메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 281, Issue 5379, 1998, Pages 1005-1009

Genetic dissection of a mammalian replicator in the human β-globin locus

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA GLOBULIN;

EID: 0032516695     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (182)

References (69)
  • 2
    • 0029807526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Almasan, S. Linke, T. Paulson, L. Huang, G. Wahl, Cancer Metastasis Rev. 14, 59 (1995); K. A. Nasmyth, Science 274, 1643 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1643
    • Nasmyth, K.A.1
  • 8
    • 0024336294 scopus 로고
    • S. Handeli, A. Klar, M. Meuth, H. Cedar, Cell 57, 909 (1989); W. C. Burhans, L. T. Vassilev, M. S. Caddle, N. H. Heintz, M. L. DePamphilis, ibid. 62, 955 (1990); S. M. Carroll et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2971 (1993); G. H. Nonet and G. M. Wahl, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 19, 171 (1993); R. E. Kelly, M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4136 (1995); W. C. Burhans and J. A. Huberman, Science 263, 639 (1994).
    • (1989) Cell , vol.57 , pp. 909
    • Handeli, S.1    Klar, A.2    Meuth, M.3    Cedar, H.4
  • 9
    • 0025073066 scopus 로고
    • S. Handeli, A. Klar, M. Meuth, H. Cedar, Cell 57, 909 (1989); W. C. Burhans, L. T. Vassilev, M. S. Caddle, N. H. Heintz, M. L. DePamphilis, ibid. 62, 955 (1990); S. M. Carroll et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2971 (1993); G. H. Nonet and G. M. Wahl, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 19, 171 (1993); R. E. Kelly, M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4136 (1995); W. C. Burhans and J. A. Huberman, Science 263, 639 (1994).
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 955
    • Burhans, W.C.1    Vassilev, L.T.2    Caddle, M.S.3    Heintz, N.H.4    DePamphilis, M.L.5
  • 10
    • 0027284835 scopus 로고
    • S. Handeli, A. Klar, M. Meuth, H. Cedar, Cell 57, 909 (1989); W. C. Burhans, L. T. Vassilev, M. S. Caddle, N. H. Heintz, M. L. DePamphilis, ibid. 62, 955 (1990); S. M. Carroll et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2971 (1993); G. H. Nonet and G. M. Wahl, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 19, 171 (1993); R. E. Kelly, M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4136 (1995); W. C. Burhans and J. A. Huberman, Science 263, 639 (1994).
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 2971
    • Carroll, S.M.1
  • 11
    • 0027278342 scopus 로고
    • S. Handeli, A. Klar, M. Meuth, H. Cedar, Cell 57, 909 (1989); W. C. Burhans, L. T. Vassilev, M. S. Caddle, N. H. Heintz, M. L. DePamphilis, ibid. 62, 955 (1990); S. M. Carroll et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2971 (1993); G. H. Nonet and G. M. Wahl, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 19, 171 (1993); R. E. Kelly, M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4136 (1995); W. C. Burhans and J. A. Huberman, Science 263, 639 (1994).
    • (1993) Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 171
    • Nonet, G.H.1    Wahl, G.M.2
  • 12
    • 0029065719 scopus 로고
    • S. Handeli, A. Klar, M. Meuth, H. Cedar, Cell 57, 909 (1989); W. C. Burhans, L. T. Vassilev, M. S. Caddle, N. H. Heintz, M. L. DePamphilis, ibid. 62, 955 (1990); S. M. Carroll et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2971 (1993); G. H. Nonet and G. M. Wahl, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 19, 171 (1993); R. E. Kelly, M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4136 (1995); W. C. Burhans and J. A. Huberman, Science 263, 639 (1994).
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 4136
    • Kelly, R.E.1    DeRose, M.L.2    Draper, B.W.3    Wahl, G.M.4
  • 13
    • 0028354716 scopus 로고
    • S. Handeli, A. Klar, M. Meuth, H. Cedar, Cell 57, 909 (1989); W. C. Burhans, L. T. Vassilev, M. S. Caddle, N. H. Heintz, M. L. DePamphilis, ibid. 62, 955 (1990); S. M. Carroll et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2971 (1993); G. H. Nonet and G. M. Wahl, Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 19, 171 (1993); R. E. Kelly, M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 4136 (1995); W. C. Burhans and J. A. Huberman, Science 263, 639 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 639
    • Burhans, W.C.1    Huberman, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 0029930979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N. Shimizu, T. Kanda, G. M. Wahl, Nature Genet. 12, 65 (1996); N. Shimizu, N. Itoh, H. Utiyama, G. M. Wahl, J. Cell Biol. 140, 1307 (1998); R. Snapka and A. Varshavsky, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7533 (1983).
    • (1996) Nature Genet. , vol.12 , pp. 65
    • Shimizu, N.1    Kanda, T.2    Wahl, G.M.3
  • 15
    • 0032559796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N. Shimizu, T. Kanda, G. M. Wahl, Nature Genet. 12, 65 (1996); N. Shimizu, N. Itoh, H. Utiyama, G. M. Wahl, J. Cell Biol. 140, 1307 (1998); R. Snapka and A. Varshavsky, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7533 (1983).
    • (1998) J. Cell Biol. , vol.140 , pp. 1307
    • Shimizu, N.1    Itoh, N.2    Utiyama, H.3    Wahl, G.M.4
  • 16
    • 0021017375 scopus 로고
    • N. Shimizu, T. Kanda, G. M. Wahl, Nature Genet. 12, 65 (1996); N. Shimizu, N. Itoh, H. Utiyama, G. M. Wahl, J. Cell Biol. 140, 1307 (1998); R. Snapka and A. Varshavsky, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7533 (1983).
    • (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.80 , pp. 7533
    • Snapka, R.1    Varshavsky, A.2
  • 17
    • 0028243616 scopus 로고
    • D. Coverley and R. Laskey, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 745 (1994); J. J. Blow, J. Cell Biol. 122, 993 (1993); J. F. Diffley, Genes Dev. 10, 2819 (1996).
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.63 , pp. 745
    • Coverley, D.1    Laskey, R.2
  • 18
    • 0027216544 scopus 로고
    • D. Coverley and R. Laskey, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 745 (1994); J. J. Blow, J. Cell Biol. 122, 993 (1993); J. F. Diffley, Genes Dev. 10, 2819 (1996).
    • (1993) J. Cell Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 993
    • Blow, J.J.1
  • 19
    • 0029807797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Coverley and R. Laskey, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 745 (1994); J. J. Blow, J. Cell Biol. 122, 993 (1993); J. F. Diffley, Genes Dev. 10, 2819 (1996).
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2819
    • Diffley, J.F.1
  • 20
    • 0018952783 scopus 로고
    • R. M. Harland and R. A. D. Laskey, Cell 21, 761 (1980); M. Gilbert, H. Miyazawa, M. L. DePamphilis, Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 2942 (1995); P. Pasero, D. Braguglia, S. M. Gasser, Genes Dev. 11, 1504 (1997).
    • (1980) Cell , vol.21 , pp. 761
    • Harland, R.M.1    Laskey, R.A.D.2
  • 21
    • 0029007145 scopus 로고
    • R. M. Harland and R. A. D. Laskey, Cell 21, 761 (1980); M. Gilbert, H. Miyazawa, M. L. DePamphilis, Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 2942 (1995); P. Pasero, D. Braguglia, S. M. Gasser, Genes Dev. 11, 1504 (1997).
    • (1995) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 2942
    • Gilbert, M.1    Miyazawa, H.2    DePamphilis, M.L.3
  • 22
    • 0030920723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. M. Harland and R. A. D. Laskey, Cell 21, 761 (1980); M. Gilbert, H. Miyazawa, M. L. DePamphilis, Mol. Cell Biol. 15, 2942 (1995); P. Pasero, D. Braguglia, S. M. Gasser, Genes Dev. 11, 1504 (1997).
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 1504
    • Pasero, P.1    Braguglia, D.2    Gasser, S.M.3
  • 23
  • 25
    • 0025847620 scopus 로고
    • S. O'Gorman, D. T. Fox, G. M. Wahl, ibid. 251, 1351 (1991); B. Sauer and N. Henderson, New Biol. 2, 441 (1990); M. I. Aladjem, L. L. Brody, S. O'Gorman, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 857 (1997).
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 1351
    • O'Gorman, S.1    Fox, D.T.2    Wahl, G.M.3
  • 26
    • 0025360095 scopus 로고
    • S. O'Gorman, D. T. Fox, G. M. Wahl, ibid. 251, 1351 (1991); B. Sauer and N. Henderson, New Biol. 2, 441 (1990); M. I. Aladjem, L. L. Brody, S. O'Gorman, G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 857 (1997).
    • (1990) New Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 441
    • Sauer, B.1    Henderson, N.2
  • 29
    • 0028929362 scopus 로고
    • The nascent strand abundance assay was performed as described [Y. Yoon, J. A. Sanchez, C. Brun, J. A. Huberman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 2482 (1995)] with the modifications described by M. I. Aladjem et al. [Science 270, 815 (1995)]. Briefly, nascent strands were isolated as short DNA fragments (<8 kb) that incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during a 90-min pulse label. Short BrdU-substituted strands, isolated by density gradient centrifugation, were further fractionated by alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Fragments of various sizes were isolated from the gel and amplified with primers spanning the region of interest. PCR primers used were as follows: (1) Upper: AAATCTAACAGCCAAGTCAAAT; lower: AATAAAATA-AAACAATAAAATG; (2) (hβG) upper: CCTGAGGAGA AGTCTGCCGT; lower CAGTGCAGCTCACTCAGTGT; (3) (ivs) upper GGAAGGGGAGAAGTAACAGGGT; lower: AAGGGCCTAGCTTGGACTCAG; (4) upper: TATTAGC ATAGTGTTACCATCA; lower: TTCTTTATTTTTCCTTT-TGTTG; (5) upper: ATCCAAAAACTAAATCTCACA ; lower: CACCCGTCTTCTGCGTCACTC; (6) (β-Gal) upper: TTGAAAATGGTCTGCTGCTGCTGAAC; lower: CGGATA AACGGAACTGGAAAAACTGC; mitochondrial DNA, upper. TACGCTCTATTCTCGACACTCACAACAAAG; lower: GGTTTAAGAATAATGGGGGTAGTATGTAAG.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 2482
    • Yoon, Y.1    Sanchez, J.A.2    Brun, C.3    Huberman, J.A.4
  • 30
    • 0028971217 scopus 로고
    • The nascent strand abundance assay was performed as described [Y. Yoon, J. A. Sanchez, C. Brun, J. A. Huberman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 2482 (1995)] with the modifications described by M. I. Aladjem et al. [Science 270, 815 (1995)]. Briefly, nascent strands were isolated as short DNA fragments (<8 kb) that incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during a 90-min pulse label. Short BrdU-substituted strands, isolated by density gradient centrifugation, were further fractionated by alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Fragments of various sizes were isolated from the gel and amplified with primers spanning the region of interest. PCR primers used were as follows: (1) Upper: AAATCTAACAGCCAAGTCAAAT; lower: AATAAAATA-AAACAATAAAATG; (2) (hβG) upper: CCTGAGGAGA AGTCTGCCGT; lower CAGTGCAGCTCACTCAGTGT; (3) (ivs) upper GGAAGGGGAGAAGTAACAGGGT; lower: AAGGGCCTAGCTTGGACTCAG; (4) upper: TATTAGC ATAGTGTTACCATCA; lower: TTCTTTATTTTTCCTTT-TGTTG; (5) upper: ATCCAAAAACTAAATCTCACA ; lower: CACCCGTCTTCTGCGTCACTC; (6) (β-Gal) upper: TTGAAAATGGTCTGCTGCTGCTGAAC; lower: CGGATA AACGGAACTGGAAAAACTGC; mitochondrial DNA, upper. TACGCTCTATTCTCGACACTCACAACAAAG; lower: GGTTTAAGAATAATGGGGGTAGTATGTAAG.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 815
    • Aladjem, M.I.1
  • 31
    • 3542993996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. I. Aladjem, L. W. Rodewald, J. L. Kolman, G. M. Wahl, data not shown
    • M. I. Aladjem, L. W. Rodewald, J. L. Kolman, G. M. Wahl, data not shown.
  • 35
    • 0030812754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR reaction that compared various preparations of DNAs included two controls. First, the amount of DNA in each one of the samples was normalized by the use of mitochondrial primers [(15) (S. Strehl, J. M. LaSalle, M. Lalande, Mol. Cell Biol. 17, 6157 (1997)]. Then, the efficiency of the amplification reaction in each reaction was normalized by the use of mimic competitors as described [C. Pelizon, S. Diviacco, A. Falaschi, M. Giacca, ibid. 16, 5358 (1996)]. Each competitor contains the same sequence as the expected fragment amplified from genomic DNA but is larger by 20 to 70 bp and serves as a standard to compare the abundance of genomic amplified DNA in the S phase fractions. The results of one set of experiments are shown in Fig. 2B, but the experiment was repeated twice with essentially the same results.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 6157
    • Strehl, S.1    LaSalle, J.M.2    Lalande, M.3
  • 36
    • 0029789679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR reaction that compared various preparations of DNAs included two controls. First, the amount of DNA in each one of the samples was normalized by the use of mitochondrial primers [(15) (S. Strehl, J. M. LaSalle, M. Lalande, Mol. Cell Biol. 17, 6157 (1997)]. Then, the efficiency of the amplification reaction in each reaction was normalized by the use of mimic competitors as described [C. Pelizon, S. Diviacco, A. Falaschi, M. Giacca, ibid. 16, 5358 (1996)]. Each competitor contains the same sequence as the expected fragment amplified from genomic DNA but is larger by 20 to 70 bp and serves as a standard to compare the abundance of genomic amplified DNA in the S phase fractions. The results of one set of experiments are shown in Fig. 2B, but the experiment was repeated twice with essentially the same results.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 5358
    • Pelizon, C.1    Diviacco, S.2    Falaschi, A.3    Giacca, M.4
  • 38
    • 0028143041 scopus 로고
    • D. D. Dubey, S.-M. Kim, I. T. Todorov, J. A. Huberman, Curr. Biol. 6, 467 (1997); J. F. Theis and C. S. Newlon, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 7652 (1994).
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 7652
    • Theis, J.F.1    Newlon, C.S.2
  • 40
    • 0027613751 scopus 로고
    • M. L. DePamphilis, Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 5, 434 (1993); T. Kobayashi, T. Rein, M. L. DePamphilis, Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 3266 (1998).
    • (1993) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 434
    • DePamphilis, M.L.1
  • 44
  • 45
    • 0028243616 scopus 로고
    • D. Coverley and R. Laskey, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 745 (1994); J. J. Blow, J. Cell. Biol. 122, 993 (1993); J. F. Diffley, Genes Dev. 10, 2819 (1996).
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.63 , pp. 745
    • Coverley, D.1    Laskey, R.2
  • 46
    • 0027216544 scopus 로고
    • D. Coverley and R. Laskey, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 745 (1994); J. J. Blow, J. Cell. Biol. 122, 993 (1993); J. F. Diffley, Genes Dev. 10, 2819 (1996).
    • (1993) J. Cell. Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 993
    • Blow, J.J.1
  • 47
    • 0029807797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Coverley and R. Laskey, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 745 (1994); J. J. Blow, J. Cell. Biol. 122, 993 (1993); J. F. Diffley, Genes Dev. 10, 2819 (1996).
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2819
    • Diffley, J.F.1
  • 48
    • 3543003663 scopus 로고
    • E. Epner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 153 (1991); F. Grosveld et al., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 58, 7 (1993).
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.88 , pp. 153
    • Epner, E.1
  • 51
    • 3543044529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • personal communication
    • J. L. Hamlin, personal communication.
    • Hamlin, J.L.1
  • 55
    • 0021922047 scopus 로고
    • J. J. Li and T. J. Kelly, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 1238 (1985); M. L. DePamphilis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62, 29 (1993); B. Stillman, Cell 78, 725 (1994).
    • (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 1238
    • Li, J.J.1    Kelly, T.J.2
  • 56
    • 0027213553 scopus 로고
    • J. J. Li and T. J. Kelly, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 1238 (1985); M. L. DePamphilis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62, 29 (1993); B. Stillman, Cell 78, 725 (1994).
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.62 , pp. 29
    • DePamphilis, M.L.1
  • 57
    • 0027936237 scopus 로고
    • J. J. Li and T. J. Kelly, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 1238 (1985); M. L. DePamphilis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62, 29 (1993); B. Stillman, Cell 78, 725 (1994).
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 725
    • Stillman, B.1
  • 60
    • 0030722744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. T. Pak et al., Cell 91, 311 (1997); A. Rowles et al., ibid. 87, 287 (1996); M. Ishiai et al., Genomics 46, 294 (1997).
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 311
    • Pak, D.T.1
  • 61
    • 0030592518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. T. Pak et al., Cell 91, 311 (1997); A. Rowles et al., ibid. 87, 287 (1996); M. Ishiai et al., Genomics 46, 294 (1997).
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 287
    • Rowles, A.1
  • 62
    • 0031438125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. T. Pak et al., Cell 91, 311 (1997); A. Rowles et al., ibid. 87, 287 (1996); M. Ishiai et al., Genomics 46, 294 (1997).
    • (1997) Genomics , vol.46 , pp. 294
    • Ishiai, M.1
  • 63
    • 0031469142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. S. Newlon, Cell 91, 717 (1997).
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 717
    • Newlon, C.S.1
  • 66
    • 3543012143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • All PCR reactions were performed in 25 μl with an initial denaturation of 2 min at 94°C, 35 cycles of 45 s denaturation at 94°C, 45 s annealing at 60°C, and 45 s extension at 72°C. Final extension (7 min) was performed at 72°C. All the reactions were performed with Taq polymerase (Boehringer Mannheim), and the salt conditions were optimized for each primer pair with the Invitrogen PCR optimizer kit. Competitor concentrations were determined by reading the absorbency of the cloned fragments at 260 nm. Because the transferred IR was inserted in simian cells, all the primer pairs were assayed for selective amplification of human, but not simian, DNA before use in this assay. PCR reactions with primers only, or with genomic or competitor DNA with no primers, yielded no product.
  • 69
    • 3543017498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We thank E. Epner and M. Groudine for advice regarding the globin locus and for globin sequences and probes; S. Strehl and M. Lalande for sharing the sequence of mitochondrial primers; S. O'Gorman for advice and site-specific recombination reagents; J. Hamlin and M. DePamphilis for sharing data before publication and for insightful comments; J. A. Huberman, M. Mechali, S. Menut, R. Gellibolian, and F. E. Indig for comments on the manuscript; and L. Brody, A. Telling, C. Navarro, and S. Wilson for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the NIH (CA48405, GM51104) and the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation. M.I.A. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Human Frontiers Science Project Organization and by a special fellowship from the Leukemia Society of America.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.