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1
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0028224647
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Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis
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An interesting review on the possible factors which can mediate the suppressive effect of pregnancy on EAE. From laboratory animal data the author draws fascinating theories about the immunomodulatory effect of pregnancy in humans
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Abramsky O. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 36:1994;38-41. An interesting review on the possible factors which can mediate the suppressive effect of pregnancy on EAE. From laboratory animal data the author draws fascinating theories about the immunomodulatory effect of pregnancy in humans.
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Ann. Neurol.
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Abramsky, O.1
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2
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0029655738
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Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in the prevention of childbirth-associated acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
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The authors carried out the first therapeutic trial in an attempt to prevent MS relapses after delivery. IVIg is reported to be an effective and safe treatment
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Achiron A., Rostein Z., Noy S. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in the prevention of childbirth-associated acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. J. Neurol. 243:1996;25-28. The authors carried out the first therapeutic trial in an attempt to prevent MS relapses after delivery. IVIg is reported to be an effective and safe treatment.
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J. Neurol.
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Achiron, A.1
Rostein, Z.2
Noy, S.3
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4
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0028804508
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Stroke and pregnancy
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Records of 946 Saudi patients with strokes were evaluated. Among these, 12 patients were pregnant or postpartum at the onset of stroke. The authors conclude that the risk of stroke is only slightly elevated during pregnancy
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Awada A., Rajeh S.A., Duarte R., Russell N. Stroke and pregnancy. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 48:1995;157-161. Records of 946 Saudi patients with strokes were evaluated. Among these, 12 patients were pregnant or postpartum at the onset of stroke. The authors conclude that the risk of stroke is only slightly elevated during pregnancy.
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Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet.
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Awada, A.1
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0010617025
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Please supply reference
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Benshushan et al., 1994. Please supply reference.
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Benshushan1
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6
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0029563783
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Effects of immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy
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Bermas B., Hill J. Effects of immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. 38:1995;1722-1732.
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Arthritis Rheum.
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0027620842
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Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy
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A review in which the clinical features, the specific approaches and the nursing management of the pregnant patient with myasthenia are clearly described. It also provides useful therapeutic indications for currently used agents considered safe in pregnancy
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Burke M.E. Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. J. Perinat. Neonat. Nurs. 7:1993;7-21. A review in which the clinical features, the specific approaches and the nursing management of the pregnant patient with myasthenia are clearly described. It also provides useful therapeutic indications for currently used agents considered safe in pregnancy.
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Burke, M.E.1
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Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Review of 67 cases
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Cantú C., Barinagarrementeria F. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Review of 67 cases. Stroke. 24(12):1993;1880-1884.
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Clark, R.B.1
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0028354979
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CLASP collaborative group randomised trial of low-dose aspirin for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia among 9364 pregnant women
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The effects of 60 mg/kg aspirin during pregnancy was evaluated. There was no significant change in the incidence of proteinuric pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth or neonatal death. However, aspirin significantly reduced the likelihood of preterm delivery in women with early onset pre-eclampsia. The risk of bleeding complications of the fetus, newborn or mother was not increased compared to non-ASA treated mothers
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CLASP Collaborative Group Randomised trial of low-dose aspirin for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia among 9364 pregnant women. Lancet. 343:1994;619-629. The effects of 60 mg/kg aspirin during pregnancy was evaluated. There was no significant change in the incidence of proteinuric pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth or neonatal death. However, aspirin significantly reduced the likelihood of preterm delivery in women with early onset pre-eclampsia. The risk of bleeding complications of the fetus, newborn or mother was not increased compared to non-ASA treated mothers.
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Lancet
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Pediatrics
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Duquette, P.1
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0027468512
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Dekker G.A., Sibai B.M. Low-dose aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation: rationale, mechanisms, and clinical trials. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 168:1993;214-227.
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0026840949
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Consensus guidelines: Preconception counseling, management and care of the pregnant women with epilepsy
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Their consensus guidelines were based on discussions during the July 13, 1990, Workshop and the July 14, 1990, International Symposium led by the two authors
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Delgado-Escueta A.V., Janz D. Consensus guidelines: preconception counseling, management and care of the pregnant women with epilepsy. Neurology. 42:1992;149-160. Their consensus guidelines were based on discussions during the July 13, 1990, Workshop and the July 14, 1990, International Symposium led by the two authors.
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Delgado-Escueta, A.V.1
Janz, D.2
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0028199946
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Neurovascular emergencies in pregnancy
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This is an excellent review of the incidence rate, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation and management of hemorrhages from an aneurysm or an arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy and puerperium
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Dias M.S. Neurovascular emergencies in pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 37(2):1994;337-354. This is an excellent review of the incidence rate, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation and management of hemorrhages from an aneurysm or an arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy and puerperium.
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Dias, M.S.1
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Diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders in pregnancy
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Adams, H.P. Jr. (Ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York
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Digre, K.B., Varner, M.W., 1993. Diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders in pregnancy. In: Adams, H.P. Jr. (Ed.) Handbook of cerebrovascular diseases. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 255-286.
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Digre, K.B.1
Varner, M.W.2
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23
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0027522696
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Cranial magnetic resonance imaging in severe preeclampsia vs eclampsia
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2 weighted images of the eclamptic women which were resolved in the great majority of the cases on repeated follow-up studies
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2 weighted images of the eclamptic women which were resolved in the great majority of the cases on repeated follow-up studies.
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The most commonly occurring disorders complicating pregnancy and puerperium and their treatment are briefly discussed
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Ruptured intracranial aneurysm in pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature
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Acute coagulopathy in pregnancy
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0028904618
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Stroke in pregnancy and puerperium: What magnitude of risk? (editorial)
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Current data about incidence rates, risk factors and management of arterial occlusions, intracranial venous thromboses, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations are briefly reviewed. Difficulties in assessing real risks, types and outcome of strokes during pregnancy are discussed
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Grosset D.G., Ebrahim S., Bone I., Warlow C. Stroke in pregnancy and puerperium: what magnitude of risk? (editorial). J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 58:1995;129-131. Current data about incidence rates, risk factors and management of arterial occlusions, intracranial venous thromboses, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations are briefly reviewed. Difficulties in assessing real risks, types and outcome of strokes during pregnancy are discussed.
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Anticonvulsant teratogenesis: I. A study design for newborn infants
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The authors identified 180 drug-exposed and 218 epilepsy history infants. There was a significant increase in malformations among the drug-exposed infants in comparison to unexposed infants irrespective of epilepsy history
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Holmes L.B., Harvey E.A., Brown K.S., Hayes A.M., Khoshbin S. Anticonvulsant teratogenesis: I. A study design for newborn infants. Teratology. 49:1994;202-207. The authors identified 180 drug-exposed and 218 epilepsy history infants. There was a significant increase in malformations among the drug-exposed infants in comparison to unexposed infants irrespective of epilepsy history.
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Holmes, L.B.1
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James W.H. Pregnancy, the puerperium, hormones and multiple sclerosis. Brain. 118:1995;1617-1618.
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Multiple Sclerosis Study Group: Copolymer I reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
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0026846164
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To assess the relative contribution of antiepileptic drugs to the occurrence of malformations the authors compared two prospective studies. They analyzed the doses for 14 antiepileptic drugs and eight other factors. The total dose and polytherapy were suspected to be primary factors for increased incidence of congenital malformations
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Kaneko S., Otani K., Kondo T. Malformation on infants of mothers with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 42:1992;68-74. To assess the relative contribution of antiepileptic drugs to the occurrence of malformations the authors compared two prospective studies. They analyzed the doses for 14 antiepileptic drugs and eight other factors. The total dose and polytherapy were suspected to be primary factors for increased incidence of congenital malformations.
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Kaneko, S.1
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0029000913
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Specific conditions, such as pregnancy, hormonal therapy, migraine headaches, antiphospholipid antibodies and rheumatologic disorders predispose women to cerebral ischemia. Special causes of ischemic strokes during pregnancy and their treatment are discussed
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Knepper L.E., Giuliani M.J. Cerebrovascular disease in women. Cardiology. 86:1995;339-348. Specific conditions, such as pregnancy, hormonal therapy, migraine headaches, antiphospholipid antibodies and rheumatologic disorders predispose women to cerebral ischemia. Special causes of ischemic strokes during pregnancy and their treatment are discussed.
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Knepper, L.E.1
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0027981052
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Anticonvulsant teratogenesis: 2. Statistical methods for multiple birth outcomes
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The authors demonstrate the application of generalized estimating equations to assess an exposure effect using multiple birth outcomes
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Legler J.M., Ryan L.M., Harvey E.A., Holmes L.B. Anticonvulsant teratogenesis: 2. Statistical methods for multiple birth outcomes. Teratology. 50:1994;74-79. The authors demonstrate the application of generalized estimating equations to assess an exposure effect using multiple birth outcomes.
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Legler, J.M.1
Ryan, L.M.2
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0028968057
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Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebral thromboembolism: The influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease
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Lidegaard O. Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebral thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease. Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 102:1995;153-159.
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Lindhout D. Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis in two consecutive cohorts: changes in prescription policy paralleled by change in pattern of malformations. Neurology. 42:1992;94-110.
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Neurology
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Lindhout, D.1
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0026843022
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Pharmacogenetics and drug interactions: Role in antiepileptic-drug-induced teratogenesis
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Reviews the role of the metabolic and pharmacogenetic interactions in the antiepileptic-drug-induced teratogenesis. The author provides a critical evaluation of studies, which predict a normal or abnormal outcome of pregnancy
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Lindhout D. Pharmacogenetics and drug interactions: role in antiepileptic-drug-induced teratogenesis. Neurology. 42(Suppl 5):1992;43-47. Reviews the role of the metabolic and pharmacogenetic interactions in the antiepileptic-drug-induced teratogenesis. The author provides a critical evaluation of studies, which predict a normal or abnormal outcome of pregnancy.
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Neurology
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Lindhout, D.1
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0026486992
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Pregnancy and the risk of teratogenicity
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Reviews the incidence and types of the antiepileptic-drug-induced malformations, the role of dosage, therapeutical strategies, genetic predisposition and folic acid level to drug-induced teratogenesis. Prenatal diagnosis and future prospects are also discussed
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Lindhout D., Omtzigt J.G.C. Pregnancy and the risk of teratogenicity. Epilepsia. 33(Suppl 4):1992;41-48. Reviews the incidence and types of the antiepileptic-drug-induced malformations, the role of dosage, therapeutical strategies, genetic predisposition and folic acid level to drug-induced teratogenesis. Prenatal diagnosis and future prospects are also discussed.
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Epilepsia
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Lindhout, D.1
Omtzigt, J.G.C.2
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52
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0028296107
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Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: Implications for the management of epilepsy in women of childbearing age
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Reviews the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs, the impact of dosage and polypharmacy on teratogenic risk, the role of genetic predisposition and the folic acid supplementation to drug-induced teratogenesis. Strategies are highlighted for preventing antiepileptic-drug-induced birth defects
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Lindhout D., Omtzigt J.G.C. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: implications for the management of epilepsy in women of childbearing age. Epilepsia. 35(Suppl 4):1994;19-28. Reviews the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs, the impact of dosage and polypharmacy on teratogenic risk, the role of genetic predisposition and the folic acid supplementation to drug-induced teratogenesis. Strategies are highlighted for preventing antiepileptic-drug-induced birth defects.
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Management of patients receiving interferon beta-1B for multiple sclerosis: Report of a consensus conference
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A recent and exhaustive article on the effectiveness and safety of the most important new medication for long-term therapy of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Detailed guidelines for the drug administration are provided
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Lublin F.D., Whitaker J.N., Eidelman B.H., Miller A.E., Amason B.G.W., Burks J.S. Management of patients receiving interferon beta-1B for multiple sclerosis: report of a consensus conference. Neurology. 46:1996;12-18. A recent and exhaustive article on the effectiveness and safety of the most important new medication for long-term therapy of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Detailed guidelines for the drug administration are provided.
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Burks, J.S.6
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54
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Martin, R., Hohlfield, R., McFarland, H., 1996. Multiple sclerosis. In: Brandt, T., Caplan, L., Dichgans, J., Diener, H.C., Kennard, C. (Eds.), Neurological disorders: course and treatment. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 483-505.
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57
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An excellent review in which etiology, early diagnosis and management of neonatal myasthenia gravis are described in detail. Particular relevance is given to the pathophysiologic aspects of the disease
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Papazian O. Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis. J. Child Neurol. 7:1992;135-141. An excellent review in which etiology, early diagnosis and management of neonatal myasthenia gravis are described in detail. Particular relevance is given to the pathophysiologic aspects of the disease.
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Papazian, O.1
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58
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A large, exhaustive review in which the author critically summarizes of 225 myasthenic patients with a total of 322 pregnancies. He reports that pregnancy has a variable and unpredictable effect on myasthenic clinical course. Furthermore, guidelines for management and treatment of the disease are suggested
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Plauche W.C. Myasthenia gravis in mothers and their newborns. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 34:1991;82-99. A large, exhaustive review in which the author critically summarizes of 225 myasthenic patients with a total of 322 pregnancies. He reports that pregnancy has a variable and unpredictable effect on myasthenic clinical course. Furthermore, guidelines for management and treatment of the disease are suggested.
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59
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60
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0027362720
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Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study of 125 remittent patients
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The first extensive clinic-based prospective epidemiological study on the relationship between pregnancy and MS performed on a cohort of 125 relapsing-remitting patients. While gestation does not increase the relapse rate, in the puerperium there is a three-fold increase in the relapse rate per year. The long-term disability is not affected by pregnancy
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Roullet R., Verdier-Taillefer M.H., Amarenco P., Gharbi P., Alperovitch A., Marteau R. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study of 125 remittent patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 56:1993;1062-1065. The first extensive clinic-based prospective epidemiological study on the relationship between pregnancy and MS performed on a cohort of 125 relapsing-remitting patients. While gestation does not increase the relapse rate, in the puerperium there is a three-fold increase in the relapse rate per year. The long-term disability is not affected by pregnancy.
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Roullet, R.1
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Marteau, R.6
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61
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Pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of onset and a better prognosis in multiple sclerosis
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A detailed prospective study on the effects of pregnancy on MS. The analysis is deliberately focused on the onset bouts. Pregnancy seems to provide the following favorable effects: a protection from the onset bout, a decrease of MS onset in parous women and a beneficial outcome on long-term prognosis. Interesting hypotheses on the protective effect of pregnancy on MS are formulated
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Runmarker B., Andersen O. Pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of onset and a better prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 118:1995;253-261. A detailed prospective study on the effects of pregnancy on MS. The analysis is deliberately focused on the onset bouts. Pregnancy seems to provide the following favorable effects: a protection from the onset bout, a decrease of MS onset in parous women and a beneficial outcome on long-term prognosis. Interesting hypotheses on the protective effect of pregnancy on MS are formulated.
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Runmarker, B.1
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62
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An useful prospective assessment of pregnancy on MS. The interesting and encouraging results show that neither pregnancy nor puerperium is a risk factor for relapse in MS. In contrast to other studies, the authors point out that the post-partum period is not associated with an increase of relapses
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Sadovnich A.D., Eisen K., Hashimoto S.A., Farquhar R., Yee I., Hooge J., Kastrukoff I., Oger J., Paty D.W. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 51:1994;1120-1124. An useful prospective assessment of pregnancy on MS. The interesting and encouraging results show that neither pregnancy nor puerperium is a risk factor for relapse in MS. In contrast to other studies, the authors point out that the post-partum period is not associated with an increase of relapses.
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Kastrukoff, I.7
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63
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Janz, D., Dam, M., Richens, A., Bossi, L., Helge, H., Schmidt, D. (Eds.) Raven Press, New York The author compiled the results of 27 studies. Of the 2165 patients included in these studies, 24% experienced an increase in seizure frequency, 22% experienced a decrease in seizure frequency, and 53% experienced no change in seizure frequency
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Schmidt, D., 1982. The effect of pregnancy on the natural history of epilepsy:review of the literature. In: Janz, D., Dam, M., Richens, A., Bossi, L., Helge, H., Schmidt, D. (Eds.), Epilepsy, pregnancy and the child. Raven Press, New York, pp. 3-14. The author compiled the results of 27 studies. Of the 2165 patients included in these studies, 24% experienced an increase in seizure frequency, 22% experienced a decrease in seizure frequency, and 53% experienced no change in seizure frequency.
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67
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Sharshar T., Lamy C., Mas J.L. Incidence and causes of stroke associated with pregnancy and puerperium. A study in public hospitals of Ile de France. Stroke. 26(6):1995;930-936.
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68
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Chronic and gestational hypertension and hypertension associated with preeclampsia are discussed. Potential treatments and their side effects including teratogenic effects are described
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Sibai B.M. Treatment of hypertension in pregnant women. Drug Ther. 335(4):1996;257-265. Chronic and gestational hypertension and hypertension associated with preeclampsia are discussed. Potential treatments and their side effects including teratogenic effects are described.
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The authors reviewed stroke occurrence in a 6.5-year period from 1984 to mid-1990 in Parkland Memorial Hospital. They found that the incidence of stroke was about one in 6000 pregnancies. Chronic hypertension and preeclampsia play an important causative role in hemorrhagic strokes
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Simolke G.A., Cox S.M., Cunningham F.G. Cerebrovascular accidents complicating pregnancy and the puerperium. Obstet. Gynecol. 78(1):1991;37-42. The authors reviewed stroke occurrence in a 6.5-year period from 1984 to mid-1990 in Parkland Memorial Hospital. They found that the incidence of stroke was about one in 6000 pregnancies. Chronic hypertension and preeclampsia play an important causative role in hemorrhagic strokes.
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73
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Pregnancy and fetal complications in epileptic pregnancies:a review of the literature
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In: Janz, D., Dam, M., Richens, A., Bossil, B., Helge, H., Schmidt, D., (Eds.) Raven Press, New York
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Teramo, K., Hiilesmaa, V.K. (1982). Pregnancy and fetal complications in epileptic pregnancies:a review of the literature. In: Janz, D., Dam, M., Richens, A., Bossil, B., Helge, H., Schmidt, D., (Eds.), Epilepsy, pregnancy and the child. Raven Press, New York, pp. 53-59.
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Epilepsy, Pregnancy and the Child
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Teramo, K.1
Hiilesmaa, V.K.2
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74
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0028299243
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Epilepsy and pregnancy: A prospective study of seizure control in relation to free and total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and phenytoin
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Total plasma concentrations of these AED-s may be misleading and monitoring of free concentrations, in particular of phenytoin, may be advantageous during pregnancy
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Tomson T., Lindborn U., Ekqvist B., Sundqvist A. Epilepsy and pregnancy: a prospective study of seizure control in relation to free and total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and phenytoin. Epilepsia. 35:1994;122-130. Total plasma concentrations of these AED-s may be misleading and monitoring of free concentrations, in particular of phenytoin, may be advantageous during pregnancy.
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Epilepsia
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Tomson, T.1
Lindborn, U.2
Ekqvist, B.3
Sundqvist, A.4
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75
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0027138274
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Recommendations on the use of folic acid supplementation to prevent the recurrence of neural tube defects
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The authors are members of the Clinical Teratology Committee of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists. This is an authoritative review of the role of folic acid in the occurrence of neural tube defects. The authors outline recommendations for the use of folic acid for prevention
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Van Allen M.I., Fraser F.C., Dallaire L.et al. Recommendations on the use of folic acid supplementation to prevent the recurrence of neural tube defects. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 149:1993;1239-1243. The authors are members of the Clinical Teratology Committee of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists. This is an authoritative review of the role of folic acid in the occurrence of neural tube defects. The authors outline recommendations for the use of folic acid for prevention.
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76
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Magnetic resonance evaluation of disease activity during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis
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A noteworthy article regarding a serial MRI study of two pregnant MS patients. It supports the view that pregnancy reduces the disease activity
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Van Walderveen, M.A.A., Tas, M.W., Barkhof, F., Polman, C.H., Frequin, S.T.F., Hommes, O.R., Valk, J., 1994. Magnetic resonance evaluation of disease activity during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 44, 327-329. A noteworthy article regarding a serial MRI study of two pregnant MS patients. It supports the view that pregnancy reduces the disease activity.
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Van Walderveen, M.A.A.1
Tas, M.W.2
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Polman, C.H.4
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78
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Ischemic cerebrovascular complication of pregnancy
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The author found that pregnancy increased the risk of ischemic strokes by 13-fold. While arterial occlusions tend to occur mostly during pregnancy, cerebral venous thromboses are more frequent in puerperium. Possible causes of cerebral ischemia and hemorrhages and their characteristics and treatment are discussed
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Wiebers D.O. Ischemic cerebrovascular complication of pregnancy. Arch. Neurol. 42:1985;1106-1113. The author found that pregnancy increased the risk of ischemic strokes by 13-fold. While arterial occlusions tend to occur mostly during pregnancy, cerebral venous thromboses are more frequent in puerperium. Possible causes of cerebral ischemia and hemorrhages and their characteristics and treatment are discussed.
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Worthington J., Jones R., Crawford M., Forti N. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: a 3-year prospective study. J. Neurol. 241:1994;228-233.
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Jones, R.2
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Forti, N.4
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82
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Problems and management of the pregnant woman with epilepsy
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The author was able to record the fetal heart rate of a fetus whose mother experienced a generalized seizure. The seizure lasted less than 1 min, the fetal heart rate was significantly depressed for over 20 min after the fit
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Yerby M.S. Problems and management of the pregnant woman with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 28:1987;29-36. The author was able to record the fetal heart rate of a fetus whose mother experienced a generalized seizure. The seizure lasted less than 1 min, the fetal heart rate was significantly depressed for over 20 min after the fit.
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Epilepsia
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Yerby, M.S.1
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Koren, G.4
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