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3543107009
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2O is unit activity of the pure component at any temperature and pressure.
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16
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3543104630
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note
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i at high temperatures and pressures eliminates the need to calculate the high-temperature and high-pressure values of the standard Gibbs free energies of the elements.
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3543062575
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note
-
Because the activities of amino acids in vent fluids are not currently known, we set the activity values to zero. This assumption will introduce only minimal error in mixed hydrothermal solutions unless the concentrations of free amino acids in 350°C vent fluids are substantially higher than the concentrations in seawater.
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26
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3543119813
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note
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C (22) in an amino acid, the sum of the nominal oxidation states for each carbon atom is divided by the total number of carbon atoms in the compound. A carbon atom is assigned a nominal charge of - 1 for each bond to a hydrogen atom; 0 for each bond to another carbon atom; and +1 for each bond to an oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom.
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30
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+).
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34
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3543088299
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personal communication
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M. Lilley, personal communication.
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3543091819
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note
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Although likely to be lower, the activities of amino acids in deep seawater are conservatively estimated to be equal to the activities of amino acids in surface seawater.
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37
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3543118656
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in preparation
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R. G. Keil, in preparation.
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note
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We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful critique of an earlier version of this manuscript and H. Helgeson, G. Olsen, R. Keil, M. Lilley, T. McCollom, M. Schulte, J. Deming, J. Baross, M. Summit, A. Playsunov, M. Zolotov, P. Prapaipong, and G. Chan for many helpful discussions. Financial support was provided by NSF grant OCE-9714288 and by NASA grant NAC5-4002. This is GEOPIG contribution 162.
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