Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Preventive Practices among Adults - United States, 1994: A Behavioral Risk Factor Atlas

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Volumn 47, Issue SUPPL. 5, 1998, Pages 35-48

  Hahn, Robert A ^a   Heath, Gregory W ^a   Chang, Man Huei ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUCASIAN; DIABETES MELLITUS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032509324     PISSN: 01492195     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. NCHS. Health United States, 1995. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, May 1996; DHHS publication no. (PHS) 96-1232.
2. Gillum BS, Graves EJ, Wood E. National Hospital Discharge Survey: Annual Summary, 1995. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, 1998; DHHS publication no. (PHS)98-1794. (Vital and health statistics; series 13, no. 133).
3. Pickle LW, Mingiole M, Jones GK, White AA. Atlas of United States mortality. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, December 1996; DHHS publication no. (PHS)97-1015.
4. Adams PF, Marano MA. Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1994. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, December 1995; DHHS publication no. (PHS) 96-1521. (Vital and health statistics: data from the National Health Survey; series 10, no. 193).
5. National Center for Health Statistics. Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1994. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1996. (Monthly vital statistics report; vol 45, no. 3, suppl).
6. Nelson DE, Kirkendall RS, Lawton RL, et al. Surveillance for smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost, by state - United States, 1990. In CDC surveillance summaries (June 10). MMWR 1994;43(No. SS-1):1-8.
7. Yeager KK, Anda RF, Macera CA, Donehoo RS, Eaker ED. Sedentary life style and state variation in coronary heart disease mortality. Public Health Rep 1995;110:100-2.
8. Byers T, Anda R, McQueen D, et al. The correspondence between coronary heart disease mortality and risk factor prevalence among states in the United States, 1991-1992. Prev Med 1998;27:311-6.
9. CDC. Heat-related illnesses and deaths-United States, 1994-1995. MMWR 1995;44:465-8.
10. Dockery DW, Pope CA III, Xu X, et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. New Engl J Med 1993;329:1753-9.
11. CDC. State tobacco control highlights - 1996. Atlanta: CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1996; publication no. 099-4895.
12. CDC. Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress - a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1989; DHHS publication no. (CDC)89-8411.
13. Foster WR, Burton BT, eds. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on the health implications of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985;103(suppl 6):1073-7.
14. Hubert HB. The importance of obesity in the development of coronary risk factors and disease: the epidemiological evidence. Annu Rev Public Health 1986;7:493-502.
15. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Johnson CL. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA 1994;272:205-11.
16. Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, et al. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Public Health 1987;8:253.
17. Pooling Project Research Group. Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: final report of the Pooling Project. J Chronic Dis 1978;31:202-306.
18. May GS, Eberlein KA, Furberg CD, Passamani ER, DeMets DL. Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction: a review of long term trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1982;24:331.
19. O'Connor GT, Buring JE, Yusaf S, et al. An overview of randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1989;80:234-44.
20. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Wing AL, Hyde RT. Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1978;108:161.
21. CDC. Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 1996.
22. Mulcahy, R. Influence of cigarette smoking on morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1983;49:410-5.
23. Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Research Group. Relationship of atherosclerosis in young men to serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and smoking. JAMA 1990;264:3018-24.
24. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46.
25. Grundy SM, Balady GJ, Criqui MH, et al. Guide to primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 1997;95:2329-31.
26. Burt VL, Culter JA, Higgins M, et al. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population: data from the Health Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. Hypertension 1995;26:60-9.
27. Barrett-Connor E, Orghard T. Diabetes and heart disease. In Diabetes in America. MI Harris, RF Hamman, eds. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, August 1985; NIH publication no. 85-1468.
28. Criqui MH, Barrett-Connor E, Holdbrook MJ, Austin M, Turner JD. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Prev Med 1980;9:525-33.
29. Gotto AM, Jr. Interactions of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. Am J Med 1986;80(suppl 2A):48-55.
30. Friedewald WT. Physical activity research and coronary heart disease. Public Health Rep 1985;100:115-7.
31. Jeffery RW. Community programs for obesity prevention: The Minnesota Heart Health Program. Obesity Research 1995;3(suppl;Sept 2):283s-88s.
32. Brownell KD. Public Health approaches to obesity and its management. Annu Rev Public Health 1986;7:521.
33. Public Health Service. Healthy people 2000: national health promotion and disease prevention objectives - full report, with commentary. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1991; DHHS publication no. (PHS) 91-50212.
34. Waksberg JS. Sampling methods for random digit dialing. J Am Stat Assoc 1978;73:40-6.
35. NCHS. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention - United States, 1990. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, April 1993; DHHS publication no. (PHS) 93-1513. (Vital and health statistics: data from the National Health Survey; series 10, no. 185).
36. Marks, JS, Hogelin GC, Gentry EM, et al. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys: state-specific prevalence estimates of behavioral risk factors. Am J Med 1995;1:1-8.
37. SAS Institute Inc. SAS® Companion for the MVS environment. Version 6, First edition, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 1990.
38. CDC. Epi Info, version 6: a word processing, database, and statistics system for epidemiology on microcomputers. Atlanta: Public Health Service, CDC, Epidemiology Program Office, July 1995.
39. CDC. Epi Map, version 2: an Epi Info- and dBASE-Compatible mapping program. Atlanta: Public Health Service, CDC, Epidemiology Program Office, September 1995.
40. Ohno Y, Aoki K, Aoki N. A test of significance for geographic clusters of disease. Int J Epidemiol 1979;8:273-81.
41. ATSDR. CLUSTER 3.1 Software system for epidemiologic analysis: instruction manual. Atlanta: Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, February 1993.
42. Friede A, Rosen DH, Reid JA. CDC WONDER: a cooperative processing architecture for public health. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1994;1:303-12.
43. th edition). Washington, DC, 1997.
44. Day JC, Curry AE. Educational attainment in the United States: March 1996 (Update). Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, July 1997. (Current population reports no. P20-493).
45. Hansen KA. Geographical mobility: March 1993 to March 1994. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, August 1995. (Current population reports no. P20-485).
46. Bowlin SJ, Morrill BD, Nafziger AN, Jenkins PL, Lewis C, Pearson TA. Validity of cardiovascular disease risk factors assessed by telephone survey: the Behavior Risk Factor Survey. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:561-71.
47. Giles WH, Croft JB, Keenan NL, Lane MJ, Wheeler FC. The validity of self-reported hypertension and correlates of hypertension awareness among blacks and whites within the stroke belt. Am J Prev Med 1995;11:163-9.
48. Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Grise V, Novotny TE, Davis RM. The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States. Am J Public Health 1989;79:1020-3.
49. Jackson C, Jatulis DE, Fortmann SP. The Behavioral Risk Factor Survey and the Stanford Five-City Project Survey: a comparison of cardiovascular risk behavior estimates. Am J Public Health 1992;82:412-6.
50. Thornberry OT, Massey JT. Trends in United States telephone coverage across time and subgroups. In Groves RM, Biemer PP, Lyberg LE, Massey JT, Nicholls WL, Waksberg J, eds. Telephone survey methodology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989.