Middle atmosphere climatologies from the troposphere-stratosphere configuration of the UKMO's unified model

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 55, Issue 17, 1998, Pages 2782-2809

  Butchart, Neal ^a   Austin, John ^a  

^a MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MODELING; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0032464075     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2782:MACFTT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, 1987: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. Academic Press, 489 pp.
2. Austin, J., and N. Butchart, 1994: The influence of climate change and the timing of stratospheric warmings on Arctic ozone depletion. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1127-1145.
3. _, _, and R. Swinbank, 1997: Sensitivity of ozone and temperature to vertical resolution in a GCM with coupled stratospheric chemistry. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1405-1431.
4. Bailey, M. J., A. O'Neill, and V. D. Pope, 1993: Stratospheric analyses produced by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1472-1483.
5. Beagley, S. R., J. de Grandpré, J. N. Koshyk, N. A. McFarlane, and T. G. Shepherd, 1997: Radiative-dynamical climatology of the first-generation Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model. Atmos.Ocean, 35, 293-331.
6. Boville, B. A., 1995: Middle atmosphere version of CCM2 (MACCM2): Annual cycle and interannual variability. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9017-9039.
7. Butchart, N., J. Austin, C. S. Douglas, and R. Swinbank, 1997: Comparison of climatologies from the middle atmosphere versions of the UKMO's GCM and data assimilation. Proc. First SPARC General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, World Meteorological Organization, 24-27.
8. Clough, S. A., N. S. Grahame, and A. O'Neill, 1985: Potential vorticity in the stratosphere derived using data from satellites. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 335-358.
9. Crutzen, P. J., and F. Arnold. 1986: Nitric acid cloud formation in the cold Antarctic stratosphere: A major cause of the springtime "ozone hole." Nature, 324, 651-655.
10. Cullen, M. J. P., 1993: The unified forecast/climate model. Meteor. Mag., 122, 81-94.
11. _, and T. Davies, 1991: A conservative split-explicit integration scheme with fourth-order horizontal advection. Quart. J. Roy, Meteor. Soc., 117, 993-1002.
12. _, _, M. H. Mawson, J. A. James. S. C. Coulter, and A. Malcolm, 1998: Some issues in numerical methods for the next generation of NWP and climate models. Atmos.-Ocean, 38, 425-444.
13. Edwards, J. M., and A. Slingo, 1996: Studies with a flexible new radiation code. Part I: Choosing a configuration for a large-scale model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 689-719.
14. Fritts, D. C., 1984: Gravity wave saturation in the middle atmosphere: A review of theory and observations. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 22, 275-308.
15. Hamilton, K., 1995: Interannual variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter middle atmosphere in control and perturbed experiments with the GFDL SKYHI general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 44-66.
16. _, 1996: Comprehensive meteorological modelling of the middle atmosphere: A tutorial review. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1591-1627.
17. _, R. J. Wilson, J. D. Mahlman, and L. J. Umscheid, 1995: Climatology of the SKYHI troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 5-43.
18. Hanson, D., and K. Mauersberger, 1988: Laboratory studies of the nitric acid trihydrate: Implications for the south polar stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 855-858.
19. Haynes, P. H., C. J. Marks, M. E. McIntyre, T. G. Shepherd, and K. P. Shine, 1991: On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-678.
20. Hofmann, D. J., and S. Solomon, 1989: Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichón. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5029-5041.
21. Jenkins, D. B., D. P. Wareing, L. Thomas, and G. Vaughan, 1987: Upper stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures derived from lidar observations at Aberystwyth. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 49, 287-298.
22. Kanzawa, H., and S. Kawaguchi, 1990: Large stratospheric sudden warming in Antarctic late winter and shallow ozone hole in 1988. Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 77-80.
23. Manney, G. L., R. Swinbank, S. T. Massie, M. E. Gelman, A. J. Miller, R. Nagatani, A. O'Neill, and R. W. Zurek, 1996: Comparison of U. K. Meteorological Office and U. S. National Meteorological Center stratospheric analyses during northern and southern winter. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10311-10334.
24. Manzini, E., and L. Bengtsson, 1996: Stratospheric climate and variability from a general circulation model and observations. Climate Dyn., 12, 615-639.
25. McIntyre, M. E., and T. N. Palmer, 1983: Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere. Nature, 305, 593-600.
26. Milton, S. F., and C. A. Wilson, 1996: The impact of parameterized subgrid-scale orographic forcing on systematic errors in a global NWP model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2023-2045.
27. Mitchell, J. F. B., T. C. Johns, J. M. Gregory, and S. F. B. Tett, 1995: Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols. Nature, 376, 501-504.
28. Morcrette, J.-J., L. Smith, and Y. Fouquart, 1986: Pressure and temperature dependence of the absorption in longwave radiation parameterizations. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 59, 455-469.
29. Nash, J., and J. L. Brownscombe, 1983: Validation of the stratospheric sounding unit. Adv. Space Res., 2, 59-62.
30. Palmer, T. N., G. J. Shutts, and R. Swinbank, 1986: Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 1001-1039.
31. Randel, W. J., 1987: The evaluation of winds from geopotential height data in the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3097-3120.
32. Reber, C. A., 1993: The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1215-1218.
33. Rind, D., R. Suozzo, and N. K. Balachandran, 1988a: The GISS global climate-middle atmosphere model. Part II: Model variability due to interactions between planetary waves, the mean circulation and gravity wave drag. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 371-386.
34. _, _, _, A. Lacis, and G. Russell, 1988b: The GISS global climate-middle atmosphere model. Part I: Model structure and climatology. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 329-370.
35. Rood, R. B., and M. A. Geller, 1994: Editorial. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2781-2782.
36. Rosenlof, K. H., 1995: Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5173-5191.
37. Sassi, F., R. R. Garcia, and B. A. Boville, 1993: The stratopause semiannual oscillation in the NCAR Community Climate Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3608-3624.
38. Shepherd, T. G., K. Semeniuk, and J. N. Koshyk, 1996: Sponge layer feedbacks in middle-atmosphere models. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23 447-23 464.
39. Shibata, K., and M. Chiba, 1990: A simulation of seasonal variation of the stratospheric circulation with a general circulation model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 687-703.
40. Swinbank, R., and A. O'Neill, 1994a: A stratosphere-troposphere data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 686-702.
41. _, and _, 1994b: Quasi-biennial and semi-annual oscillations in equatorial wind fields constructed by data assimilation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2099-2102.
42. _, W. A. Lahoz, A. O.'Neill, C. S. Douglas, A. Heaps, and D. Podd, 1998: Middle atmosphere variability in the Met. Office unified model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., in press.
43. Turco, R. P., O. B. Toon, and P. Hamil, 1989: Hetrogeneous physicochemistry of the polar ozone hole. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16493-16510.
44. Warner, C. D., and M. E. McIntyre, 1996: On the propagation and dissipation of gravity wave spectra through a realistic middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3213-3235.
45. White, A. A., and R. A. Bromley, 1995: Dynamically consistent, quasi-hydrostatic equations for global models with a complete representation of the Coriolis force. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 399-418.
46. World Meteorological Organization, 1995: Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994. Rep. 37, WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Geneva.