNA) analysis following the protocol described in (4). Briefly, each lane was loaded with 30 μg of total RNA. Probe was made by random prime labeling of DNA template generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primers from Research Genetics were used to make probes corresponding to the open reading frames of DMC1, SPS4, DIT1, and SPC100.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
3643093458
-
-
note
-
2R at a given time point was greater than 1.13, where R is the measured ratio of each gene's mRNA levels to its mRNA level in vegetative cells just before transfer to sporulation medium. In practice, this criterion is essentially equivalent to a three-fold change for a single time point or an average 2.2-fold change across the entire time course.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
0003410791
-
-
Springer, Berlin, New York
-
Briefly, a procedure based on a neural net algorithm was used to find an approximation to the optimal ordering of a chosen set of genes [see (21)] to minimize a parameter representing differences in the temporal pattern of expression between consecutive genes, summed over the entire ordered set [T. Kohonen, Self-Organizing Maps (Springer, Berlin, New York, 1997)].
-
(1997)
Self-Organizing Maps
-
-
Kohonen, T.1
-
23
-
-
3643134048
-
-
The computer program Multiple EM for Motif Elicitation (MEME) was used to elicit sequence motifs, with 600 base pairs upstream of each gene as the input. MEME is available on the World Wide Web at www. sdsc.edu/MEME. The resulting degenerate motifs were used for Fig. 5. The least stringent sequence used for the MSE was 5′-DNCRCAAAWD and is shown as the darkest blue, followed by 5′-VKNCRCAAAWD and 5′-HDVKNCRCAAAWD. The most stringent consensus sequence was 5′-HDVGNCACAAAAD (brightest blue). Likewise, for the URS1 sequence, the least stringent sequence used to search promoters for Fig. 5 was 5′-GGCGGC (darkest blue), followed by 5′-DSGGCGGCND and TSGGCGGCTD. The most stringent was 5′-TCGGCGGCTDW (brightest blue). The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nucleotide codes are as follows: D (A,G, or T); R (A or G); H (A, C, or T); V (A, C, or G); W (A or T); K (G or T); and S (C or G).
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
0031029604
-
-
S. Kratzer and H. J. Schuller, Mol. Microbiol. 26, 631 (1997); E. Dubois and F. Messenguy, Mol. Gen. Genet. 253, 568 (1997).
-
(1997)
Mol. Gen. Genet.
, vol.253
, pp. 568
-
-
Dubois, E.1
Messenguy, F.2
-
28
-
-
3643073744
-
-
unpublished data
-
S. Chu et al., unpublished data.
-
-
-
Chu, S.1
-
29
-
-
3643094577
-
-
note
-
+ RNA was prepared following the protocol of Rapid RNA Isolation from Invitrogen.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
0030767256
-
-
N. Kleckner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 8167 (1996); G. S. Roeder, Genes Dev. 11, 2600 (1997).
-
(1997)
Genes Dev.
, vol.11
, pp. 2600
-
-
Roeder, G.S.1
-
35
-
-
0029098091
-
-
M. Molnar, J. Bahler, M. Sipiczki, J. Kohli, Genetics 141, 61 (1995).
-
(1995)
Genetics
, vol.141
, pp. 61
-
-
Molnar, M.1
Bahler, J.2
Sipiczki, M.3
Kohli, J.4
-
36
-
-
3643071579
-
-
unpublished data
-
S. Chu, unpublished data.
-
-
-
Chu, S.1
-
41
-
-
0030746889
-
-
A. Yanai, E. Arama, G. Kilfin, B. Motro, Oncogene 14, 2943 (1997).
-
(1997)
Oncogene
, vol.14
, pp. 2943
-
-
Yanai, A.1
Arama, E.2
Kilfin, G.3
Motro, B.4
-
44
-
-
3643114366
-
-
note
-
A precise deletion of only the YGR225 open reading frame prevented sporulation. Because the adjacent novel open reading frame, YGR226, is only 27 base pairs away and was also expressed as an early-mid gene, regulatory elements for YGR226 may also be affected in the YGR225 deletion mutant.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
0029145504
-
-
N. Matsubara, M. Yanagisawa, Y. Nishimune, M. Obinata, Y. Matsui, Mol. Reprod. Dev. 41, 407 (1995).
-
(1995)
Mol. Reprod. Dev.
, vol.41
, pp. 407
-
-
Matsubara, N.1
Yanagisawa, M.2
Nishimune, Y.3
Obinata, M.4
Matsui, Y.5
-
49
-
-
3643106053
-
-
unpublished data
-
J. Mulholland et al., unpublished data.
-
-
-
Mulholland, J.1
-
50
-
-
0028046412
-
-
J. A. Printen and G. F. Sprague Jr., Genetics 138, 609 (1994); K. Y. Choi, B. Satterberg, D. M. Lyons, E. A. Elion, Cell 78, 499 (1994); S. Marcus, A. Polverino, M. Barr, M. Wigler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 7762 (1994).
-
(1994)
Genetics
, vol.138
, pp. 609
-
-
Printen, J.A.1
Sprague Jr., G.F.2
-
51
-
-
0027983908
-
-
J. A. Printen and G. F. Sprague Jr., Genetics 138, 609 (1994); K. Y. Choi, B. Satterberg, D. M. Lyons, E. A. Elion, Cell 78, 499 (1994); S. Marcus, A. Polverino, M. Barr, M. Wigler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 7762 (1994).
-
(1994)
Cell
, vol.78
, pp. 499
-
-
Choi, K.Y.1
Satterberg, B.2
Lyons, D.M.3
Elion, E.A.4
-
52
-
-
0027991228
-
-
J. A. Printen and G. F. Sprague Jr., Genetics 138, 609 (1994); K. Y. Choi, B. Satterberg, D. M. Lyons, E. A. Elion, Cell 78, 499 (1994); S. Marcus, A. Polverino, M. Barr, M. Wigler, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 7762 (1994).
-
(1994)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
, vol.91
, pp. 7762
-
-
Marcus, S.1
Polverino, A.2
Barr, M.3
Wigler, M.4
-
53
-
-
15444346372
-
-
L H. Caro et al., Yeast 13, 1477 (1997).
-
(1997)
Yeast
, vol.13
, pp. 1477
-
-
Caro, L.H.1
-
54
-
-
0021285523
-
-
I. Miyakawa, H. Aoi, N. Sando, T. Kuroiwa, J. Cell Sci. 66, 21 (1984).
-
(1984)
J. Cell Sci.
, vol.66
, pp. 21
-
-
Miyakawa, I.1
Aoi, H.2
Sando, N.3
Kuroiwa, T.4
-
56
-
-
0026629819
-
-
Y. Wada, Y. Ohsumi, Y. Anraku, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18665 (1992); Y. X. Wang, N. L Catlett, L. S. Weisman, J. Cell Biol. 140, 1063 (1998).
-
(1992)
J. Biol. Chem.
, vol.267
, pp. 18665
-
-
Wada, Y.1
Ohsumi, Y.2
Anraku, Y.3
-
57
-
-
0032498794
-
-
Y. Wada, Y. Ohsumi, Y. Anraku, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18665 (1992); Y. X. Wang, N. L Catlett, L. S. Weisman, J. Cell Biol. 140, 1063 (1998).
-
(1998)
J. Cell Biol.
, vol.140
, pp. 1063
-
-
Wang, Y.X.1
Catlett, N.L.2
Weisman, L.S.3
-
60
-
-
0028017275
-
-
L. S. Ireland et al., EMBO J. 13, 3812 (1994).
-
(1994)
EMBO J.
, vol.13
, pp. 3812
-
-
Ireland, L.S.1
-
61
-
-
85044700967
-
-
D. Lydall, Y. Nikolsky, D. K. Bishop, T. Weinert, Nature 383, 840 (1996).
-
(1996)
Nature
, vol.383
, pp. 840
-
-
Lydall, D.1
Nikolsky, Y.2
Bishop, D.K.3
Weinert, T.4
-
63
-
-
0031469696
-
-
A. W. Page and T. L Orr-Weaver, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 7, 23 (1997); P. Sassone-Corsi, Cell 88, 163 (1997).
-
(1997)
Cell
, vol.88
, pp. 163
-
-
Sassone-Corsi, P.1
-
64
-
-
0003529272
-
-
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
-
Genes corresponding to YDR104, YPR007, and YGR225 were deleted by precise disruptions of each open reading frame with the hisG-URA3 cassette. Methods were from M. Rose, F. Winston, and P. Mieter [Methods in Yeast Genetics (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1990)]; R. Rothstein [Methods Enzymol. 194, 281 (1991)]; J. Sambrook, E. Frisch, and T. Maniatis [Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, ed. 2, 1989)]; and F. Sherman, G. Fink, and J. Hicks [Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1986)].
-
(1990)
Methods in Yeast Genetics
-
-
Rose, M.1
Winston, F.2
Mieter, P.3
-
65
-
-
0025979877
-
-
Genes corresponding to YDR104, YPR007, and YGR225 were deleted by precise disruptions of each open reading frame with the hisG-URA3 cassette. Methods were from M. Rose, F. Winston, and P. Mieter [Methods in Yeast Genetics (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1990)]; R. Rothstein [Methods Enzymol. 194, 281 (1991)]; J. Sambrook, E. Frisch, and T. Maniatis [Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, ed. 2, 1989)]; and F. Sherman, G. Fink, and J. Hicks [Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1986)].
-
(1991)
Methods Enzymol.
, vol.194
, pp. 281
-
-
Rothstein, R.1
-
66
-
-
0004136246
-
-
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, ed. 2
-
Genes corresponding to YDR104, YPR007, and YGR225 were deleted by precise disruptions of each open reading frame with the hisG-URA3 cassette. Methods were from M. Rose, F. Winston, and P. Mieter [Methods in Yeast Genetics (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1990)]; R. Rothstein [Methods Enzymol. 194, 281 (1991)]; J. Sambrook, E. Frisch, and T. Maniatis [Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, ed. 2, 1989)]; and F. Sherman, G. Fink, and J. Hicks [Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1986)].
-
(1989)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
-
-
Sambrook, J.1
Frisch, E.2
Maniatis, T.3
-
67
-
-
0003529274
-
-
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
-
Genes corresponding to YDR104, YPR007, and YGR225 were deleted by precise disruptions of each open reading frame with the hisG-URA3 cassette. Methods were from M. Rose, F. Winston, and P. Mieter [Methods in Yeast Genetics (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1990)]; R. Rothstein [Methods Enzymol. 194, 281 (1991)]; J. Sambrook, E. Frisch, and T. Maniatis [Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, ed. 2, 1989)]; and F. Sherman, G. Fink, and J. Hicks [Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1986)].
-
(1986)
Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Laboratory Manual
-
-
Sherman, F.1
Fink, G.2
Hicks, J.3
-
68
-
-
3643084147
-
-
B. Byers, in (73), pp. 59-96
-
B. Byers, in (73), pp. 59-96.
-
-
-
-
70
-
-
0016731336
-
-
During the sporulation time course of YSC328, samples of cells were prepared every 30 min for microscopy. Cells were examined by Nomarski and fluorescent microscopy as described in (3). For electron microscopy, cells were immediately fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde [in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 6.7] for 1 to 2 hours. Fixed cells were then rapidly frozen in 20% glycerol in liquid nitrogen and held at - 70°C for 48 hours. At time of use, cells were thawed on ice and processed for electron microscopy as described by B. Byers and L. Goetsch [J. Bacteriol. 124, 511 (1975)].
-
(1975)
J. Bacteriol.
, vol.124
, pp. 511
-
-
Byers, B.1
Goetsch, L.2
-
72
-
-
3643119545
-
-
personal communication
-
P. Spellman et al., personal communication.
-
-
-
Spellman, P.1
-
73
-
-
3643096623
-
-
note
-
We are indebted to V. Iyer for help with genome array production. We also thank P. Spellman and S. Biggins for their help; F. Banuett, N. Kleckner, and D. Meling for useful discussions; and B. Byers, S. Klapholz, I. H. Herskowitz, Y. Kassir, and A. Mitchell for comments on the manuscript. Strains of the SK1 background and the hisG-URA3 disruption cassette were kind gifts from N. Kleckner. S.C. and I.H. are supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant AI18738. J.D. and P.O.B. are supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and NIH grant HG00450. M.E. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Alfred E. Sloan Foundation. P.O.B. is an Associate Investigator of the HHMI. J.M. and D.B. are supported by NIH grant GM46406. This work was supported by grants from NIH and by HHMI.
-
-
-
|