Artificial maturation of an immature sulfur- and organic matter-rich limestone from the Ghareb Formation, Jordan

Organic Geochemistry

Volumn 28, Issue 7-8, 1998, Pages 503-521

  Koopmans, Martin P ^a   Rijpstra, W Irene C ^a   De Leeuw, Jan W ^a   Lewan, Michael D ^b   Damsté, Jaap S Sinninghe ^a  

^a ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^b DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Alkylbenzo b thiophenes; Alkylthiophenes; Biomarkers; Ghareb Formation; Hydrous pyrolysis; Organic sulfur compounds

Indexed keywords

ALKYLBENZOTHIOPHENE; ALKYLTHIOPHENE; CATAGENESIS; DIAGENESIS; GHAREB FORMATION; HYDROUS PYROLYSIS;

BIOMARKERS; HYDROCARBONS; LIMESTONE; OIL BEARING FORMATIONS; PYROLYSIS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

GEOCHEMISTRY;

DIAGENESIS; HYDROCARBON GEOCHEMISTRY; LIMESTONE; MATURATION;

JORDAN;

EID: 0032485807     PISSN: 01466380     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00015-1     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Abbott G. D., Wang G. Y., Eglinton T. I., Home A. K., Petch G. S. The kinetics of sterane biological marker release and degradation processes during the hydrous pyrolysis of vitrinite kerogen. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 54:1990;2451-2461.
2. Adam P., Schmid J. C., Albrecht P. 2α and 3β steroid thiols from reductive cleavage of macromolecular petroleum fraction. Tetrahedron Letters. 32:1991;2955-2958.
3. Adam P., Schmid J. C., Mycke B., Strazielle C., Connan J., Huc A., Riva A., Albrecht P. Structural investigation of nonpolar sulphur cross-linked macromolecules in petroleum. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57:1993;3395-3419.
4. Aizenshtat Z., Krein E. B., Vairavamurthy M. A., Goldstein T. P. Role of sulfur in the transformations of sedimentary organic matter: A mechanistic overview. In Geochemical Transformations of Sedimentary Sulfur, eds. M. A. Vairavamurthy and M. A. A. Schoonen. ACS Symposium Series. 612:1995;16-37.
5. Aquino Neto, F. R., Trendel, J. M., Restlé, A., Connan, J. and Albrecht, P. A. (1983) Occurrence and formation of tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes in sediments and petroleums. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1981, ed. M. Bjorøy et al., pp. 659-667. Wiley, London.
6. Bishop A. N., Abbott G. D. The interrelationship of biological marker maturity parameters and molecular yields during contact metamorphism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57:1993;3661-3668.
7. 19 monoolefins from marine zooplankton, fishes, and mammals. Science. 148:1965;370-371.
8. 19 di- and triolefinic hydrocarbons in marine zooplankton and fishes. Biochemistry. 8:1969;4067-4074.
9. Brassell S. C., Lewis C. A., de Leeuw J. W., de Lange F., Sinninghe Damsté J. S. Isoprenoid thiophenes: Novel products of sediment diagenesis? Nature. 320:1986;160-162.
10. Bray E. E., Evans E. D. Distribution of n-paraffins as a clue to recognition of source beds. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 22:1961;2-15.
11. Chicarelli M. I., Aquino Neto F. R., Albrecht P. Occurrence of four stereoisomeric tricyclic terpane series in immature Brazilian shales. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 52:1988;1955-1959.
12. Claxton, M. J., Patience, R. L. and Park, P. J. D. (1993) Molecular modelling of bond energies in potential kerogen sub-units. In Organic Geochemistry, ed. K. Øygard, pp. 198-201. Falch Hurtigtrykk, Oslo.
13. Eglinton T. I., Douglas A. G. Quantitative study of biomarker hydrocarbon releases from kerogen during hydrous pyrolysis. Energy and Fuels. 2:1988;81-88.
14. 20 isoprenoid thiophenes in modern sediments. Organic Geochemistry. 18:1992;83-91.
15. Goossens H., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A., Brassell S. C. Tocopherols as likely precursors of pristane in ancient sediments and crude oils. Nature. 312:1984;440-442.
16. de Graaf W., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., de Leeuw J. W. Laboratory simulation of natural sulphurisation: I. Formation of monomeric and oligomeric isoprenoid polysulphides by low-temperature reactions of inorganic polysulphides with phytol and phytadienes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 56:1992;4321-4328.
17. de Graaf, W., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S. and de Leeuw, J. W. (1995) Low-temperature addition of hydrogen polysulfides to olefins: Formation of 2,2′-dialkyl polysulfides from alk-1-enes and cyclic (poly)sulfides and polymeric organic sulfur compounds from α, ω-dienes. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions I, 635-640.
18. ten Haven H. L., de Leeuw J. W., Peakman T. M., Maxwell J. R. Anomalies in steroid and hopanoid maturity indices. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 50:1986;853-855.
19. Hefter J., Hauke V., Richnow H. H., Michaelis W. Alkanoic subunits in sulfur-rich geomacromolecules. Information from stepwise chemical degradation and compound-specific isotopic analysis. In Geochemical Transformations of Sedimentary Sulfur, eds. M. A. Vairavamurthy and M. A. A. Schoonen. ACS Symposium Series. 612:1995;93-109.
20. Ho T. Y., Rogers M. A., Drushel H. V., Koons C. B. Evolution of sulfur compounds in crude oils. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 58:1974;2338-2348.
21. Hofmann I. C., Hutchison J., Robson J. N., Chicarelli M. I., Maxwell J. R. Evidence for sulphide links in a crude oil asphaltene and kerogens from reductive cleavage by lithium in ethylamine. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1991, eds. C. B. Eckhardt, J. R. Maxwell, S. R. Larter and D. A. C. Manning, Pergamon, Oxford. Organic Geochemistry. 19:1992;371-387.
22. Hussler G., Connan J., Albrecht P. Novel families of tetra- and hexacyclic aromatic hopanoids predominant in carbonate rocks and crude oils. Organic Geochemistry. 6:1984;39-49.
23. 13C contents of free and sulphur-bound carbon skeletons in a single marl bed Organic Geochemistry. 23:1995;485-526.
24. 30 highly branched isoprenoid sulphur compounds: Further evidence for the formation of organically bound sulphur during early diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 54:1990;3053-3063.
25. Kohnen M. E. L., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Rijpstra W. I. C., de Leeuw J. W. Alkylthiophenes as sensitive indicators of palaeoenvironmental changes: A study of a Cretaceous oil shale from Jordan. In Geochemistry of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels, eds. W. L. Orr and C. M. White. ACS Symposium Series. 249:1990;444-485.
26. Kohnen M. E. L., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Leeuw J. W. Di- or polysulphide-bound biomarkers in sulphur-rich geomacromolecules as revealed by selective chemolysis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 55:1991;1375-1394.
27. Kohnen M. E. L., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Baas M., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Leeuw J. W. Sulphur-bound steroid and phytane carbon skeletons in geomacromolecules: Implications for the mechanism of incorporation of sulphur into organic matter. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57:1993;2515-2528.
28. Koopmans M. P., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Lewan M. D., de Leeuw J. W. Thermal stability of thiophene biomarkers as studied by hydrous pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry. 23:1995;583-596.
29. Koopmans M. P., de Leeuw J. W., Lewan M. D., Sinninghe Damsté J. S. Impact of dia- and catagenesis on sulphur and oxygen sequestration of biomarkers as revealed by artificial maturation of an immature sedimentary rock. Organic Geochemistry. 25:1996;391-426.
30. 38 unsaturated ketones in an immature kerogen and the release of their carbon skeletons during early stages of thermal maturation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61:1997;2397-2408.
31. Köster J., van Kaam-Peters H. M. E., Koopmans M. P., de Leeuw J. W., Sinninghe Damsté J. S. Sulphurisation of homohopanoids: Effects on carbon number distribution, speciation and 22S/22R epimer ratios. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61:1997;2431-2452.
32. Krein E. B., Aizenshtat Z. The formation of isoprenoid sulfur compounds during diagenesis: Simulated sulfur incorporation and thermal transformation. Organic Geochemistry. 21:1994;1015-1025.
33. Krein E. B., Aizenshtat Z. Proposed thermal pathways for sulfur transformations in organic macromolecules: Laboratory simulation experiments. In Geochemical Transformations of Sedimentary Sulfur, eds. M. A. Vairavamurthy and M. A. A. Schoonen. ACS Symposium Series. 612:1995;110-137.
34. Lewan, M. D. (1993) Laboratory simulation of petroleum formation: Hydrous pyrolysis. In Organic Geochemistry: Principles and Applications, eds. M. H. Engel and S. A. Macko, pp. 419-442. Plenum Press, New York.
35. Lewan M. D. Experiments on the role of water in petroleum formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61:1997;3691-3723.
36. Lewan M. D., Winters J. C., MacDonald J. H. Generation of oil-like pyrolysates from organic-rich shales. Science. 203:1979;897-899.
37. Lewan M. D., Bjorøy M., Dolcater D. L. Effects of thermal maturity on steroid hydrocarbons as determined by hydrous pyrolysis of Phosphoria Retort Shale. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 50:1986;1977-1987.
38. Mackenzie, A. S. (1984) Applications of biological markers in petroleum geochemistry. In Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry, eds. J. Brooks and D. Welte, Vol. 1, pp. 115-214. Academic Press, London.
39. Mackenzie A. S., Patience R. L., Maxwell J. R., Vandenbroucke M., Durand B. Molecular parameters of maturation in the Toarcian shales, Paris Basin, France-I. Changes in the configurations of acyclic isoprenoid alkanes, steranes and triterpanes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 44:1980;1709-1721.
40. Payzant J. D., Montgomerey D. S., Strausz O. P. Novel terpenoid sulfoxides and sulfides in petroleum. Tetrahedron Letters. 24:1983;651-654.
41. Payzant, J. D., Cyr, T. D., Montgomerey, D. S. and Strausz, O. P. (1988) Studies on the structure of the terpenoid sulfide type biological markers in petroleum. In Geochemical Biomarkers, eds. T. F. Yen and J. M. Moldowan, pp. 133-147. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur.
42. 14 5α(H)-sterenes and the origin of 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-steranes in an immature sediment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53:1989;2001-2009.
43. Peters K. E., Moldowan J. M., Sundararaman P. Effects of hydrous pyrolysis on biomarker thermal maturity parameters: Monterey phosphatic and siliceous members. Organic Geochemistry. 15:1990;249-265.
44. th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Maastricht, Abstracts, pp. 707-708.
45. Rowland S. J., Rockey C., Al-Lihaibi S. S., Wolff G. A. Incorporation of sulphur into phytol derivatives during simulated early diagenesis. Organic Geochemistry. 20:1993;1-5.
46. Schouten S., van Driel G. B., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., de Leeuw J. W. Natural sulphurization of ketones and aldehydes: A key reaction in the formation of organic sulphur compounds. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 57:1993;5111-5116.
47. Schouten S., de Graaf W., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., van Driel G. B., de Leeuw J. W. Laboratory simulation of natural sulphurization: II. Reaction of multi-functionalized lipids with inorganic polysulphides at low temperatures. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1993, eds. N. Telnæs, G. van Graas and K. Øygard. Organic Geochemistry. 22:1994;825-834.
48. Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J. S., de Leeuw J. W. The occurrence and distribution of low-molecular-weight sulphoxides in polar fractions of sediment extracts and petroleum. Organic Geochemistry. 23:1995;129-138.
49. 15 isoprenoid sulphur compounds in sediments and oils. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 28:1987;1-19.
50. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., de Leeuw J. W. Analysis, structure and geochemical significance of organically-bound sulphur in the geosphere: State of the art and future research. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1989, eds. B. Durand and F. Behar. Organic Geochemistry. 16:1990;1077-1101.
51. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., ten Haven H. L., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. Organic geochemical studies of a Messinian evaporitic basin, northern Apennines (Italy) - II, Isoprenoid and n-alkyl thiophenes and thiolanes. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1985, eds. D. Leythaeuser and J. Rullkötter. Organic Geochemistry. 10:1986;791-805.
52. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A., Guoying S., Brassell S. C. The identification of mono-, di- and trimethyl 2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chromans and their occurrence in the geosphere. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 51:1987;2393-2400.
53. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., de Leeuw J. W., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Zeeuw M. A., de Lange F., Rijpstra W. I. C., Schenck P. A. The occurrence and identification of series of organic sulphur compounds in oils and sediment extracts I. A study of Rozel Point Oil (U.S.A.). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 51:1987;2369-2391.
54. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Leeuw J. W. Identification of long-chain isoprenoid alkylbenzenes in sediments and crude oils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 52:1988;2671-2677.
55. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Rijpstra W. I. C., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. Origin of organic sulphur compounds an sulphur-containing high molecular weight substances in sediments and immature crude oils. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1987, eds. L. Mattavelli and L. Novelli. Organic Geochemistry. 13:1988;593-606.
56. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Eglinton T. I., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. Organic sulphur in macromolecular sedimentary organic matter: I. Structure and origin of sulphur-containing moieties in kerogen, asphaltenes and coal as revealed by flash pyrolysis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53:1989;873-889.
57. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., van Koert E. R., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. Characterisation of highly branched isoprenoid thiophenes occurring in sediments and immature crude oils. Organic Geochemistry. 14:1989;555-567.
58. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Rijpstra W. I. C., Kock-van Dalen A. C., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. Quenching of labile functionalised lipids by inorganic sulphur species: Evidence for the formation of sedimentary organic sulphur compounds at the early stages of diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53:1989;1343-1355.
59. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Rijpstra W. I. C., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. The occurrence and identification of series of organic sulphur compounds in oils and sediment extracts. II. Their presence in samples from hypersaline and non-hypersaline depositional environments and their possible application as source, palaeoenvironmental and maturity indicators. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53:1989;1323-1341.
60. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Eglinton T. I., Rijpstra W. I. C., de Leeuw J. W. Characterization of organically bound sulfur in high-molecular-weight, sedimentary organic matter using flash pyrolysis and Raney Ni desulfurization. In Geochemistry of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels, eds. W. L. Orr and C. M. White. ACS Symposium Series. 249:1990;486-528.
61. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Kohnen M. E. L., de Leeuw J. W. Thiophenic biomarkers for palaeoenvironmental assessment and molecular stratigraphy. Nature. 345:1990;609-611.
62. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Keely B. J., Betts S. E., Baas M., Maxwell J. R., de Leeuw J. W. Variations in abundances and distributions of isoprenoid chromans and long-chain alkylbenzenes in sediments of the Mulhouse Basin: A molecular sedimentary record of palaeosalinity. Organic Geochemistry. 20:1993;1201-1215.
63. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., van Duin A. C. T., Hollander D., Kohnen M. E. L., de Leeuw J. W. Early diagenesis of bacteriohopanepolyol derivatives: Formation of fossil homohopanoids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 59:1995;5141-5157.
64. Sinninghe Damsté J. S., Kenig F., Koopmans M. P., Hayes J. M., de Leeuw J. W. Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 59:1995;1895-1900.
65. 35 hopanoid in sediments. Tetrahedron Letters. 25:1984;1183-1186.