Mechanisms behind drug addiction;Mekanismer bak rusavhengighet

Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening

Volumn 118, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 1866-1869

  Strugstad, Elisabeth ^a   Sager, Georg ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANNABINOID; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; NARCOTIC AGENT; OPIATE RECEPTOR; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

ADDICTION; CONDITIONED REFLEX; DRUG EFFECT; EUPHORIA; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

CANNABINOIDS; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; EUPHORIA; HALLUCINOGENS; HUMANS; NARCOTICS; RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE; RECEPTORS, OPIOID; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0032503080     PISSN: 00292001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Christen AG, Christen JA. Why is cigarette smoking so addicting? An overview of smoking as a chemical and process addiction. Health Values 1994; 18: 17-24.
2. Lindstrøm L. Managing alcoholism: matching clients to treatments. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, 1992: 47-107.
3. O'Brien CP. Drug addiction and drug abuse. I: Hardman JG, Limbard LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, red. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9. utg. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996: 557-77.
4. Stewart J, Badiani A. Tolerance and sensitization to the behavioral effects of drugs. Behav Pharmacol 1993; 4: 289-312.
5. Gold MS, Miller NS. Seeking drugs/alcohol and avoiding withdrawal: the neuroanatomy of drive states and withdrawal. Psychiatr Ann 1992; 22: 430-5.
6. DuPont RL, Gold MS. Withdrawal and reward: implications for detoxification and relapse prevention. Psychiatr Ann 1995; 25: 663-8.
7. Olds J. Hypothalamic substrates of reward. Physiol Rev 1962; 42: 554-604.
8. Valenstein ES. Problems of measurement and interpretation with reinforcing brain stimulation. Psychol Rev 1964; 71: 415-38.
9. Glickman SE, Schiff BB. A biological theory of reinforcement. Psychol Rev 1967; 74: 81-109.
10. Yokel RA, Wise RA. Increased lever pressing for amphetamine after pimozide in rats: implications for a dopamine theory of reward. Science 1975; 187: 547-9.
11. Altman J, Everitt BJ, Glautier S, Markou A, Nutt D, Oretti R et al. The biological, social and clinical bases of drug addiction: commentary and debate. Psychopharmacology 1996; 125: 285-345.
12. Spyraki C, Fibiger HC, Phillips AG. Dopaminergic substrates of amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning. Brain Res 1982; 253: 185-93.
13. Salamone JD. The behavioral neurochemistry of motivation: methodological and conceptual issues in studies of the dynamic activity of nucleus accumbens dopamine. J Neurosci Methods 1996; 64: 137-49.
14. Bardo MT, Donohew RL, Harrington NG. Psychobiology of novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior. Behav Brain Res 1996; 77: 23-43.
15. DiChiara G, Acquas E, Carboni E. Drug motivation and abuse: a neurobiological perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 654: 207-19.
16. Lewis MJ. Alcohol reinforcement and neuropharmacological therapeutics. Alcohol Alcohol 1996; 31: 17-25.
17. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fischman MW, Foltin RW, Fowler JS, Abumrad NN et al. Relationship between subjective effects of cocaine and dopamine transporter occupancy. Nature 1997; 386: 827-30.
18. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Gatley SJ, Hitzemann R et al. Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects. Nature 1997; 386: 830-3.
19. Nutt DJ. Addiction: brain mechanisms and their treatment implications. Lancet 1996; 347: 31-6.
20. Lewis MJ. Alcohol: mechanisms of addiction and reinforcement. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse 1990; 9: 47-66.
21. Morgenstern J, Langenbucher J, Labouvie EW. The generalizability of the dependence syndrome across substances: an examination of some properties of the proposed DSM-IV dependence criteria. Addiction 1994; 89: 1105-13.
22. White SR, Obradovic T, Imel KM, Wheaton MJ. The effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, «ecstacy») on monoaminergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 1996; 49: 455-79.
23. Adams JB, Martin BR. Cannabis: pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans. Addiction 1996; 91: 1585-614.
24. Lepore M, Vorel SR, Lowinson J, Gardner EL. Conditioned place preference induced by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: comparison with cocaine, morphine, and food reward. Life Sci 1995; 56: 2073-80.
25. Chen J, Paredes W, Li J, Smith D, Lowinson J, Gardner EL. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol produces naloxone-blockable enhancement of presynaptic basal dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of conscious, freely-moving rats as measured by intracerebral microdialysis. Psychopharmacology 1990; 102: 156-62.
26. Aceto MD, Scates SM, Lowe JA, Martin BR. Dependence on Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: Studies on precipitated and abrupt withdrawal. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 278: 1290-5.
27. Pavlov IP. Conditioned reflexes. New York: Dover, 1960.
28. Goldberg SR. Stimuli associated with drug injections as events that control behavior. Pharmacol Rev 1976; 27: 325-40.
29. O'Brien CP, Childress AR, McLellan AT, Ehrman R. Classical conditioning in drug-dependent humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 654: 400-15.
30. Stewart J. Neurobiology of conditioning to drugs of abuse. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 654: 335-46.
31. Thompson T, Ostlund W. Susceptibility to readdiction as a function of the addiction and withdrawal environments. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1965; 60: 388-92.
32. Drummond DC, Cooper T, Glautier SP. Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment. Br J Addict 1990; 85: 725-43.